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Estimates, trends, and drivers of the global burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM_2·5 air pollution, 1990–2019: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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The Lancet Planetary Health 2022年第7期6卷 e586-e600页

作者： Burkart, Katrin Causey, Kate Cohen, Aaron J Wozniak, Sarah S Salvi, Devashri Digvijay Abbafati, Cristiana Adekanmbi, Victor Adsuar, Jose C Ahmadi, Keivan Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alipour, Vahid Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amegah, Adeladza Kofi Andrei, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Ansari, Fereshteh Arabloo, Jalal Aremu, Olatunde Aripov, Timur Babaee, Ebrahim Banach, MacIej Barnett, Anthony Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Bedi, Neeraj Behzadifar, Masoud Béjot, Yannick Bennett, Derrick A Bensenor, Isabela M Bernstein, Robert S Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bijani, Ali Biondi, Antonio Bohlouli, Somayeh Breitner, Susanne Brenner, Hermann Butt, Zahid A Cámera, Luis Alberto Cantu-Brito, Carlos Carvalho, Felix Cerin, Ester Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chauhan, Bal Govind Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine Chu, Dinh-Toi Dai, Xiaochen Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Daryani, Ahmad Davletov, Kairat De Courten, Barbora Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Dhimal, Meghnath Diaz, Daniel Djalalinia, Shirin Duncan, Bruce B El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa Eskandarieh, Sharareh Fareed, Mohammad Farzadfar, Farshad Fattahi, Nazir Fazlzadeh, Mehdi Fernandes, Eduarda Filip, Irina Fischer, Florian Foigt, Nataliya A Freitas, Marisa Ghashghaee, Ahmad Gill, Paramjit Singh Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed Gopalani, Sameer Vali Guo, Yuming Gupta, Rajat Das Habtewold, Tesfa Dejenie Hamadeh, Randah R Hamidi, Samer Hankey, Graeme J Hasanpoor, Edris Hassen, Hamid Yimam Hay, Simon I Heibati, Behzad Hole, Michael K Hossain, Naznin Househ, Mowafa Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi Jaafari, Jalil Jakovljevic, Mihajlo Jha, Ravi Prakash Jonas, Jost B Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy Kasaeian, Amir Kaydi, Neda Khader, Yousef Saleh Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif Khan, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Junaid Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khatab, Khaled Khater, Amir M Kim, Yun Jin Kimokoti, Ruth W Kisa, Adnan Kivimäki, Mika Knibbs, Luke D Kosen, Soewarta Koul, Parvaiz A Koyanagi, Ai Defo, Barthelemy Kuate Kugbey, Nuworza Lauriola, Paolo Lee, Paul H Leili, Mostafa Lewycka, Sonia Li, Shanshan Lim, Lee-Ling Li Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery University of Washington Seattle WA United States Research Insights and Innovation Seattle WA United States Health Effects Institute Boston MA United States School of Public Health Boston University Boston MA United States Department of Juridical and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Department of Population Medicine Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom Sport Science Department University of Extremadura Badajoz Spain School of Public Health Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Primary Care and Public Health Imperial College London London United Kingdom Mayo Evidence-based Practice Center Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research Rochester MN United States John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO United States Clinical Epidemiology Center US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) St Louis MO United States Health Management and Economics Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Economics Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Community and Family Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Group in Hospital Management and Health Policies Universidad de la Costa (University of the Coast) Barranquilla Colombia Research Group in Health Economics University of Cartagena Cartagena Colombia Department of Biomedical Science University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana Cardiology Department Ca

