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SSRN 2024年

作者： Kang, Taehyeon Kim, Jiho Lee, Hyobi Yum, Haeun Kwon, Chani Lee, Sangryun Lee, Taeyong Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Ewha Womans University Seoul03760 Korea Republic of Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering Ewha Womans University Seoul03760 Korea Republic of Human Performance Lab Co. Ltd. #123a 150 Bugahyeon-ro Seodaemun-gu Seoul03759 Korea Republic of Ewha Womans University Korea Republic of

Recently, there has been a significant increase in the number of foot diseases, highlighting the importance of non-surgical treatments. Customized insoles, tailored to an individual's foot morphology, have emerged as a promising solution. However, the traditional design process of the customized insole is both slow and expensive due to the high computational complexity of finite element analysis (FEA) required to predict deformations of the foot. This study explores the applicability of a graph neural network (GNN) based on the MeshGraphNet framework to predict the 3-D shape of the foot under load and test the performance of GNN depending on the number of datasets. A total of 186 3-D undeformed foot CAD geometries are obtained from a series of 2-D foot images with deformations predicted through FEA. This FEA data is then used to train the GNN model, which aims to predict foot displacement with high accuracy and computation speed. After optimization of the weights of the GNN, the model remarkably outperformed FEA simulations in speed, being approximately 100 times faster, while maintaining high accuracy, with R2 values above 95% in predicting foot displacement. This breakthrough suggests that GNN models can greatly improve the efficiency and reduce the cost of manufacturing customized insoles, providing a significant advancement in non-surgical treatment options for foot conditions. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Forecasting

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Synthetic Data-Empowered Supervised Machine Learning Modeling for a Binary Fracture Risk Assessment from 2D-DXA Analysis

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Choi, Heesun Quagliato, Luca Chung, Yoon-Sok Lee, Taeyong Division of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Ewha Womans University Seoul03760 Korea Republic of Division of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering Ewha Womans University Seoul03760 Korea Republic of Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Ajou University School of Medicine Suwon16499 Korea Republic of

Background and Objectives: Bone fracture risk assessment for osteopenia and osteoporotic patients is essential for the adoption of early countermeasures and avoiding discomfort and hospitalization. Currently employed methodologies, such as FRAX®, provides a risk assessment over a five to ten years period without showing the main variables influencing the prediction nor how they can be targeted in the short term. Thus, a lesser black-box approach where the fracture risk can be assessed in real-time from a commonly employed analysis, id est the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (2D-DXA), would be of help to clinicians and patients alike. Accordingly, this study presents three real-time machine learning (ML) assessment models, with distinct complexity, architectures, and performances, capable of predicting a binary fracture risk based on a femur head-hip joint 2D-DXA scan. Methods: A ~10,000 adult Korean gathered between 2017 and 2021 and composed of ~90% female and ~10% male ranging from 50 to 99 years of age was considered. 10% of the data is relevant to subjects who experienced skeletal fractures, among which 245 cases are femur fractures. The 2D-DXA analyses of the femur head-hip joint region carried out on patients allowed collecting 23 parameters, including the patient’s age, BMI, and gender, associated with one binary variable, defined in terms of non-fracture (NFX) or fracture (FX), to be employed as the training dataset for the three ML models employed and optimized in this research. The 2D-DXA results’ database (DB) was employed to train three ML classifiers with a binary (NFX/FX) output layer, namely the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Deep Neural Network (DNN). To avoid overfitting due to the higher number of NFX data with respect to FX one, two features augmentation techniques based on the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) and Oversample using Adaptive Synthetic (ADASYN) oversamplers were employed. For all

关键词： Fracture

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Developments in the utilization of heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel generation: An update on recent advancements

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Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 2024年

作者： Parameshwar, Sai Agnihotri, Mayank Bhan, Uday Nangan, Senthilkumar Verma, Deepak Rajendran, Saravanan Jain, Siddharth Department of Petroleum Engineering and Earth Sciences UPES Dehradun248007 India Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute Chulalongkorn University Bangkok10330 Thailand International Graduate Program of Nanoscience and Technology Chulalongkorn University Bangkok10330 Thailand Instituto de Alta Investigacion Universidad de Tarapacá Arica1000000 Chile Department of Mechanical Engineering UPES Dehradun248007 India

