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Soil erosion and lateral carbon fluxes from corn stover-derived biofuel

Scientific reports 2025年第1期15卷 18315页

作者： Xuesong Zhang Stephen D LeDuc Seungdo Kim Bruce E Dale Kaiguang Zhao Yuyu Zhou Gregory W McCarty Glenn E Moglen USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory Beltsville MD 20705-2350 USA. xuesong.zhang@usda.gov. Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 109 TW Alexander Dr. Research Triangle Park NC 27711 USA. Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA. Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Michigan State University 3815 Technology Boulevard Lansing MI 48910 USA. Environmental Science Graduate Program School of Environment and Natural Resources The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA. Department of Geography and Institute for Climate and Carbon Neutrality The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China. USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory Beltsville MD 20705-2350 USA. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte NC 28223 USA.

Crop residues hold promise to alleviate food vs. fuel competition and contribute to biofuel production. However, the impacts of lateral sediment and carbon fluxes caused by residue removal are not fully understood. Here we employ agroecosystem modeling to conservatively estimate lateral sediment and carbon fluxes resulting from partial corn stover removal in the U.S. Midwest. Results show substantial increases in soil erosion resulting from corn stover removal. For example, the area of continuous corn and corn soybean cropping systems exceeding soil erosion tolerance threshold could increase from 1.1 to 13.3% because of 66% corn stover removal. Depending on removal intensity, conservation, and crop rotation, the stover removal-induced increases in eroded soil organic carbon is equivalent to 3.9-12.5 gCOe MJ, which is comparable to other components of the life cycle impacts of corn stover-derived biofuel. Our findings highlight the need to consider the soil erosion and lateral carbon fluxes impacts of corn stover removal in designing supply chains for cellulosic biofuel production.

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Agonistic Competition for Fruit among Members of a Titi Monkey (Callicebus Coimbrai) Group During a Severe Drought

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Neotropical Primates 2014年第1期20卷 57-58页

作者： Fernanda B.A. Correia Sirley A.A. Baião Stephen F. Ferrari Graduate Program in Development and Environment — PRODEMA Universidade Federal de Sergipe Av. Marechal Rondon s/n Rosa Elze 49.100-000 São Cristóvão—SE Brazil. E-mail: &lt &gt fernanda_aragao@yahoo.com.br Department of Ecology Universidade Federal de Sergipe São Cristóvão—SE Brazil.

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Challenge of Renewable Energy Transition towards Krabi's Sustainable Energy City

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and environmental Science 2019年第1期385卷

作者： Chariya Senpong Dawan Wiwattanadate Environment Development and Sustainability Interdisciplinary Program Graduate School Chulalongkom University Bangkok Thailand Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand

This paper is a review article collecting relevant data and information for developing a transition model towards a sustainable energy city: a case study of Krabi Province, Thailand. An expanding tourism sector in Krabi is increasing energy demand, which continues to grow year after year. Meanwhile, the energy supply of the province relies on the centralization of the southern and central regional energy system to the national grid transmission system. According to the 2018 National Power development Plan, Krabi is projected to shift to regional grid decentralization; coupled with increasing its power generation from renewable energy with affordability and community participation. Therefore, Krabi Vision 2020, which is a provincial master plan, would lead the direction of Krabi's plan towards energy transition. Increasing renewable energy investment and disruptive technology to secure the potential of solar, biomass, biogas, wind and mini-hydro is paving the way to shift Krabi to a sustainable energy future. The implementation of a sustainable energy transition across the province, would bring benefits for the local economy, environmental conservation, and energy security. To achieve this energy transition, Krabi requires coordination of smart policy, local and government participation, and sound planning. This review study suggests that the transition towards a sustainable energy future depends on identifying the political barriers, and the adoption of effective management practices.

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Numerical Hydrogeological Modeling of the Eastern Limb of the Moeda Syncline: Analysis of the Current Situation and Future Perspectives for the Cauê Aquifer (Iron Quadrangle - Mg, Brazil)

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Magalhães, Celina Cenni de Castro De Paula, Rodrigo Sergio Galvão, Paulo Guiguer, Nilson Pereira, Breno Alexandre de Melo, Marília Carvalho Institute of Geosciences Department of Geology Graduate Program in Geology Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais MG Belo Horizonte Brazil Secretary of State for Environment and Sustainable Development MG Belo Horizonte Brazil Department of Water Resources Universidade Vale do Rio Verde MG Três Corações Brazil Water Services and Technologies SC Florianópolis Brazil Brazil

