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Assembly structures of coastal woody species of eastern South America:Patterns and drivers

Plant Diversity 2024年第5期46卷 611-620页

作者： Eduardo Vinícius da Silva Oliveira Myrna Friederichs Landim Sidney F.Gouveia Graduate Program in Ecology and Conservation Federal University of SergipeSão CristovãoSergipeBrazil National Institute of Science and Technology Ecology Evolution and Conservation of Biodiversity(INCT-EECBio)GoiâniaGoiasBrazil Department of Biology Federal University of SergipeSão CristóvãoSergipeBrazil Department of Ecology Federal University of SergipeSão CristóvãoSergipeBrazil

Tropical regions have provided new insights into how ecological communities are *** dry coastal communities,water stress has been hypothesized to determine plant assembly structure by favoring preadapted lineages from neighboring ecosystems,consistent with functional ***,it is unclear whether this hypothesis is sufficient to explain how coastal communities in tropical ecosystems are ***,we test whether water stress or other factors drive community assembly in woody plant communities across the coastal zone of Brazil,a tropical *** characterized functional and phylogenetic structures of these communities and determined the underlying environmental factors(e.g.,water stress,historical climate stability,edaphic constraints,and habitat heterogeneity)that drive their community *** of coastal woody species show geographically varied patterns,including stochastic arrangements,clustering,and overdispersion of species relative to their traits and phylogenetic *** complexity,water vapor pressure,and soil nutrient availability best explained the gradient in the functional *** deficit,water vapor pressure,and soil organic carbon were the best predictors of variation in phylogenetic *** results support the water-stress conservatism hypothesis on functional and phylogenetic structure,as well as the effect of habitat heterogeneity on functional structure and edaphic constraints on functional and phylogenetic *** effects are associated with increased phenotypic and phylogenetic divergence of woody plant assemblages,which is likely mediated by abiotic filtering and niche opportunities,suggesting a complex pattern of ecological assembly.

关键词： Brazil Completeness Clustering Restinga vegetation Water constraints

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Soil depth, rather than altitude, better explains environmental filtering in the high-altitude-adapted Andean Páramos

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Journal of Mountain Science 2025年第06期 2098-2110页

作者： Carlos M.GALVáN-CISNEROS Jessica SARMIENTO-BAUTISTA Luis Roberto SáNCHEZ-MONTA?O José Antonio SIERRA-LEAL Jo?o Augusto Alves MEIRA-NETO Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution of Plants Departamento de Biologia Vegetal Universidade Federal de Vi?osa Botany Graduate Program Universidade Federal de Vi?osa Biodiversity Conservation Foundation – PROBIODIVERSA HECASA Herbarium Departamento de Biología Universidad de Pamplona Natural Sciences Museum “José Celestino Mutis” Departamento de Biología Universidad de Pamplona

Global change threatens mountainous plant communities, causing habitat displacement. Phylogenetic studies reveal evolutionary and ecological processes in community assembly. We examined taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity in Andean Páramos across altitudes. Our hypotheses were that increasing altitude is an environmental filter, as altitude is expected to be a stronger variable than soil depth. The Páramos, alpine vegetation in the Andes, range from 3,000 to 4,700 meters, with our plots spanning 3,200 to 4,100 meters. Sampling was conducted at six altitudinal levels, measuring soil depth, taxonomic, and phylogenetic diversity. Data analysis employed multiple linear regressions and mixed-effects models to assess the effects of soil depth and altitude. We sampled 110 angiosperm species from 70 genera, 30 families, and 18 orders. Asterales and Poales were prominent. Species richness generally decreased with altitude but increased at the summit. Soil depth affected species richness and taxonomic diversity, while altitude did not. Phylogenetic diversity increased with soil depth and decreased with altitude. Phylogenetic turnover increased with altitude differences. The hypothesis that increasing altitude intensifies environmental filtering in the altitudeadapted Páramos resulting in lower species richness and more clustered phylogenetic structures, was rejected. Although species richness, Shannon diversity, and Simpson diversity decreased initially with increasing altitude, this trend was not linear because the summit presented intermediate species richness. The hypothesis that altitude is a stronger explanatory variable than soil depth was also rejected. Despite expectations, taxonomic results did not support altitude as an environmental filter, but soil depth. Greater altitude differences increased beta phylogenetic dissimilarity, supporting niche conservatism.

