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evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews 2024年第1期33卷

作者： Catherine K. Miller Jeremy M. DeSilva Department of Anthropology Dartmouth College Hanover New Hampshire USA Ecology Evolution Ecosystems and Society Graduate Program Dartmouth College Hanover New Hampshire USA Evolutionary Studies Institute University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa

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Experimental drought consistently underestimates productivity responses to natural drought in four Central US grasslands

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Oecologia 2025年第7期207卷 104页

作者： Kathleen V Condon Charles J W Carroll Robert J Griffin-Nolan Ingrid J Slette Kate D Wilkins Melinda D Smith Alan K Knapp Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA. kathleen.condon@colostate.edu. Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA. Department of Biological Sciences California State University Chico Chico CA USA. Department of Ecology Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA. Denver Zoo Conservation Alliance Denver CO USA. Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA.

Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of droughts globally, and grasslands are particularly vulnerable to such hydrological extremes. Drought effects at the ecosystem scale have been assessed both experimentally and through the study of naturally occurring drought, with emerging evidence that the magnitude of drought effects may vary depending on the approach used. We took advantage of a decadal study of four grasslands to directly contrast responses of aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) to simulated vs. natural drought. The grasslands spanned a ~ threefold mean annual precipitation gradient (335-857 mm) and were all subjected to a natural 1-year drought (~ 40% reduction in precipitation from the long-term mean) and a 4 year experimental drought (~ 50% precipitation reduction). We expected that the 4 year drought would reduce ANPP more, and that post-drought recovery would be delayed, compared to the 1-year drought. We found instead that the short-term natural drought reduced ANPP more strongly than the simulated drought in all grasslands (~ 10 to ~ 50%) likely due to the co-occurrence of higher temperatures and vapor pressure deficits with reduced precipitation. Post-drought recovery was site specific and each site differed in their recovery from the natural and experimental droughts. These results align with past analyses that experiments that only manipulate soil moisture likely underestimate the magnitude of natural drought events. However, experiments can provide valuable insight into the relative sensitivity of ecosystems to reduced precipitation and soil moisture, a key aspect of drought.

关键词： ANPP Climate change Drought sensitivity Ecosystem functioning Grasslands Precipitation

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Escape patterns of companion parrots kept in Brazilian Households

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Applied Animal Behaviour Science 2025年 290卷

作者： Rodrigo Mendes Aguiar Cristiano Schetini Azevedo ChalineNicolas Châline Laboratory of Ethology Ecology and Evolution of Social Insects Institute of Psychology University of São Paulo São Paulo SP Brazil Graduate Program in Experimental Psychology Institute of Psychology University of São Paulo São Paulo SP Brazil Department of Biodiversity Evolution and Environment Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences Federal University of Ouro Preto Morro do Cruzeiro Campus s/n Bauxita Ouro Preto MG 35400-000 Brazil

Uncontrolled escapes of pet psittacine birds present significant risks to individual welfare, public health, and local ecosystems. In Brazil, a country with a strong cultural tradition of parrot keeping, such events are frequent and often poorly managed. This study aimed to describe the dynamics of escape, assess preventive strategies, and evaluate recovery efforts following escape events. An online questionnaire collected data from 865 respondents, yielding 1053 individual bird records. A high escape incidence was reported (63.6 %), with most events occurring indoors, often due to open or unscreened windows. Although 67.4 % of birds had undergone wing clipping at some point, 70.6 % of those that escaped had fully regrown feathers at the time of the event. Birds with clipped wings exhibited a significantly higher escape probability (OR = 7.60, 95 % CI [3.33, 18.37]), possibly due to reduced caregiver vigilance. None of the prevention strategies such as window netting or enclosure confinement were fully effective, and escape rates remained high even in households that reported combined efforts. A total of 57.2 % of escaped birds were recovered, most within 12 h. Recovery was more likely when owners engaged in active search methods, while wing clipping and low effort were associated with delayed retrieval. Thirteen percent of recovered birds were found ill, injured, or died shortly after,reinforcing the need to replace restrictive practices with ethical, behaviorally sound alternatives. These findings highlight the urgency of improving husbandry standards, promoting caregiver education, and adopting science-based, welfare-centered strategies for the management of companion psittacines.

