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FOCAS - A NEW LOOK IN COMBAT SYSTEM SIGNAL TRANSMISSION

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1983年第3期95卷 51-62页

作者： SLEMON, CS ABBOTT, JW Charles S. Slemon:graduated from Brown University with an Sc.B. Degree in Physics and did graduate work in semiconductors at the School of Electrical Engineering Cornell University sity receiving an M.S. degree. In 1972 he received an NSF grant to study the temperature dependence of crystal structures and while at Cornell he developed various fabrication and testing techniques with new semiconductor compounds. Upon joining Tetra Tech Inc. in 1976 he established and is responsible for their fiberoptic laboratory. He has carried out many programs involved in fiberoptic links for secure communication for various government agencies in which he authored numerous classified reports and developed special fiberoptic devices and system. He has also carried out studies and hardware development and evaluation programs for the military and commercial clients including marine and deep sea uses of fiberoptics for NOSC ONR and other off-shore industry contractors. For NAVSEA he authored several reports investigating the potential uses and advantages that fiberoptic technology offers to Navyshipboard operations. Mr. Slemon has published many articles and made numerous presentations in the field of fiberoptics. He has also taught several short courses on the subject and is the holder of several patents. Mr. Jack W. Abbott:received his BSME degree from Stanford University in 1960 and his Masters (MEA) degree from George Washington University in 1975. He holds a Professional Engineer License in the state of California. Mr. Abbott served as a naval officer – aboard a destroyer for 3 years. He worked for the Garrett Corporation for nearly 8 years involved with gas turbine design development and application. For the last 15 years Mr. Abbott has been directly involved with all aspects of destroyer design including the Canadian DDH 280 U.S. DD 963 and DD 993 destroyers. Currently Mr. Abbott is the NAVSEA Program Manager of the Ship Systems Engineering Standards (SSES) Program – responsible for developing combat system inter

This article introduces the concept of a truly Universal Signal Distribution Network. The emergence of fiberoptic technology as a viable signal transmission medium now gives the N avy the opportunity to use Fiber Optic Cabling and Switching (FOCAS) to implement a universal network. A FOCAS Network can handle all present or future shipboard signal distribution architectures such as point-to-point or data bus. Furthermore, compared to existing cable installations, this network offers lower cost through reduction of the number of cables, weight, and volume, freedom from interference and EMP effects, increased redundancy, and higher operational flexibility. In addition, it will easily satisfy all future expansion or changes in signal distribution by providing at least a ten fold increase in data rate capacity over existing electrical cabling. This last feature alone holds the potential for allowing upgrading and conversion of modern combat systems without need for adding new cabling in the ship. Along with the introduction of the concept of a Universal FOCAS network and its practical benefits and capabilities, this article presents a trade-off between the Radar Data Distribution Network on the FFG and an analogous FOCAS network. Though far from optimized, the resultant FOCAS network shows that the conversion of existing shipboard networks to FOCAS is straightforward and provides a reduction of at least 90% in cable volume and weight and lower cost in cable purchase and installation.

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THE STRUCTURAL SYNTHESIS DESIGN program - ITS IMPACT ON THE FLEET

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1983年第3期95卷 87-99页

作者： WIERNICKI, CJ GOODING, TG NAPPI, NS Mr. Christopher J. Wiernicki:graduated from Vanderbilt University in 1980 with a B.E. degree in Structural Engineering. Upon graduation he began his professional career at the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center. As a structural engineer in the Surface Ship Structures Division Mr. Wiernicki was responsible for developing improved methods and procedures for designing and evaluating structural systems for surf ace combatants. Specific projects included design for producibility development and evaluation of automated ship structural design methods and participation in the structural design of the CG 49 Cruiser and the current DDG 51 Destroyer. In 1982 Mr. Wiernicki received his M.S. degree in Ocean Engineering from George Washington University. Mr. Wiernicki is a recipient of the SNAME 1982-82 Graduate Scholarship and is currently doing post graduate work in Naval Architecture at Massachusetts Institute of Technology he is a member of ASNE SNAME ASCE and Chi Epsilon. Mr. Thomas G. Gooding:graduated in 1975 from the University of Michigan with B.S. degrees in Oceanography and Naval Architecture. After graduation he began his professional career at the Naval Ship Engineering Center (NA VSEC) as a structural engineer. From 1975 till 1978 Mr. Gooding worked in the area of ship dry docking and was the structural task leader on the complex overhaul ofUSS Long Beach (CGN-9). Mr. Gooding returned to the University of Michigan to receive a M.S. in Naval Architecture in 1979. Currently Mr. Gooding is the structural task leader on the DDGX/DDG 51 program at the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA). Mr. Gooding is a member of SNAME and the Naval Institute. Mr. Natale S. Nappi:graduated from City College of New York in 1954 with a Bachelor of Civil Engineering and received his M.S. in Civil Engineering from Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn in 1959. He began his professional career in 1964 at the New York Naval Shipyard as a Naval Architect (Structure) performing detail structural design and fabrication s