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Female preferences for male golden snub-nosed monkeys vary with male age and social context

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Current Zoology 2022年第2期68卷 133-142页

作者： Xi YANG Carol M.BERMAN Hanyu Hu Rong Hou Kang HUANG Xiaowei Wang Haitao ZHAO Chengliang WANG Baoguo Li Pei ZHANG Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation College of Life SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi’an 710069China Department of Anthropology and Graduate Program in Evolution Ecology and BehaviorState University of New York at BuffaloNY 14261USA Shaanxi Institute of Zoology Shaanxi Province Academy of SciencesXi'an 710032China

Age is a key factor affecting sexual selection,as many physical and social traits are *** studies of primate mate choice often consider particular age-related traits,few consider the collective effects of male *** tested the hypothesis that female golden snub-nosed monkeys Rhinopithecus roxellana prefer prime aged males(10-15 years)over younger and older *** examined a habituated,provisioned troop during a 3-year study in the Qinling Mountains,*** age males were more likely to be resident males of 1-male units(OMUs)than males of other *** females are free to transfer between OMUs,the number of females per OMU can be indicative of female *** examined the number of females per OMU,and found that it increased with resident male age up to 7-8 years,and declined after 12 years,such that prime age resident males had more females than other resident *** also initiated extra-unit copulations with high-ranking prime age males at significantly higher rates than with other ***,females tended to transfer from OMUs with high-ranking,older resident males to those with low-ranking,younger resident ***,females appear to use different strategies when choosing social mates and extra-unit mates(i.e.,different social contexts).We speculate that females may perceive early signs of aging in males and trade off the benefits and costs of high rank versus male *** study lays the groundwork for future studies that examine possible direct and indirect benefits of such strategies.

关键词： extra-unit copulation female transfer male age mate choice 1-male unit Rhinopithecus roxellana

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Florivory by the occupants of phytotelmata in flower parts can decrease host plant fecundity

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Current Zoology 2022年第1期68卷 69-79页

作者： Caio C.C.MISSAGIA Maria Alice S.ALVES Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolution Universidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroPavilhao Haroldo Lisboa da CunhaSala 224Rua Sao Francisco Xavier524MaracanaRio de Janeiro 20550-013Brazil Department of Ecology Universidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroPavilhao Haroldo Lisboa da CunhaSala 220Rua Sao Francisco Xavier524MaracanaRio de Janeiro 20550-013Brazil

Some types of plant accumulate liquid in their inflorescences creating *** environments protect the flowers against florivory,although they may be colonized by aquatic or semiaquatic florivorous insect larvae,whose effects on the fitness of the plants remain *** tested the hypothesis of floral antagonism by the occupants of phytotelmata,which predicts that florivory by the occupants of the phytotelmata represents a cost to the female fitness of the plant,reducing its *** manipulated experimentally the infestation by 3 florivores larvae species occupants of phytotelmata in inflorescences of Heliconia spathocircinata(Heliconiaceae)to test for negative direct trophic effects on the fecundity of the flowering and fruiting *** found that the foraging of the hoverfly(Syrphidae)and moth(Lepidoptera)larvae in the inflorescences contributed to a decline in the fecundity of the *** the lepidopteran impacted fecundity when foraging in both flowering and fruiting bracts,the syrphid only affected the fruiting bracts,which indicates that the nectar and floral tissue are the principal resource exploited by the *** contrast,soldier fly(Stratiomyidae)had a neutral effect on fecundity,while foraging in flowering or fruiting *** findings corroborate our hypothesis,that herbivory by the larval occupants represents cost to the host plant having *** negative influence of this foraging on plant fecundity will nevertheless depend on the consequences of the exploitation of resources,which vary considerably in ephemeral habitats such as the phytotalmanta of flower parts.