关键词： Captivity Escape Psittaciformes Psittacine Recovery Welfare Wing clipping

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A decade of ecological awareness on marine coastal ecosystems: University extension engaging basic education students in Brazil

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Marine pollution bulletin 2025年 219卷

作者： M P Netto P L S Freire G Martins M Augusto R R S Abude R S Cardoso B S Miceli T M B Cabrini Laboratory of Marine Ecology Department of Ecology and Marine Resources Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO) 458 Pasteur Ave. 407 Urca Rio de Janeiro 22240-290 Brazil Graduate Program in Neotropical Biodiversity (PPGBIO) Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO) Brazil. Laboratory of Marine Ecology Department of Ecology and Marine Resources Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO) 458 Pasteur Ave. 407 Urca Rio de Janeiro 22240-290 Brazil. Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolution (PPGEE) Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ) Brazil. Municipal Department of Education of Rio de Janeiro (SME) Brazil. Laboratory of Marine Ecology Department of Ecology and Marine Resources Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO) 458 Pasteur Ave. 407 Urca Rio de Janeiro 22240-290 Brazil. Electronic address: tatiana.cabrini@unirio.br.

Marine coastal ecosystems are home to unique biodiversity, providing vital ecosystem services that support human well-being. However, despite Brazil's extensive 8000 km coastline, these ecosystems are notably absent from the national school curriculum. Given the ocean's ecological importance and threats from overexploitation, pollution, and climate change, it is essential to promote initiatives that raise public environmental awareness for conservation. Here, we present a decade of extension projects based on Environmental Education principles, initiated in 2015. Activities were conducted in public schools in Rio de Janeiro city and benefited 791 students from basic education (K-12), ages 11 to 15. Projects employed a similar didactic sequence, including theoretical lessons, sandy beach field trips, laboratory activities, and recycling workshops. Gamification was included as a tool for coastal environmental education between 2022 and 2024. Evaluations were performed before and after the didactic sequence to assess changes in knowledge regarding coastal ecosystems. The topics covered included basic ecology, anthropogenic impacts, conservation, and public policy. Our results present the positive effects of extension activities based on Environmental Education principles, fostering awareness of biodiversity and anthropogenic impacts among students. Our projects align with Brazilian and international frameworks, such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Ocean Literacy (OL). The importance of extension projects is emphasized, as they play a crucial role in promoting environmental education and bridging the gap between the common population and scientific institutions.

关键词： Coastal ecology Environmental education Ocean literacy Sustainable development goals

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Using authentic science in climate change education

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Applied Environmental Education and Communication 2019年第4期18卷 350-381页

作者： Jordan, Rebecca Sorensen, Amanda E. Shwom, Rachael Robinson, Jennifer Meta Isenhour, Cynthia Gray, Steven Nucci, Mary Ebert-May, Diane Human Ecology and Ecology Evolution and Natural Resources Rutgers University New Brunswick NJ United States Ecology and Evolution Graduate Program Rutgers University New Brunswick NJ United States Department of Anthropology Indiana University Bloomington IN United States Department of Anthropology University of Maine Orono ME United States Community Sustainability and Department of Plant Biology Michigan State University East Lansing MI United States Human Ecology Rutgers University New Brunswick NJ United States

In this article, we argue that engagement with authentic science is a means to mediate trust and motivation in those who are learning about climate change. To illustrate the argument, we provide a curricular example that focuses on authentic climate science data. We conclude with an example of how researchers from multiple disciplines can use model-based reasoning to collaboratively design educational experiences. © 2018, © 2018 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

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Functional vertebrate group diversity differentially impacts vector-borne pathogen transmission and genetic diversity

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Ecosphere 2025年第6期16卷

作者： Marie Lilly Arielle Crews Alexandra Lawrence Jordan Salomon Samantha Sambado Liliana Cerna Kacie Ring Ceili Peng Grace Shaw Shannon Summers Andrea Swei Department of Ecology Evolution and Environmental Biology Columbia University New York New York USA San Mateo County Mosquito and Vector Control District Burlingame California USA Division of Forestry and Natural Resources West Virginia University Morganstown West Virginia USA Department of Entomology Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA Department of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology University of California Santa Barbara California USA Department of Biology San Francisco State University San Francisco California USA Microbiology Graduate Program and Department of Biology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA

Anthropogenic land use change has led to considerable biodiversity loss, affecting ecosystem functions with unresolved consequences for zoonotic disease transmission. Functional diversity is understudied but potentially important for understanding the role of biodiversity because many zoonotic disease systems are maintained by species with different roles in disease transmission. Here, we explore how functional groups and pathogen genetic diversity influence transmission and human disease risk within the Lyme disease system. Our field and molecular ecology study examined ticks and vertebrates across a fragmented landscape and evaluated several metrics of disease risk. For predicting vector and infected vector density, rodent host richness had a positive effect and was most important, but vector infection prevalence was best predicted by rodent and predator richness together, reflecting how indirect effects may alter tick–host interactions and disease risk. These results indicate that examining species richness generally may obscure important interactions driven by richness within functional groups. Pathogen genotype richness was best predicted by overall vertebrate richness, providing support for the multiple niche polymorphism hypothesis. Our study offers an important perspective on the relationship between biodiversity and disease risk, suggesting that richness within functional groups may offer more nuanced insight into pathogen transmission dynamics than overall biodiversity.

关键词： biodiversity community ecology zoonoses

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Corrigendum to “Socio-economic status and occupational mobility of China’s Fishery Population: A quantitative analysis based on social-survey data” [Fish. Res. 285(2025) 107362]

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Fisheries Research 2025年 285卷

作者： Yi Huang Ulf Dieckmann Mikko Heino Coastal and Ocean Management Institute Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China Evolution and Ecology Program & Advancing Systems Analysis Program International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) Schlossplatz 1 Laxenburg A2361 Austria Complexity Science and Evolution Unit Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST) 1919-1 Tancha Onna Kunigami Okinawa 904-0495 Japan Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai) Hayama Kanagawa 240-0193 Japan Department of Biological Sciences University of Bergen Box 7803 Bergen N-5020 Norway Institute of Marine Research Box 1870 Nordnes Bergen N-5817 Norway

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Heterotrophic bacterial diazotrophs are more abundant than their cyanobacterial counterparts in metagenomes covering most of the sunlit ocean (Oct, 10.1038/s41396-021-01135-1, 2021)

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ISME JOURNAL 2022年第4期16卷 1203-1203页

作者： Delmont, Tom O. Pierella Karlusich, Juan Jose Veseli, Iva Fuessel, Jessika Eren, A. Murat Foster, Rachel A. Bowler, Chris Wincker, Patrick Pelletier, Eric Génomique Métabolique Genoscope Institut François Jacob CEA CNRS Univ Evry Université Paris-Saclay 91057 Evry France Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean systems ecology and evolution FR2022/Tara GOsee Paris France Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS) Département de biologie École normale supérieure CNRS INSERM Université PSL 75005 Paris France Graduate Program in Biophysical Sciences University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA Department of Medicine University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA Bay Paul Center Marine Biological Laboratory Woods Hole MA 02543 USA Department of Ecology Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University Stockholm Stockholm 106 91 Sweden

Biological nitrogen fixation contributes significantly to marine primary productivity. The current view depicts few cyanobacterial diazotrophs as the main marine nitrogen fixers. Here, we used 891TaraOceans metagenomes derived from surface waters of five oceans and two seas to generate a manually curated genomic database corresponding to free-living, filamentous, colony-forming, particle-attached, and symbiotic bacterial and archaeal populations. The database provides the genomic content of eight cyanobacterial diazotrophs including a newly discovered population related to known heterocystous symbionts of diatoms, as well as 40 heterotrophic bacterial diazotrophs that considerably expand the known diversity of abundant marine nitrogen fixers. These 48 populations encapsulate 92% of metagenomic signal for knownnifHgenes in the sunlit ocean, suggesting that the genomic characterization of the most abundant marine diazotrophs may be nearing completion. Newly identified heterotrophic bacterial diazotrophs are widespread, express theirnifHgenes in situ, and also occur in large planktonic size fractions where they might form aggregates that provide the low-oxygen microenvironments required for nitrogen fixation. Critically, we found heterotrophic bacterial diazotrophs to be more abundant than cyanobacterial diazotrophs in most metagenomes from the open oceans and seas, emphasizing the importance of a wide range of heterotrophic populations in the marine nitrogen balance.