Background: Biodiesel is one of the ecofriendly energy sources that can be generated from edible, non-edible, waste, and algae feedstocks. Over time, the utilization of different kinds of heterogeneous catalysts has been proven critical in the manufacture of biodiesel from diverse feedstocks. They exhibit better reusability and easier separation compared to the homogenous catalysts. Methods: In this work, the advances in the use of heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production from 2018 to 2024 have been evaluated. The process parameters like alcohol to oil molar ratio (M/O), catalyst concentration (%), reaction time and reaction temperature (RT), reusability of the catalyst, etc. are evaluated. The catalysts derived from waste materials through the calcination process are an efficient and cost-effective substitute for conventional catalysts. Nanomaterials, due to their small size and higher aspect ratio, provide very high efficiency and reusability in catalytic reactions. Significant findings: The heterogeneous catalysts are also found to be highly reusable for multiple cycles and the leaching of active sites, clogging of pore spaces of catalyst, etc. are the major causes of catalyst deactivation. Magnetic heterogeneous catalysts have shown good biodiesel yields and high reusability. Also, naturally occurring calcium oxide and potassium compounds present in waste derived catalysts helped to give high biodiesel yields. The future direction in the path of development of heterogeneous catalysts from cheap, abundant, and environmentally benign materials. The synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts from waste materials addresses the issue of waste disposal and converting solid waste to value-added catalysts. The life cycle assessment studies, encompassing heterogeneous catalyst synthesis, feedstock oil extraction, biodiesel production, and fuel combustion may give valuable input on the environmental impact of the entire process. © 2024

关键词： Potassium compounds

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Real-time temperature correction for magnetoresistive biosensors integrated with temperature modulator

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Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X 2023年 14卷 100356页

作者： Kim, Songeun Wang, Shan X. Lee, Jung-Rok Division of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Ewha Womans University Seoul03760 Korea Republic of Graduate Program in Smart Factory Ewha Womans University Seoul03760 Korea Republic of Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University StanfordCA93405 United States Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford University StanfordCA93405 United States

Magnetoresistance-based biosensors utilize changes in electrical resistance upon varying magnetic fields to measure biological molecules or events involved with magnetic tags. However, electrical resistance fluctuates with temperature. To decouple unwanted temperature-dependent signals from the signal of interest, various methods have been proposed to correct signals from magnetoresistance-based biosensors. Yet, there is still a need for a temperature correction method capable of instantaneously correcting signals from all sensors in an array, as multiple biomarkers need to be detected simultaneously with a group of sensors in a central laboratory or point-of-care setting. Here we report a giant magnetoresistive biosensor system that enables real-time temperature correction for individual sensors using temperature correction coefficients obtained through a temperature sweep generated by an integrated temperature modulator. The algorithm with individual temperature correction coefficients obviously outperformed that using the average temperature correction coefficient. Further, temperature regulation did not eliminate temperature-dependent signals completely. To demonstrate that the method can be used in biomedical applications where large temperature variations are involved, binding kinetics experiments and melting curve analysis were conducted with the temperature correction method. The method successfully removed all temperature-dependent artifacts and thus produced more precise kinetic parameters and melting temperatures of DNA hybrids. © 2023 The Authors

关键词： Kinetics

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Microstructural Effect on the Corrosion Behavior of N- and P-Type Bismuth Tellurides Fabricated by Induction Melting

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SSRN 2023年

作者： El-Makaty, Farah M. Nawaz, Muddasir Shakoor, R. Abdul Hammuda, Abdelmagid Youssef, Khaled M. Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department Qatar University Doha2713 Qatar Qatar University Doha2713 Qatar Materials Science and Technology Graduate Program College of Arts and Sciences Qatar University Doha2713 Qatar

Numerous efforts have been made to understand and enhance the thermoelectric properties of bismuth telluride alloys. However, limited studies have been reported to investigate the corrosion behavior of these alloys and their suitability for industrial applications. This paper examines the corrosion behavior of three different bismuth telluride alloys prepared by induction melting: pristine Bi2Te3, n-type Bi2Te2.55Se0.45, and p-type Bi0.6Sb1.4Te3. The electrochemical response of the samples is tested in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution at room temperature. Potentiodynamic polarization curves (Tafel plots) revealed that the n-type sample formed a passive layer compared to the pristine and the p-type samples, which showed pitting corrosion. The different trends observed in the samples were related to their evolved microstructures, where fingerprint-like features in the pristine and the p-type samples showed high susceptibility to pitting corrosion. In contrast, a unique needle-like microstructure of the n-type samples acted as nucleation sites for passive layer formation causing higher corrosion resistance in this sample. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Microstructure