关键词： Atlantic forest Brazil florivory frugivory Heliconia water-held plants

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Influence of environmental factors on reproduction of the invasive Gulf toadfish Opsanus beta (Teleostei: Batrachoididae) in a subtropical estuary

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Discover Environment 2024年第1期2卷 1-12页

作者： de Assis, Thara Santiago Nagata, Jeferson Keiti Evans, Allan Arnold Morimoto, Juliano Fávaro, Luís Fernando Laboratory of Reproduction and Fish Community and Graduate Program in Ecology and Conservation Federal University of Paraná 19031 PR Curitiba 81531-980 Brazil Little Prince Colleges Av. Iguaçu 333—Rebouças PR Curitiba 80230-020 Brazil Institute of Mathematics School of Natural and Computer Sciences University of Aberdeen Fraser Noble Building Aberdeen AB24 3UE United Kingdom Interdisciplinary Institute of Ecology and Evolution (I2E2) Graduate Program in Ecology and Conservation Federal University of Paraná 19031 PR Curitiba 81531-980 Brazil

A hallmark of biological invasion is the rapid reproduction of invasive species. However, we still do not have an adequate understanding of how fluctuations in environmental factors affect the reproduction of invasive species, particularly in estuarine habitats. In this study, we evaluated the reproduction of the Gulf toadfish Opsanus beta and its relationships with temperature and rainfall in the Paranaguá estuary, a subtropical region in southern Brazil. This species was likely introduced into the Brazilian ecosystems through the discharge of ballast water. Since invasion, which was first reported in port areas, the species has rapidly spread along the Brazilian coast line. We collected specimens monthly from October 2011 to September 2012 and from October 2019 to September 2020, to give us insight into the seasonal and temporal changes in the reproduction of this species. We found that O. beta population uses the estuary throughout its life cycle, including during spawning. Females and males spawned throughout almost the entire sampling period and spawning was specified as partially. Peak reproductive activity occurred in periods of lower temperature and was also related to rain. The length of first maturation in females (10cm) was considered early, indicating reproductive activity in smaller individuals. Our results demonstrate that the reproductive strategy used by the invasive species supports its ability to successfully colonize new environments. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Exotic species Histology Reproductive cycle Reproductive tactics

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Necromass Chemistry Interacts with Soil Mineral and Microbial Properties to Determine Fungal Carbon and Nitrogen Persistence in Soils

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Beidler, Katilyn V. Huenupi, Elizabeth DeLancey, Lang C. Maillard, François Zhang, Bowen Persson, Per Kennedy, Peter G. Phillips, Richard P. Department of Biology Indiana University BloomingtonIN47405 United States Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of Minnesota St. PaulMN55108 United States Ecology Evolution and Behavior Graduate Program University of Minnesota St. PaulMN55108 United States Department of Biology Microbial Ecology Group Lund University Sölvegatan 35 LundSE-22362 Sweden Centre for Environmental and Climate Science Faculty of Science Lund University Ecology Building Sölvegatan 37 LundSE-22362 Sweden