Background: Experimental and epidemiological studies indicate an association between exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution and increased risk of type 2 diabetes. In view of the high and increasing prevalence of diabetes, we aimed to quantify the burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM_2·5 originating from ambient and household air pollution. Methods: We systematically compiled all relevant cohort and case-control studies assessing the effect of exposure to household and ambient fine particulate matter (PM_2·5) air pollution on type 2 diabetes incidence and mortality. We derived an exposure–response curve from the extracted relative risk estimates using the MR-BRT (meta-regression—Bayesian, regularised, trimmed) tool. The estimated curve was linked to ambient and household PM_2·5 exposures from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019, and estimates of the attributable burden (population attributable fractions and rates per 100 000 population of deaths and disability-adjusted life-years) for 204 countries from 1990 to 2019 were calculated. We also assessed the role of changes in exposure, population size, age, and type 2 diabetes incidence in the observed trend in PM_2·5-attributable type 2 diabetes burden. All estimates are presented with 95% uncertainty intervals. Findings: In 2019, approximately a fifth of the global burden of type 2 diabetes was attributable to PM_2·5 exposure, with an estimated 3·78 (95% uncertainty interval 2·68–4·83) deaths per 100 000 population and 167 (117–223) disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) per 100 000 population. Approximately 13·4% (9·49–17·5) of deaths and 13·6% (9·73–17·9) of DALYs due to type 2 diabetes were contributed by ambient PM2·5, and 6·50% (4·22–9·53) of deaths and 5·92% (3·81–8·64) of DALYs by household air pollution. High burdens, in terms of numbers as well as rates, were estimated in Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and South Am

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Designing the Application of Security Text Messages Into Audio Files Using Data Encryption Standard (DES) Algorithms Using the End Of File (EOF) Method

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2019年第1期1363卷

作者： A M H Pardede Anggi Pramana Muhammad Zarlis Akbar Iskandar Rosida Tiurma Manurung S Sriadhi Citra Kurniawan Abdurrozzaq Hasibuan Nurintan Asyiah Siregar Ayu Esteka Sari Indrya Mulyaningsih Teguh Hidayat Iskandar Alam Ibrahim Tri Listyorini Edy Winarno Tulus STMIK Kaputama Binjai Sumatera Utara Indonesia Department of Computer Science Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan Indonesia Department of Informatics STMIK AKBA Makassar Indonesia Graduate Program in Scientific Psychology Universitas Kristen Maranatha Indonesia Department of Electrical Engineering Universitas Negeri Medan Indonesia Department of Electrical Engineering Sekolah Tinggi Teknik Malang Indonesia Faculty of Engineering Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara Medan Indonesia Department of Management STIE Labuhanbatu Sumatera Utara Indonesia Department of Management STIE Sakti Alam Kerinci Jambi Indonesia Department of Indonesian Language Teaching Institut Agama Islam Negeri Syekh Nurjati Cirebon Indonesia Department of Informatics Engineering Universitas Muhammadiyah Sorong Sorong Indonesia Department of English Education Universitas Muhammadiyah Sorong Sorong Indonesia Department of Informatics Universitas Muria Kudus Indonesia Faculty of Information Technology Universitas Stikubank Semarang Indonesia Department of Mathematics Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan Indonesia

There are several ways to deal with security issues of confidential data sent via the internet, including using cryptographic techniques and steganography. Steganography is the science and art of concealing information / messages in a media in such a way that its existence is not detected by other parties who are not entitled to the information. Instead, cryptography disguises the meaning of a message, but does not hide that there is a message because the file looks suspicious. The Steganography technique used here was End Of File (EOF). The EOF technique described how to add data or files at the end of the image file. For this technique, the size of data or files that will be hidden could be larger than the size of the image file. The hidden data will be inserted at the end of the file so that it will not affect the image. This steganography application is also equipped with a cryptographic function Data Encryption Standard (DES) at the time of insertion of data that functions as a generator code and encrypts data, so that the security of a data in the file is more protected and protected from those who are not entitled to know the data.