The structural design of a ship's section is a complicated, repetitive and time consuming task. With the advent of new technology, high speed computers have enabled the ship designer to accomplish in a matter of seconds what would formerly take days to accomplish by hand. The Structural Synthesis Design program (SSDP) is a N avy developed computer-aided design tool which is used to design (or to analyze) the longitudinal scantlings for a variety of ship cross sections, consisting of any practical combinations of decks, platforms, bulkheads and materials, i.e., various steel and aluminum alloys. The final hull section design will have the lowest practical weight for the chosen geometric configuration, structural arrangements, and imposed loadings. The scantling developed by the program will satisfy all U.S. N avy ship structural design criteria. An explanation of the objective and design elements of N avy ship structures is included. The rationale behind the SSDP design philosophy is developed along with the significant program capabilities. In an attempt to highlight the influence of automated design procedures on the current naval ship design process, the effect of the SSDP on the DDG 51 destroyer structural development is addressed.

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INTERAGENCY SERVICES - A NEW ERA FOR AN OLD IDEA

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EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 1982年第5期48卷 389-394页

作者： MARTINSON, MC Director Human Development Program Graduate School University of Kentucky Lexington

The article reports that interagency planning and service delivery has been a goal of professionals concerned with handicapped individuals. Five processes are instrumental in defining state and national commitments to handicapped individuals: constitutional law, legislation, administration, legal interpretation and case law. Interorganizational models could provide a basis for conceptualizing processes necessary for negotiating interagency agreements. Some of these models include the exchange model, the political economy model and the dialectical model.

关键词： Administrative Processes and Organizational Variables

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FUTURE-PROSPECTS OF NURSE-MIDWIFERY IN THE UNITED-STATES

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JOURNAL OF NURSE-MIDWIFERY 1982年第2期27卷 9-15页

作者： DEMPKOWSKI, A Alfreda Dempkowski is a Service Fellow at the National Center for Health Services Research and served as principal staff support to the Nonphysician Health Care Provider Technical Panel of the Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee (GMENAC). She is presently assigned to the Office of Program Development at the National Center. The author received her M.P.H. from Yale University in 1977.

The future prospects of the nurse-midwifery profession are evaluated by considering both the factors which support and also those which may impede continued growth. Nurse-midwifery's contribution to health policy goals, in particular, increased access to services and cost containment; consumer preference for this provider; and the uniqueness of the content of care given in nurse-midwifery practice all portend favorably for the future of the profession. Factors which might jeopardize continued growth include an oversupply of obstetricians and legal and reimbursement constraints. Reckoning with the possible effects of a physician oversupply may be the most important task facing the profession.

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Media Review: Books: A Practical Guide to Federal Special Education Law: Understanding and Implementing PL 94–142

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Exceptional Children 1982年第6期48卷 548页

作者： M.C. Martinson Human Development Program Graduate School University of Kentucky

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SEALIFT CAPABILITIES AND SEA SHED

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1982年第2期94卷 61-67页

作者： ROCHE, JJ CORKREY, R BENEN, L Mr. John Roche:graduated from the State University of New York Maritime College with a bachelors degree in marine engineering and received an M.B.A. from the Wharton School. He worked as a Designer in the Engineering Technical Department of Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Co. and he sailed with a number of U.S. flag companies as an Engineering Officer. He joined the Maritime Administration in 1967 and is currently the Assistant for Program Development and Control in the Office of Research and Development. He is a member of ASNE and SNAME. Mr. Ron Corkrey:received B.B.A and M.B.A degrees from the Golden Gate University and was later a guest lecturer there and at other universities. From 1955 to 1969 he held various positions with the Matson Navigation Company ranging from Systems Analyst to Pier Superintendent. From 1969 to 1971 he was the Northern California District Manager for Signal Trucking Service Ltd. He joined the Maritime Administration in 1971 as a Transportation Specialist in the Western Region Office and he is now in Washington D. C. as Program Manager for Cargo Systems R&D. He is a member of the SNAME D31 (Cargo Handling) Panel. Mr. Larry Benen:received his B.S. degree from the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy and a M.S. degree from George Washington University. He is a graduate of the Industrial College of the Armed Forces (ICAF). He has been employed as a research program manager for the Naval Sea Systems Command since 1967 in the areas of Hydromotions and Logistics. He is presently the Program Manager for the Merchant Ship Naval Augmentation Program Exploratory Logistics Experimental Ships and Strategic Sealift Procurement Program.