Despite fungal necromass being increasingly recognized a major source of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in soils, understanding of how soil mineral and microbial properties interact with initial necromass chemistry to influence its accumulation and persistence remains limited. To track the fate of fungal C and N into mineral associated organic matter (MAOM), we generated dual-labeled 13C and 15N fungal necromass of high and low melanin phenotypes of Hyaloscypha bicolor. Necromass was incubated in live and sterile soils from six forests in Indiana, USA that differed in initial microbial and physiochemical characteristics. At the end of the 38-day incubation, considerably more initial fungal necromass N was incorporated into MAOM relative to necromass C and low melanin necromass contributed more to MAOM-C formation. Though soil iron oxide (FeOx) and clay content were positively correlated with MAOM-C formation from low melanin necromass, initial microbial community composition was the best predictor of MAOM-N formation for both high and low melanin necromass additions. In particular, soils with higher relative abundances of bacterial copiotrophs at the start of the study formed less fungal necromass-derived MAOM-N. We also used synthesized FeOx minerals to investigate how initial necromass chemistry impacts mineral sorption in vitro. We found higher adsorption of amide functionalities for low melanin necromass on goethite minerals after 24 hours. However, 30% less initial necromass-N was converted into MAOM-N in sterile soils regardless of necromass type. When considered together, our results indicate that the microbial synthesis pathway drives fungal necromass-derived MAOM-N formation and that microbial processing limits fungal necromass-derived MAOM-C formation, highlighting the importance of microbial controls on the preservation of fungal-derived SOM in soils. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Soils

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Examining the Potential of Sandy Marine Sediments Surrounding Giant Kelp Forests to Provide Recycled Nutrients for Growth

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Journal of Coastal Research 2023年第3期39卷 442-454页

作者： Heili E. Lowman Mare E. Hirsch Mark A. Brzezinski John M. Melack Department of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 U.S.A. Media Arts and Technology Graduate Program University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 U.S.A. Marine Science Institute University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 U.S.A.

Lowman, H.E.; Hirsch, M.E.; Brzezinski, M.A., and Melack, J.M., 2023. Examining the potential of sandy marine sediments surrounding giant kelp forests to provide recycled nutrients for growth. Journal of Coastal Research, 39(3), 442–454. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN *** marine sediments are biogeochemically active and may contribute dissolved nutrients to support primary production in coastal regions. This study examined the potential of permeable marine sediments near giant kelp forests in the Santa Barbara Channel, California as a source of ammonium (NH4+) to the overlying water column to support the observed growth of kelp during summer months when nitrate availability is low. Several nearshore sites located in coastal California in <20 m water depth were sampled for porewater nutrient concentrations, flushing rates, and nutrient fluxes in addition to diel fluctuations in nutrient concentrations of the overlying water column. Time-series analyses of porewater temperatures indicate that porewater flushed to a depth of 15 cm approximately every two hours, and mean NH4+ concentrations of porewater at these depths was 40 µM. The results of flow-through bioreactor incubations indicate that the top 2 cm of sediment are a net source of dissolved nitrogen to the overlying water column and are capable of supplying from 0.05 to 0.90 mmol NH4+ m–2 day–1. Diel water sampling demonstrates that kelp forests may be exposed to NH4+ concentrations greater than 1 µM for multiple hours (four–eight) over a day. These measured reservoirs and exchange rates of NH4+ suggest sandy marine sediments provide a significant source of nitrogen to the water column and may help meet the nitrogen demand by giant kelp during summer in the Santa Barbara Channel.

关键词： Ammonium nitrogen Porewater remineralization Santa Barbara Channel

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Interspecific dispersal constraints suppress pattern formation in metacommunities

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Lawton, Patrick Fahimipour, Ashkaan K. Anderson, Kurt E. Biophysics Graduate Program University of California RiversideCA United States Department of Biological Sciences Florida Atlantic University Boca RatonFL United States Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences Florida Atlantic University Boca RatonFL United States Department of Evolution Ecology & Organismal Biology University of California RiversideCA United States