The Moeda Syncline, located in the central portion of Minas Gerais, contains part of the Cauê Aquifer, a hydrogeological unit of great importance for the water supply of the Belo Horizonte Metropolitan Region. The dewatering of iron mines in the region, necessary for the continued operation of 11 iron mines on the eastern limb of the syncline, demanded in 2019 the pumping of about 52 million m3/year of groundwater. This work aims at quantifying the evolution of the hydraulic head and baseflow of the eastern limb watercourses in the period between 1999 and 2019 and forecasting the water table lowering in the subsequent 20 years. This was achieved by means of hydrogeological flow modeling using Feflow software, whose steps consisted of assembly, calibration in permanent flow state, in transient state, and simulation of water level lowering. The assembly generated a model divided in 4 hydrogeological units (Gandarela Aquifer, Cauê Aquifer, Batatal Aquitard and Moeda Aquifer), 4 sectors, and separated vertically in upper and lower portions. The calibration in steady state resulted in 7.75% NRMS. After calibration in transient state it was found a 13.6% reduction in baseflow of the area as a whole between 1999 and 2019, in addition to an average lowering of 10.4 meters in the Cauê Aquifer and 2.2 meters in the other units, resulting in 5.9 meters on average. The most affected region was the south-central part of the study area, which had a lowering of about 11.6 meters and a 21.6% reduction in baseflow. The simulation of the period from 2019 to 2039 resulted in the lowering of another 7.4 meters on average, with the south-central region again being the most affected, with 10.8 meters of lowering. In this period a reduction of 7.6% of the baseflow in the studied area was predicted, being 14.7% in Fechos Stream, located in the northern portion. The model generated was considered adequate to represent the regional hydrogeological conditions and can be used to define the mos

关键词： Aquifers

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Community attitudes towards biogas as an alternative energy and environmental quality improvement

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2020年第1期1517卷

作者： M Z Arifin M Khoir B E Purwanto Research and Development Board of Magelang City Indonesia Post Graduate Program of Institute Technology Yogyakarta Indonesia Department of Environment and Forestry Yoyakarta Indonesia

This study aims to find out and explore information on cattle farmers in utilizing their dung as alternative energy-biogas in their daily activities. By using quantitative descriptive research methods and Likert scale for data analysis on 50 respondents, resulting that as many as 46% of respondents agreed that biogas as an alternative energy and want to have it as much as 54%. However, in the statement that they will build biogas, most of them answered doubtfully, which is 70%. Doubts in building biogas are caused by, among others: the lack of sufficient information related to biogas, the high investment costs at the beginning of the biogas reactor construction, the are several biogas digesters do not work, the useful life and function of the biogas reactor, and the availability of land as a biogas reactor. As a solution to these problems, IEC program (Information, Education and Communication) can be done to the community, especially farmers about biogas as a whole; program synergies among the government, academics and biogas builders to encourage biogas development as an alternative energy while enhancing environmental quality.

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Health risk assessment of soil contamination with heavy metals in a child care center co-located in vicinity to small scale industrial area: Case study of Thailand

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Case Studies in Chemical and environmental Engineering 2024年 9卷

作者： Simatupang, Cathleen Ariella Santhaweesuk, Kanitthika Strezov, Vladimir Pongkiatkul, Prapat Boontanon, Narin Jindal, Ranjna Boontanon, Suwanna Kitpati Graduate Program in Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Mahidol University Nakhon Pathom 73170 Thailand School of Natural Sciences Faculty of Science and Engineering Macquarie University 2109 NSW Australia Department of Environmental Engineering King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi Bangkok 10800 Thailand Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies Mahidol University Nakhon Pathom 73170 Thailand Environmental Engineering and Management Program Department of Energy Environment and Climate Change School of Environment and Resources Development Asian Institute of Technology Pathumthani 12120 Thailand Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies Kyoto University Yoshida Sakyo-Ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan

environmental impacts of small scale industries are still not well investigated, especially for estates where multiple small scale industries are clustered causing cumulative effects potentially impacting most vulnerable groups. This study aimed to investigate the concentrations of heavy metals (Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Pb, Al, Zn, and Cr) and the metalloid (As) in surface soils near the intensely active small-scale industrial area in Thailand, assess the contamination levels in the co-located child care center, and estimate potential human health risks from exposure to the heavy metals. Surface soil heavy metal(loid) elements were evaluated across a background area, area near main roads, a small-scale industrial area, and a child care centre. The concentrations of Al were found be the highest at all investigation sites, with the most elevated concentrations observed in the small-scale industrial area. The concentration of Pb in the industrial area reached 1176 mg/kg, exceeding the national standard and acceptable limit. Moreover, the contamination level for Cu, Pb, and Zn in the industrial area imply a considerable risk with enrichment factor EF > 40, and geo-accumulation index Igeo ≥5. Heavy metal levels (Ni, Cu, Pb) in the soil near the road and the child care center were similar, suggesting shared contamination sources. Conversely, Al, Zn, As, and Cr in the child care center had slightly higher concentrations than near the road but lower than the small-scale industrial area, indicating potential industrial influence on metal levels within the child care center. The principal component analysis showed Mn and Fe distributed in the background, while As, Pb, Ni, Cu, Al, Zn, and Cr accumulated in the small-scale industrial area. The findings indicate that small-scale industrial activities contribute to elevated levels of heavy metals in the soil, particularly within the child care center, posing significant ingestion risks, especially for children (HI > 1). Implementing conta