Projecting our power to far corners of the earth depends on a strategic mobility triad composed of: airlift, prepositioned equipment, and sealift. Airlift can move personnel effectively and limited supplies quickly over great distances. Prepositioned equipment and supplies can extend the effectiveness of those personnel if the circumstances are right, and if we have chosen our positioning sites well. Sealift will provision the lion's share of any protracted engagement, and the ships of the Merchant Marine are a key element in our sealift resources. This paper describes various ways that the Merchant Fleet is being made more responsive to its possible role as a naval auxiliary, and it describes a new concept called SEA SHED which can quickly expand the versatility of Containerships. Containerships have revolutionized marine transportation and they now represent a large and growing portion of the Commercial Fleet. They are limited in the types of cargo they can carry, however, excluding much of the larger equipment required by military units. SEA SHED is a cargo module which fits into the cell guides of a Containership and effectively converts it to a 'tween deck, break-bulk ship which can carry almost all military equipment.

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REMOTE SENSORS, CONTEMPORARY WEAPONS AND COMBATANT SHIP DESIGN

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1982年第1期94卷 51-62页

作者： KANE, HP The authoris a Senior Systems Analyst Systematics General Corporation. During World War II he participated in the invasion and occupation of Kwajalein and Kyushu and had an opportunity to observe Japanese visual concealment techniques first-hand. His education includes a BS degree from Woodbury University and specialized technical studies at the graduate and undergraduate levels of 13 other colleges universities and technical schools in such areas as chemistry geology mathematics computer design solid state physics and metallurgy. He initiated the study associated with this article while employed as a Senior Naval Analyst at Columbia Research Corporation. As Senior Field Engineer with Philco Corporation he participated in naval exercises and naval research and development activities. He also served as Program Manager and Project Engineer for the Multiple Satellite Augmentation Program with Philco/Ford Motor Company Designer on the Saturn I-C/Apollo Program with the Boeing Company and Senior Engineer-Scientist at TRACOR. He has made many contributions in such areas as underwater acoustic passive localization and ranging integrated logistics support configuration management ship energy conservation and reliability analysis.

This paper traces the general evolution of naval warfare requirements and identifies remote sensors and high energy contemporary weapons as threats which have not been dealt with adequately in combatant ship designs. The concept of Ship Susceptibility and Signal Reduction Analysis is explained, and the interactive nature of the various threats on ship design is indicated. A table of typical ship susceptibility and signal reduction analysis area is provided. Recommendations for future intensive R&D are also included.

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SUPERIORITY AT SEA - AN AFFORDABLE SYSTEM FOR THE 1990S

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1982年第2期94卷 29-38页

作者： FLUK, H The authorgraduated from New York University in 1952 as an Aeronautical Engineer and entered the United States Air Force (USAF). He attended the USAF Institute of Technology for graduate Aerodynamics and following that served three years as a Project Officer in the field of Special Weapons. Returning to civilian life in 1957 he joined Curtiss-Wright Corporation's Engine Division and shortly thereafter transferred to the company's Model 200 V/STOL Aircraft Program later to become the Tri-Service X-19. His responsibilities variously included Flight Loads and Controls Aerodynamic Research and publication of the X-19 Aircraft Technology. In 1966 he joined Boeing's VERTOL Division initially working in helicopter stability and then in downwash and autorotation characteristics. This was followed by research and development and long-range planning and then assignment to introduce new computer services to the Engineering Department. In 1975 he joined the Naval Air Engineering Center Lakehurst N.J. to provide technology in horizontal and vertical engine jet flows and at the present time is Manager for Systems Studies in the Advanced Systems Office where he works with the Aircraft and Ship Communities to enhance military effectiveness at sea.