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Prioritizing Strategies for Building the Resilience of Public Health Systems to disasters Across Multiple Communities and Countries

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International Journal of disaster Risk science 2024年第1期15卷 1-17页

作者： Benjamin J.Ryan Mayumi Kako Shelby Garner Rok Fink Ismail Tayfur Jonathan Abrahams Sanjaya Bhatia Adriana Campelo Matthew Fendt Alicia Fontenot Nahuel Arenas Garcia Tim Hatch Ryoma Kayano LaShonda Malrey‑Horne Makiko MacDermot Md Moshiur Rahman Chaverle Noel Shuhei Nomura Jeremy P.Novak Maria Opazo Kendell Oliver Luciana Peters Sohel Rahman PerihanŞimşek Andrew Stricklin Raymond Swienton Bryan W.Brooks Frist College of Medicine Belmont UniversityNashvilleTN 37212USA Department of Environmental Science Environmental Health Science ProgramCollege of Arts and SciencesBaylor UniversityWacoTX 76798USA Division of Nursing Science School of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshima UniversityHiroshima 734-8553Japan Gordon E.Inman College of Health Sciences and Nursing Belmont UniversityNashvilleTN 37212USA Faculty of Health Sciences University of Ljubljana1000 LjubljanaSlovenia Department of Emergency Medicine University of Health Sciences34668 IstanbulTurkey Monash University Accident Research Center MelbourneVIC 3800Australia Global Education and Training Institute United Nations Ofce for Disaster Risk ReductionIncheon 22004Republic of Korea Regional Ofce for the Americas and Caribbean United Nations Ofce for Disaster Risk ReductionPanama City 0843-03441Panama Engineering and Computer Science Baylor UniversityWacoTX 76798USA Department of Public Health Robbins College of Health and Human SciencesBaylor UniversityWacoTX 76798USA Alabama Department of Public Health MontgomeryAL 36092USA World Health Organization Centre for Health Development(WHO Kobe Centre) Kobe 651-0073Japan Waco-McLennan County Public Health District WacoTX 76707USA Department of Health Policy and Management School of MedicineKeio UniversityTokyo 160-8582Japan Department of Global Health Policy Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyo 113-0033Japan Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research Tokyo 106-6234Japan Global Development College BrisbaneQLD 4000Australia Municipality of Pudahuel 13124 PudahuelChile City Hall of Porto Alegre Porto Alegre 90010-170Brazil Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of the People’s Republic of BangladeshDhaka 1000Bangladesh Department of Emergency Aid and Disaster Management Trabzon University61335 TrabzonTurkey Department of Emergency Medicine UT SouthwesternDallasTX 75390USA

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the urgent need to strengthen public health *** response,the United Nations disaster Risk Reduction(UNDRR) Public Health System Resilience Scorecard(Scorecard) was applied in workshops across multiple *** aim of our research was to explore the workshop findings to develop priority strategies for strengthening public health system *** conducted a workshop from 14 to 16 March 2023,at the UNDRR Global Education and Training Institute in Incheon,Republic of Korea.A sequential modified Delphi method was utilized to develop a set of prioritized resilience *** were drawn from 70 strategies identified from 13 distinct workshops in eight *** two surveys,23 strategies were *** received ratings of "High" or Very High" from89% of *** related to the inclusion of public health risks in emergency plans,integrating multidisciplinary teams into public health,enabling local transport mechanisms,and improving the ability to manage an influx of *** Scorecard provides an adaptable framework to identify and prioritize strategies for strengthening public health system *** leveraging this methodology,our study demonstrated how resilience strategies could inform disaster risk reduction funding,policies,and actions.