关键词： Children Contamination sources environmental impact PCA Surface soil

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environmental compliance: Requirements and technology opportunities for future ships

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第3期109卷 349-369页

作者： Nickens, AD Pizzino, JF Crane, CH Anthony D. Nickens:is the research and development progrma a manager for the Navy's Environmental Protection Program at the Naval Sea Systems Command's Ship Research Development and Standards Group (Sea 03R).He is responsible for overseeing directing and funding the design and development of shipboard systems and precedures to assure compliance with maritime environmental laws and regulations He holds an M.B.A. degree from the Florida Institute of Technology an M.S. degree in chemical engineering from the University of Florida and a B.S. degree i chemical engineering magna cum laude from the North Carolina State University. In addition he successufully completed the twenty-week Program Management Course at the Defense Systems management College in Fort Belvoir Virginia and the Executive Program at the University of Virginia Darden Graduate School of Business. He is also an engineering duty officer in the Navy reserves and a previous author and frequent contributor to Naval Engineers Journal. Josepe F. Pizzino:is a Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division Employee working at the Naval Sea Systems Command's Ship Research Development and Standards Group (Sea 03R). He is a research and development program manager for the Navy's Environment Protection Program responsible for overseeing directing and funding the design and development of shipboard systems and procedures to assure combliance with maritime environment laws and regulations. Prior to his present assignment he was project engineer for the development os shipboard and life-boat reverse osmosis desalination systems both of which are persently being unstalled aboard Navy ships. He holds a B.S. in chemical engineering from the University of Marland and an M.S. degree in chimical engineering from The Catholic Uhiversity of America. Chirstopher H. Crane:is a senior scientist at Geo-Centrs Inc. where he has provided technical program and dcumentation support for Navy headquarters shipboard environmental programs since 1989. Previouss grover

Navy ships must be able to operate anywhere in the world and visit any port unencumbered by environmental restrictions. The Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (OCNO) has formulated a vision for the environmentally sound ship of the 21st century, which will ensure compliance with environmental requirements applicable to Navy ships, while maintaining fleet effectiveness and readiness. Navy ships generate a variety of solid and liquid wastes and atmospheric emissions. Ships have limited capabilities for holding wastes for offload to shore. Working closely with the OCNO, the Naval Sea Systems Command (NavSea) is developing systems, equipment, and procedures to process and manage ship wastes in an environmentally responsible manner. Several pieces of shipboard equipment have been successfully developed to process solid and liquid waste, hazardous materials and ozone-depleting substances (ODSs). The technologies and practices being developed under this program will: ensure compliance with environmental laws and regulations, significantly reduce the logistic burdens and costs associated with shoreside offload and disposal of ship wastes, implement Navy environmental and occupational safety and health policies, enhance the quality of life aboard ship, and continue the Navy's leadership role in protecting the marine environment.

关键词： Naval vessels

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Challenges of Energy Efficiency Promoting Policy in Thailand

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and environmental Science 2019年第1期268卷

作者： A Vivatpinyo C Pharino International Postgraduate Program in Environment Development and Sustainability Graduate School Chulalongkorn University Thailand Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Thailand

Energy efficiency enhancement is well recognized worldwide as the efficient measures to deal with energy-related challenges, which are economic growth and development, energy security, and climate change. For Thailand to accelerate energy efficiency implementation, the energy development plan is set to meet the national targets including the Energy Efficiency Plan target and to achieve the Greenhouse Gas emission reduction target. In many countries, financing energy efficiency promoting policy is critically important strategy to provide financial incentive for mitigating clean energy investment barrier. For long-term public support, there is an emerging body of evidence on the on-going practice and performance of the financial incentive programs, which offers an opportunity to improve our understanding of the energy efficiency promoting policy. This study reviewed the latest situation of three energy efficiency financial incentive programs that governed by Department of Alternative Energy development and Energy Efficiency (DEDE), which are (1) Energy Efficiency Revolving Fund (EERF), (2) Energy Service Company Revolving Fund (ESCO Fund), (3) DEDE Demand Side Management Bidding (DSM Bidding). The study aims to examine the positive and negative challenges posed by existing policies that need to be overcome and to identify the opportunities for policy improvement to more effectively promote energy efficiency implementation. EERF and DSM Bidding are suitably designed for large company who has strong financial capacity. ESCO Fund is well-designed for low collateral capacity company. EE measures under EERF are mostly well-known technologies that are proven generating energy savings. ESCO Fund is suitable for promoting new technologies according to project-based analysing basis. DSM Bidding can be designed for wide-range EE measures from simple to complex measures. However, there are some main challenges that can be improved, i.e., technical and financial risks bearing by