A weapons system has been configured specifically to counter (or preempt) the long-range standoff missile threat. Rationale for this system starts with a discussion of cost and weight, and shows why modern multi-mission systems have become intolerably expensive. Questions are raised regarding the advantages and disadvantages of building future naval aviation forces solely around the Aircraft Carrier Battle Group. The application of a few small modern ships, forming a future Battle Force, holds promise for large economies. Likewise, some accepted views regarding CTOL (Conventional Take Off & Laundry) and V/STOL (Vertical Short Take Off & Launding) aircraft are revisted in terms of their relative costs. A weapons system is proposed which, at one-fourth the weight of an Aircraft Carrier Battle Group, may be produced and operated for one-third the cost.

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INFLUENCE OF SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA ON NITROGEN LOSS FROM MARSH SOIL

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SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL 1981年第3期45卷 660-661页

作者： BURESH, RJ DELAUNE, RD PATRICK, WH Former Graduate Research Assistant Research Associate and Boyd Professor respectively. R. J. Buresh is presently employed as a soil scientist in the Upland Nitrogen Program at the International Fertilizer Development Center P.O. Box 2040 Muscle Shoals AL 35660.

The influence of S. alterniflora, a common salt marsh macrophyte, on loss of NH4+-N from a Louisiana (USA) salt marsh soil was examined in the greenhouse. Labeled NH4+-N, equivalent to .apprx. 100 .mu.g N/g soil, was added in 10 installments over 18 wk to undrained soil cores with and without stands of S. alterniflora. In the presence of S. alterniflora, 93% and 94% of the added N was recovered from constantly flooded and alternately flooded and dried soil, respectively. In the absence of S. alterniflora, loss of added NH4+-N was greater;only .apprx. 56% of the added N was recovered from constantly flooded soil. Actively growing S. alterniflora apparently assimilated the inorganic soil N before it could be lost in gaseous form via nitrification-denitrification reactions.

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SHIP DESIGN AND THE NAVY LABORATORY

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1981年第2期93卷 33-46页

作者： ELLSWORTH, WM CLARK, DJ Mr. William M. Ellsworth:is graduate of the State University of Iowa from which he received B.S. and M.S. degrees in Engineering majoring in Fluid Mechanics. Upon graduation in 1948 he joined the Staff of the David Taylor Model Basin (DTMB) and during the following ten years held various positions in the Hydromechanics Laboratory. In 1958 he left his position as Head of the Towing Problems Branch and joined Cleveland Pneumatic Industries which later became Pneumo Dynamics Corporation (PDC). He was General Manager of PDC's Systems Engineering Division and in 1961 became a corporate Vice President. In 1964 he returned to DTMB where he became the Technical Manager of the Hydrofoil Development Program Office. In October 1969 he was appointed to his present position of Associate Technical Director for Systems Development and Head Systems Development Department David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center. He is a licensed Professional Engineer in the state of Maryland an Honorary Life Member of ASNE and a Fellow of ASME. He also has been the author of a number of papers and reports in the field of Naval Engineering and has served as a member of the ASNE Council from 1972 to 1974 was a member of the ASNE Flagship Section Council (1977-80) and is currently a member of the ASNE Honors and Awards Committee. He became a member of ASNE in 1960 and received his Honorary Life Membership when he was awarded the ASNE Gold Medal for 1973 at ASNE Day 1974. Dennis J. Clark:received his Bachelor's degree in Civil Engineering from City College of New York in 1963. Upon graduating he joined DTMB's Structural Mechanics Laboratory where he worked on a number of full-scale trials of surface ships evaluating the structural integrity of icebreakers sonar domes and Hydrofoils. He eventually was responsible for the entire structural research program in support of the Hydrofoil Advanced Development Office and in 1971 joined the Hydrofoil Program Office as the Manager of Systems Integration. In that capacity he

In today's environment of rapidly escalating costs, increasing technological complexity, and growing threat, we must actively seek ways to improve our effectiveness in applying limited resources to the design of Navy ships. One important aspect of this process involves the development and application of new technology to ship design. An exhaustive treatment of this subject is clearly beyond the scope of a single technical paper. It is the Authors' objective, however, to acquaint the reader with the nature and role of the Navy's Laboratory Community in general and DTNSRDC in particular; to examine some recent initiatives taken at DTNSRDC and some key issues; and, hopefully, to contribute in some small way to the building of a stronger constructive partnership between ship development and design activities. The view is that from the perspective of a Navy Laboratory and pertains to the design of the ship itself as opposed to the weapons system.

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