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A global ecological signal of extinction risk in marine ray-finned fishes (class Actinopterygii)

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Cambridge Prisms: Extinction 2023年 1卷 e25-e25页

作者： Bak, Trevor M. Camp, Richard J. Heim, Noel A. Mccauley, Douglas J. Payne, Jonathan L. Knope, Matthew L. Tropical Conservation Biology and Environmental Science Graduate Program University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo Hilo HI United States U.S. Geological Survey Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center Hawai'i National Park HI United States Department of Earth & Ocean Sciences Tufts University Medford MA United States Department of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology Marine Science Institute University of California Santa Barbara CA United States Department of Geological Sciences Stanford University Stanford CA United States Department of Biology University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo Hilo HI United States

Many marine fish species are experiencing population declines, but their extinction risk profiles are largely understudied in comparison to their terrestrial vertebrate counterparts. Selective extinction of marine fish species may result in rapid alteration of the structure and function of ocean ecosystems. In this study, we compiled an ecological trait dataset for 8,185 species of marine ray-finned fishes (class Actinopterygii) from FishBase and used phylogenetic generalized linear models to examine which ecological traits are associated with increased extinction risk, based on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature Red List. We also assessed which threat types may be driving these species toward greater extinction risk and whether threatened species face a greater average number of threat types than non-threatened species. We found that larger body size and/or fishes with life histories involving movement between marine, brackish, and freshwater environments are associated with elevated extinction risk. Commercial harvesting threatens the greatest number of species, followed by pollution, development, and then climate change. We also found that threatened species, on average, face a significantly greater number of threat types than non-threatened species. These results can be used by resource managers to help address the heightened extinction risk patterns we found. © The Author(s), 2023.

关键词： biodiversity threats body size extinction risk IUCN Red List marine ray-finned fishes

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Leaf nutrients, not specific leaf area, are consistent indicators of elevated nutrient inputs (Mar, 10.1038/s41559-018-0790-1, 2019)

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NATURE ecology & evolution 2020年第6期4卷 886-891页

作者： Firn, Jennifer McGree, James M. Harvey, Eric Flores-Moreno, Habacuc Schuetz, Martin Buckley, Yvonne M. Borer, Elizabeth T. Seabloom, Eric W. La Pierre, Kimberly J. MacDougall, Andrew M. Prober, Suzanne M. Stevens, Carly J. Sullivan, Lauren L. Porter, Erica Ladouceur, Emma Allen, Charlotte Moromizato, Karine H. Morgan, John W. Harpole, W. Stanley Hautier, Yann Eisenhauer, Nico Wright, Justin P. Adler, Peter B. Arnillas, Carlos Alberto Bakker, Jonathan D. Biederman, Lori Broadbent, Arthur A. D. Brown, Cynthia S. Bugalho, Miguel N. Caldeira, Maria C. Cleland, Elsa E. Ebeling, Anne Fay, Philip A. Hagenah, Nicole Kleinhesselink, Andrew R. Mitchell, Rachel Moore, Joslin L. Nogueira, Carla Peri, Pablo Luis Roscher, Christiane Smith, Melinda D. Wragg, Peter D. Risch, Anita C. Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Australia Département de Sciences Biologiques Université de Montréal Montréal Canada Department of Ecology Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul USA Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research Birmensdorf Switzerland School of Natural Sciences Zoology Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Edgewater USA Department of Integrative Biology University of Guelph Guelph Canada CSIRO Land and Water Floreat Australia Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster UK German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig Leipzig Germany Department of Physiological Diversity Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research Leipzig Germany Department of Ecology Environment and Evolution La Trobe University Melbourne Australia Institute of Biology Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany Ecology and Biodiversity Group Department of Biology Utrecht University Utrecht the Netherlands Institute of Biology Leipzig University Leipzig Germany Department of Biology Duke University Durham USA Department of Wildland Resources/Ecology Center Utah State University Logan USA Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences University of Toronto Scarborough Toronto Canada School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of Washington Seattle USA Department of Ecology Evolution and Organismal Biology Iowa State University Ames USA School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Michael Smith Building The University of Manchester Manchester UK Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Colorado State University Fort Collins USA Centre for Applied Ecology (CEABN-InBIO) School of Agriculture University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal Forest Research Centre School of Agriculture University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal Division of Biological Sciences University of California San Dieg

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

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