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The Influence of Walking Accessibility on Station-to-Station Passenger Flow and its Interaction with Metropolitan Race/Class Segregation: A Case Study of Marta's Heavy-Rail Network, Atlanta (USA)

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Ramos-Santiago, Luis Enrique Derochers, Luke Clemson University Graduate Program in City and Regional Planning 3-109 Lee Hall Box 340511 ClemsonSC United States University of Massachusetts-Boston School for the Environment Department of Urban Planning and Community Development 2140 S Integrated Sciences Complex BostonMA02125 United States WSP USA Inc. 3340 Peachtree Rd #2400 AtlantaGA30326 United States

Mass transit is a key transport strategy in helping cities decarbonize, adapt to an era of rapid climate change, and guide rapid urbanization. Central to transit planning is the ability to accurately estimate demand for an effective, efficient, and equitable deployment of infrastructures and services. Instrumental to this effort is direct-demand modelling (DDM), which has evolved and become more nuanced in predicting ridership at station-level and station-to-station levels and in shedding light on key ridership and performance determinants. Local and Metropolitan accessibility as predictors of transit patronage has been shown significant in recent DDM studies at station-level, with an apparent synergistic relationship. This, however, has not been explored on a station-to-station passenger flow level. In several ways this is a more valid unit of analysis for rail ridership studies as it captures critical factors between and at both ends of the trip that are experienced by the transit rider. It is also well documented that the sensitivity of transit patrons to key ridership determinants varies across income levels. In some jurisdictions income level strongly correlates with race/ethnicity and/or class, due in part to historical legacies of classism and/or racism. Segregation because of class and/or race prejudice, often found in US cities, might yield spatial heterogeneity in whole-network DDM model parameters and introduce bias that could potentially mislead transit analysts, policy makers, and systemwide effectiveness. We explored and tested these possibilities and considered modelling and policy implications as we leveraged Atlanta’s legacy of racial and income segregation in studying MARTA’s Origin-Destination (O-D) passenger flow patterns. First, a potential synergistic relationship between origin-stations’ and destination-stations’ walking accessibility levels was tested. Disparities, if any, in this and other ridership determinants were then explored between tw

关键词： Public policy

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Assessment of Decontamination and Reuse of Disposable Filter Funnels Used in Microbiological Water Quality Tests

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environmental Health Insights 2021年第15期15卷 11786302211014400页

作者： Zimmer, Camille Cassivi, Alexandra Baía, Celia C Tilley, Elizabeth Bain, Robert Johnston, Richard Dorea, Caetano C Department of Civil Engineering University of Victoria Victoria BC Canada Environment and Regional Development Graduate Program (PGDRA) Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR) Porto Velho Rondônia Brazil Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland The Polytechnic University of Malawi Chichiri Malawi Division of Data Analysis Planning and Monitoring UNICEF New York NY United States Department of Environment Climate Change and Health (ECH) WHO Geneva Switzerland

To monitor safely managed drinking water services, an increasing number of countries have integrated water quality testing for Escherichia coli into nationally-representative household surveys such as the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS). However, plastic waste generated during such water quality testing programs, mostly through the use of pre-sterilized disposable materials, is non-negligible. The objective of this study was to evaluate several re-use protocols for disposable filter funnels used by the MICS water quality test kits. Decontamination and re-use protocols were assessed in centralized laboratory and decentralized field settings and neither yielded positive results. Re-use of 100 mL sterile funnels decontaminated with an alcohol wipe resulted in a higher incidence of false positive results (i.e., positive contamination when processing sterile water), both in the laboratory and field;therefore, a higher proportion of positives tests can be expected if these components are re-used. Further improvements to the decontamination technique and training are needed before material re-use can be reliably adopted. Autoclaving the funnels for re-use is feasible, provided that there is capacity to re-package and distribute funnels in a sterile manner. © The Author(s) 2021.

关键词： Drinking water quality Escherichia coli microbial water testing multiple indicator cluster surveys (MICS) plastics waste

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