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Searching for gravitational wave bursts from cosmic string cusps with the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Yonemaru, N. Kuroyanagi, S. Hobbs, George Takahashi, K. Zhu, X.-J. Coles, W.A. Dai, S. Howard, E. Manchester, R. Reardon, D. Russell, C. Shannon, R. Thyagarajan, N. Spiewak, R. Wang, J.-B. Kumamoto University Graduate School of Science and Technology Kumamoto860-8555 Japan CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science PO Box 76 EppingNSW1710 Australia Nagoya University Graduate School of Science Nagoya464-8601 Japan Instituto de Física Teórica UAM-CSIC Universidad Autonóma de Madrid Cantoblanco Madrid28049 Spain International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology Kumamoto University Kumamoto860-8555 Japan School of Physics and Astronomy Monash University VIC3800 Australia OzGrav: Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California at San Diego San diegoCA United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Macquarie University Sydney2109 Australia Centre for Quantum Dynamics Griffith University BrisbaneQLD4111 Australia Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing Swinburne University of Technology P.O. Box 218 HawthornVIC3122 Australia CSIRO Scientific Computing Services Australian Technology Park Locked Bag 9013 AlexandriaNSW1435 Australia National Radio Astronomy Observatory 1003 Lopezville Rd SocorroNM87801 United States Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Science 150 Science 1-Street UrumqiXinjiang830011 China Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Chinese Academy of Science 150 Science 1-Street UrumqiXinjiang830011 China

Cosmic strings are potential gravitational wave (GW) sources that can be probed by pulsar timing arrays (PTAs). In this work we develop a detection algorithm for a GW burst from a cusp on a cosmic string, and apply it to Parkes PTA data. We find four events with a false alarm probability less than 1%. However further investigation shows that all of these are likely to be spurious. As there are no convincing detections we place upper limits on the GW amplitude for different event durations. From these bounds we place limits on the cosmic string tension of G μ∼ 10−5, and highlight that this bound is independent from those obtained using other techniques. We discuss the physical implications of our results and the prospect of probing cosmic strings in the era of Square Kilometre Array (SKA). © 2020, CC BY.

关键词： Pulsars

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Streaming k-means clustering with fast queries

arXiv

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Zhang, Yu Tangwongsan, Kanat Tirthapura, Srikanta Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Iowa State University AmesIA50011 United States Compute Science Program Mahidol University International College Thailand Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Iowa State University AmesIA50011 United States

We present methods for k-means clustering on a stream with a focus on providing fast responses to clustering queries. Compared to the current state-of-the-art, our methods provide substantial improvement in the query time for cluster centers while retaining the desirable properties of provably small approximation error and low space usage. Our algorithms rely on a novel idea of "coreset caching" that systematically reuses coresets (summaries of data) computed for recent queries in answering the current clustering query. We present both theoretical analysis and detailed experiments demonstrating their correctness and efficiency. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Machine learning

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Designing Lead-Lag PSS Employing Backtracking Search Algorithm to Improve Power System Damping

Designing Lead-Lag PSS Employing Backtracking Search Algorit...

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IEEE GCC Conference & Exhibition

作者： Md Shafiullah Md Juel Rana L. S. Coelho M. A. Abido Ahmad Al-Subhi Department of Electrical Engineering King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran KSA Industrial and Systems Engineering Graduate Program Federal University of Parana Curitiba PR Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781538627570

The power system is a complex network having highly nonlinear dynamics. Being electrically interconnected power systems are vulnerable to instability due to the disturbances in any one portion of the system. Even low-frequency oscillations (LFOs) originated from small disturbances in any part of the network may cause the outage of the whole system. Power System Stabilizer (PSS) with optimal parameter settings is an efficient tool for the suppression of these oscillations. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed to tune lead-lag controller based PSS for a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) network by using backtracking search algorithm (BSA) to suppress LFOs through improvement of power system damping. The efficacy of BSA tuned PSS has been investigated by comparing the simulation results with fixed gain conventional PSS. In addition, the damping ratio and eigenvalues of the same network have been compared with genetic algorithm (GA) based tuned PSS.

关键词： Power system stability Sociology Statistics Damping Oscillators Lead Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions

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Challenges in using the Physics-of-Failure approach in practical applications

Challenges in using the Physics-of-Failure approach in pract...