关键词： Health system resilience Public policy Resilience scorecard Workshops

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Temporal refraction and reflection in modulated mechanical metabeams: theory and physical observation

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Wang, Shaoyun Shao, Nan Chen, Hui Chen, Jiaji Qian, Honghua Wu, Qian Duan, Huiling Alù, Andrea Huang, Guoliang Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Missouri ColumbiaMO65211 United States Center for Mechanics Plus Under Extreme Environments School of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics Ningbo University Ningbo315211 China Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New YorkNY United States Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York New YorkNY United States Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science College of Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China

Wave reflection and refraction at a time interface follow different conservation laws compared to conventional scattering at a spatial interface. This study presents the experimental demonstration of refraction and reflection of flexural waves across a temporal boundary in a continuum-based mechanical metabeam, and unveils opportunities that emerge by tailoring temporal scattering phenomena for phononic applications. We observe these phenomena in an elastic beam attached to an array of piezoelectric patches that can vary in time the effective elastic properties of the beam. Frequency conversion and phase conjugation are observed upon a single temporal interface. These results are consistent with the temporal Snell’s law and Fresnel equations for temporal interfaces. Further, we illustrate the manipulation of amplitude and frequency spectra of flexural wave temporal refraction and reflection through multi-stepped temporal interfaces. Finally, by implementing a smooth time variation of wave impedance, we numerically and experimentally demonstrate the capabilities of the temporal metabeam to realize waveform morphing and information coding. Our findings lay the foundation for developing time-mechanical metamaterials and time-phononic crystals, offering new avenues for advanced phonon manipulation in both wave amplitude and frequency. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Phonons

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Bacterial Mobility and Motility in Porous Media Mimicked By Microspheres

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Shrestha, Diksha Ou, Jun Rogers, Ariel Jereb, Amani Wang, Yong Department of Physics Cell and Molecular Graduate Program Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Arkansas FayettevilleAR72701 United States Department of Environmental Resources Engineering Mechanical Engineering Program California State Polytechnic University Humboldt ArcataCA95521 United States

Bacterial motion in porous media are essential for their survival, proper functioning, and variousapplications. Here we investigated the motion of Escherichia coli bacteria in microsphere-mimicked porousmedia. We observed reduced bacterial velocity and enhanced directional changes of bacteria as the densityof microspheres increased, while such changes happened mostly around the microspheres and due to thecollisions with the microspheres. More importantly, we established and quantified the correlation betweenthe bacterial trapping in porous media and the geometric confinement imposed by the microspheres. In addition,numerical simulations showed that the active Brownian motion model in the presence of microspheresresulted in bacterial motion that are consistent with the experimental observations. Our study suggested thatit is important to distinguish the ability of bacteria to move easily – bacterial mobility – from the abilityof bacteria to move independently – bacteria motility. Our results showed that bacterial motility remainssimilar in porous media, but bacterial mobility was significantly affected by the pore-scale confinement. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Microspheres

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Deep Brain Optoacoustic Stimulation Enabled by a Multifunctional Fiber-based Optoacoustic Emitter

Deep Brain Optoacoustic Stimulation Enabled by a Multifuncti...

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Optics and the Brain, BRAIN 2022

作者： Zheng, Nan Jiang, Ying Jiang, Shan Li, Yueming Jia, Xiaoting Yang, Chen Cheng, Ji-Xin Division of Materials Science and Engineering Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Graduate Program for Neuroscience Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Photonics Center Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Department of Chemistry BostonMA02215 United States

Optoacoustic neurostimulation is a non-genetic light-mediated technique allows high precise control of neural activities. Here, we combined optoacoustic stimulation and electrophysiological recording to achieve bidire... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171036

关键词： Electrophysiology

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Plasmonic Nanolaser by Silver Nanowire Embedded in CsPbBr3 Quantum Dots

Plasmonic Nanolaser by Silver Nanowire Embedded in CsPbBr3 Q...

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JSAP-OSA Joint Symposia, JSAP 2021

作者： Xing, Di Lin, Cheng-Chieh Won, Phillip Xiang, Rong Chen, Tzu-Pei A. Kamal, A. Syazwan Lee, Yang-Chun Ho, Ya-Lun Maruyama, Shigeo Ko, Seung Hwan Chen, Chun-Wei Delaunay, Jean-Jacques School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Japan International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology National Taiwan University Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering Seoul National University Korea Republic of Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials National Taiwan University Taiwan

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