Decisions to disperse from a habitat stand out among organismal behaviors as pivotal drivers of ecosystem dynamics across scales. Encounters with other species are an important component of adaptive decision-making in dispersal, resulting in widespread behaviors like tracking resources or avoiding consumers in space. Despite this, metacommunity models often treat dispersal as a function of intraspecific density alone. We show, focusing initially on three-species network motifs, that interspecific dispersal rules generally drive a transition in metacommunities from homogeneous steady states to self-organized heterogeneous spatial patterns. However, when ecologically realistic constraints reflecting adaptive behaviors are imposed — prey tracking and predator avoidance — a pronounced homogenizing effect emerges where spatial pattern formation is suppressed. We demonstrate this effect for each motif by computing master stability functions that separate the contributions of local and spatial interactions to pattern formation. We extend this result to species rich food webs using a random matrix approach, where we find that eventually webs become large enough to override the homogenizing effect of adaptive dispersal behaviors, leading once again to predominately pattern forming dynamics. Our results emphasize the critical role of interspecific dispersal rules in shaping spatial patterns across landscapes, highlighting the need to incorporate adaptive behavioral constraints in efforts to link local species interactions and metacommunity structure. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Decision making

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A New Species of the Genus Achalinus from Huangshan, Anhui, China(Squamata: Xenodermidae)

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Asian Herpetological Research 2021年第2期12卷 178-187页

作者： Ruyi HUANG Lifang PENG Lei YU Tianqi HUANG Ke JIANG Li DING Jinkang CHANG Diancheng YANG Yuhao XU Song HUANG Anhui Province Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resource College of Life SciencesAnhui Normal UniversityWuhu 241000AnhuiChina Shanghai Jlan Qiao University Shanghai 201306China Huangshan Noah Biodiversity Institute Huangshan 245000AnhuiChina Anhui Rare Birds Protection Association Hefei 230601AnhuiChina Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolution Department of EcologyEvolutionand Natural ResourcesRutgersthe State University of New JerseyNew BrunswickNJ 08901USA Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041SichuanChina School of plant protection Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei 230036AnhuiChina School of Life Sciences Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei 230036AnhuiChina

A new species of the genus Achalinus is described based on five specimens collected from the villages of Huangjialing and Fuxi, Huangshan, Anhui, China. It can be morphologically differentia ted from all the other species in Achalinus except for A. spinalis and A. werneri by the presence of a dotted black streak in the middle of the subcaudal. It can be distinguished from A. spinalis in that its two anterior temporals are in contact with eye, and A. werneri by its light brown flanks. The phylogenetic rela tionship of Achalinus was reconstructed using the mitochondrial locus of cytochrome coxidase subunit 1(CO1). The five new specimens form a monophyletic clade with strong support. The uncorrected p-dista nces between the new species and other representatives of Achalinus range from 13.6% to 21.7%. The recognition of the new species increases the number of described Achalinus species to 14.

关键词： Achalinus huang jietangi sp.nov. Huangjialing Village morphology molecular phylogeny taxonomy

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Harmonizing nature's timescales in ecosystem models

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Trends in ecology and evolution 2025年第6期40卷 575-585页

作者： Groner, Vivienne P. Cook, Jacob Orme, C. David L. Amarasekare, Priyanga Comyn-Platt, Edward Rallings, Taran Joshi, Jaideep Ewers, Robert M. Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus Buckhurst Road Ascot SL5 7PY United Kingdom Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA United States European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Shinfield Rd Reading RG2 9AX United Kingdom Centre for Climate Studies Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai 400076 India Advancing Systems Analysis Program International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Laxenburg 2361 Austria Complexity Science and Evolution Unit Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Onna Okinawa 904-0495 Japan

Modeling complex, nonlinear ecosystem processes across different timescales presents a significant challenge. We identify two key issues: selecting a representative timestep that captures interconnected processes across various timescales, and simulating these processes in an appropriate sequence. By synthesizing existing ecosystem frameworks, we find shared compromises between biological realism and computational performance. For the representative timestep, these include ‘selective elimination of timescales’, ‘biting the bullet’, ‘each in their own time’, and ‘capture the unseen’. For processing order, we identify hierarchical, logical, iterative, and random approaches. Similar challenges exist in other disciplines, and we show how transferring methods from multiple fields, along with smarter computing, can improve timescale integration. Overcoming these challenges requires innovative transdisciplinary solutions, and we outline directions for future research. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： ecosystem modeling multiple timescales transdisciplinary challenge

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