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2017 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, IAS 2017

作者： Irias, Nayara G. N. Souza, Frederico A. L. De Paula, Hélder Silva, Leonardo Adolpho R. Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Federal University of Minas Gerais Av. Antônio Carlos 6627 Belo H. MG31270-901 Brazil Electrical Engineering Department UFMG Av. Antonio Carlos 6627 Belo Horizonte MG31270-901 Brazil Telecomunications and Mechatronic Engineering Departments UFSJ Campus do Alto Paraopeba Rodovia MG 443 km 7 Ouro Branco MG36420-000 Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781509048946

The authors plan to perform a new reliability analysis of a motor drive system for mining applications, whose environment is harsh due to the presence of vibration, high temperature, dust and other stress factors. The previous study was disregarded because it had been made using the traditional approach, based on handbook constant failure rate models. Since this traditional method is no longer recommended, the approach based on the physics-of-failure (PoF) has been deeply studied by the authors, to be applied in the aformentioned analysis. However, several difficulties have been experienced when using this approach for the reliability assessment of systems in operation. In this context, this paper presents a discussion about the challenges regarding the application of the PoF methodology in the field, and, in the face of such difficulties, it debates hybrid and probabilistic models that aim to overcome them. Finally, a questioning pointing out the problems that a field engineer may find when employing these reliability methods is exposed to raise a discussion that intends to enlighten the subject and promote their effective use in practice. © 2017 IEEE.

关键词： Reliability analysis

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LED Lights with Hidden Intensity-Modulated Blue Channels Aiming for Enhanced Subconscious Visual Responses

IEEE Photonics Journal

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IEEE Photonics Journal 2017年第3期9卷 8201009页

作者： Vartanian, Garen Wong, Kwoon Y. Ku, Pei-Cheng Macromolecular Science and Engineering Graduate Program University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States

A new form of light-emitting diode (LED) light suitable for general illumination is proposed to enhance subconscious, nonimage-forming visual responses, which are essential to our well-being. Pulsing light has been shown to reduce photoreceptor adaptation and elicit stronger subconscious visual responses at an indoor illumination level. Using the silent substitution technique, a melanopsin-selective flicker can be added into white light. A linear optimization algorithm was developed to suppress any perceivable fluctuation of light intensity and colors of illuminated objects. Two examples of lights are given to illustrate the potential applications of the proposed multi-LED light for general illumination and therapeutic purposes. © 2009-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Light emitting diodes

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Raman study of lattice vibrations in type II superlattice InAs/InAs1-xSbx

arXiv

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Liu, Henan Zhang, Yong Steenbergen, Elizabeth H. Liu, Shi Lin, Zhiyuan Zhang, Yong-Hang Kim, Jeomoh Ji, Mi-Hee Detchprohm, Theeradetch Dupuis, Russell D. Kim, Jin K. Hawkins, Samuel D. Klem, John F. Optical Science and Engineering Graduate Program Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte NC United States Center for Photonics Innovation and School of Electrical Computer and EnergyEngineering Arizona State University Tempe AZ United States Center for Compound Semiconductors and School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA United States Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque NM United States

InAs/InAs1-xSbx superlattice system differ distinctly from two well-studied superlattice systems GaAs/AlAs and InAs/GaSb, in terms of electronic band alignment, common-element at the interface, and phonon spectrum overlapping of the constituents. This fact leads to unique electronic and vibrational properties of the InAs/InAs1-xSbx system when compared to the other two systems. In this work, we report a polarized Raman study on the vibrational properties of the InAs/InAs1-xSbx SLs as well as selected InAs1-xSbx alloys, all grown on GaSb substrates by either MBE or MOCVD, from both growth surface and cleaved edge. In the SL, from the (001) backscattering geometry, an InAs-like LO mode is observed as the primary feature and its intensity is found to increase with increasing Sb composition;from the (110) cleaved edge backscattering geometry, an InAs-like TO mode is observed as the main feature in two cross-polarization configurations, but an additional InAs-like "forbidden" LO mode was observed in two parallel-polarization configurations. InAs1-xSbx alloys lattice-matched to the substrate (xSb ~ 0.09) grown by MBE were also found to exhibit the "forbidden" LO mode, implying the existence of some unexpected [001] modulation, but the strained xSb ~ 0.35 samples grown by MOCVD were found to behavior like a disordered alloy. The primary conclusions are (1) the InAs-like LO or TO mode could be either a confined or quasi-confined mode in the InAs layers of the SL or extended mode of the whole structure, depending on the Sb composition;(2) InAs/InAsSb and InAs/GaSb SLs exhibit significantly different behaviors in the cleaved edge geometry, but qualitatively similar in the (001) geometry;and (3) the appearance of the "forbidden" LO-like mode is a universal signature for SLs and bulk systems resulting from mixing of phonon modes due to structural modulation or symmetry reduction. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： III-V semiconductors

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Ambient-pressure CVD of graphene on low-index Ni surfaces using methane: A combined experimental and first-principles study

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Physical Review Materials 2018年第7期2卷 073404-073404页

作者： Daniela L. Mafra Jimena A. Olmos-Asar Fabio R. Negreiros Alfonso Reina Ki Kang Kim Mildred S. Dresselhaus Jing Kong Gary J. Mankey Paulo T. Araujo Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas Universidade Federal do ABC Santo André 09210-580 SP Brazil INFIQC CONICET Departamento de Química Teórcia y Computacional Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Nacional de Córdoba X5000HUA Argentina Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Department of Energy and Materials Engineering Dongguk University-Seoul Seoul 04620 Republic of Korea Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa Alabama 35487 USA Center for Materials for Information Technology (MINT Center) The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa Alabama 35401 USA Natural Sciences Institute Graduate Program in Physics - Federal University of Para Belem PA 66075-110 Brazil

The growth of large area single-layer graphene (1-LG) is studied using ambient pressure chemical vapor deposition on single-crystal Ni(111), Ni(110), and Ni(100). By varying both the furnace temperature in the range of 800–1100 °C and the gas flow through the growth chamber, uniform, high-quality 1-LG is obtained for Ni(111) and Ni(110) single crystals and for Ni(100) thin films. Surprisingly, only multilayer graphene growth could be obtained for single-crystal Ni(100). The experimental results are analyzed to determine the optimum combination of temperature and gas flow. Characterization with optical microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and optical transmission support our findings. Density-functional theory calculations are performed to determine the energy barriers for diffusion, segregation, and adsorption, and model the kinetic pathways for formation of different carbon structures on the low-index surfaces of Ni.

关键词： Growth Synthesis 2-dimensional systems Carbon-based materials Atomic force microscopy Chemical vapor deposition Density functional calculations Density functional theory Raman spectroscopy

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Phase change-photonic framework for terahertz wave control

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Pitchappa, Prakash Kumar, Abhishek Prakash, Saurav Jani, Hariom Venkatesan, Thirumalai Singh, Ranjan Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore637371 Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies Photonic Institute 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore639798 NUSNNI-NanoCore National University of Singapore Singapore NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore117456 Department of Physics National University of Singapore Singapore117542 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore117583 Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore117575

The advancement in capabilities enabled by handheld devices and the prospective internet of things has led to an explosion of wireless data consumption in the last decade. The ever-increasing demand for high speed data transfer has projected the unprecedented importance of terahertz spectral range for next generation wireless communication systems. However, versatile interaction and active manipulation of terahertz waves required for a wide-range of terahertz technologies are either unavailable or unscalable. Here, we report on an integrated platform of chalcogenide phase change material, germanium antimony telluride (GST), with metamaterials for multidimensional manipulation of terahertz waves. The thermal, electrical and optical stimulation of GST provide multilevel non-volatility, sub-wavelength spatial selectivity and variable ultrafast switching of terahertz waves, respectively. These multifaceted response of phase change material can be used in tandem with metamaterial that enables strong field confinement along with on-demand spectral response and frequency selectivity. The unique and multifarious properties of GST combined with the versatility and scalability of metamaterial design and ease of fabrication could aid in the development of advanced devices operating in terahertz range, such as spatio-temporal light modulators, neuromorphic photonic devices, compressive imagers, and switchable holograms, vital for the next generation wireless communication systems. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Terahertz waves

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