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Biosensors 2025年第4期15卷 261-261页

作者： Sarubo, Miku Suzuki, Yoka Numazaki, Yuka Kudo, Hiroyuki Electrical Engineering Program Graduate School of Science and Technology Meiji University Kanagawa Kawasaki City214-8571 Japan Department of Electronics and Bioinformatics School of Science and Technology Meiji University Kanagawa Kawasaki City214-8571 Japan

We report an optical immunosensing system for oxytocin (OXT) based on image analysis of color reactions in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We employed a miniaturized optical immunosensing unit that was functionally connected to an LED and a smartphone camera. Our system measures OXT levels using a metric called the RGBscore, which is derived from the red, green, and blue (RGB) information in the captured images. By calculating the RGBscore regressively using the brute-force method, this approach can be applied to smartphones with various CMOS image sensors and firmware. The lower detection limit was determined to be 5.26 pg/mL, and the measurement results showed a higher correlation (r = 0.972) with those obtained from conventional ELISA. These results suggest the potential for its application in a simplified health management system for individuals. © 2025 by the authors.

关键词： Firmware

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Effective Dimension Aware Fractional-Order Stochastic Gradient Descent for Convex Optimization Problems

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Partohaghighi, Mohammad Marcia, Roummel Chen, YangQuan Electrical Engineering and Computer Science graduate program University of California Merced United States Department of Applied Mathematics University of California Merced MercedCA United States Lab Department of Mechanical Engineering School of Engineering University of California MercedCA95343 United States

Fractional-order stochastic gradient descent (FOSGD) leverages a fractional exponent to capture long-memory effects in optimization, yet its practical impact is often constrained by the difficulty of tuning and stabilizing this exponent. In this work, we introduce 2SED Fractional-Order Stochastic Gradient Descent (2SEDFOSGD), a novel method that synergistically combines the Two-Scale Effective Dimension (2SED) algorithm with FOSGD to automatically calibrate the fractional exponent in a data-driven manner. By continuously gauging model sensitivity and effective dimensionality, 2SED dynamically adjusts the exponent to curb erratic oscillations and enhance convergence rates. Theoretically, we demonstrate how this dimension-aware adaptation retains the benefits of fractional memory while averting the sluggish or unstable behaviors frequently observed in naive fractional SGD. Empirical evaluations across multiple benchmarks confirm that our 2SED-driven fractional exponent approach not only converges faster but also achieves more robust final performance, suggesting broad applicability for fractional-order methodologies in large-scale machine learning and related domains. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Convex optimization

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Chiral exceptional point enhanced active tuning and non reciprocity in micro-resonators

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光：科学与应用（英文版） 2025年第2期14卷 401-410页

作者： Hwaseob Lee Lorry Chang Ali Kecebas Dun Mao Yahui Xiao Tiantian Li Andrea Alù Sahin K.Özdemir Tingyi Gu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of DelawareNewarkDelaware 19716USA Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research CenterCity University of New YorkNew YorkNY 10031USA Physics Program Graduate CenterCity University of New YorkNew YorkNY 10016USA Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Saint Louis UniversitySaint LouisMO 63103USA

Exceptional points(EPs)have been extensively explored in mechanical,acoustic,plasmonic,and photonic ***,little is known about the role of EPs in tailoring the dynamic tunability of optical devices.A specific type of EPs known as chiral EPs has recently attracted much attention for controlling the flow of light and for building sensors with better responsivity.A recently demonstrated route to chiral EPs via lithographically defined symmetric Mie scatterers on the rim of resonators has not only provided the much-needed mechanical stability for studying chiral EPs,but also helped reduce losses originating from nanofabrication imperfections,facilitating the in-situ study of chiral EPs and their contribution to the dynamics and tunability of ***,we use asymmetric Mie scatterers to break the rotational symmetry of a microresonator,to demonstrate deterministic thermal tuning across a chiral EP,and to demonstrate EP-mediated chiral optical nonlinear response and efficient electro-optic *** results indicate asymmetric electro-optic modulation with up to 17 dB contrast at GHz and CMOS-compatible voltage *** wafer-scale nano-manufacturing of chiral electro-optic modulators and the chiral EP-tailored tunning may facilitate new micro-resonator functionalities in quantum information processing,electromagnetic wave control,and optical interconnects.

关键词： active point micro chiral enhanced exceptional reciprocity resonators tuning

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Alignment-Free Estimation of Read to Genome Distances and Its Applications

Alignment-Free Estimation of Read to Genome Distances and...

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29th International Conference on Research in Computational Molecular Biology, RECOMB 2025

作者： Şapcı, Ali Osman Berk Mirarab, Siavash Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program UC San Diego San DiegoCA92093 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering UC San Diego San DiegoCA92093 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783031902512

Searching reads from unknown origins in a reference database and finding evolutionarily similar genomes is central to many applications. Quantifying the similarity by estimating the distance between each read and matching references could further help downstream analyses such as taxonomic characterization or even placing the read on a reference phylogeny. Such distances can be computed using alignment. Since alignment becomes impractical for ultra-large reference databases, many use k-mer-based tools for downstream tasks, but these methods do not compute distances. We introduce krepp to compute the distance between a read and a genome using a maximum likelihood framework built around k-mers. We further introduce algorithms to place reads on a reference tree. Empirical evaluations show that krepp accurately estimates distances, scales well with large databases, and can place short reads coming from any part of the genome on a reference phylogeny. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

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Contract-Inspired Contest Theory for Controllable Image Generation in Mobile Edge Metaverse

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Liu, Guangyuan Du, Hongyang Wang, Jiacheng Niyato, Dusit Kim, Dong In College of Computing and Data Science The Energy Research Institute @ NTU Interdisciplinary Graduate Program Nanyang Technological University Singapore Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Hong Kong Hong Kong College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Korea Republic of

The rapid advancement of immersive technologies has propelled the development of the Metaverse, where the convergence of virtual and physical realities necessitates the generation of high-quality, photorealistic images to enhance user experience. However, generating these images, especially through Generative Diffusion Models (GDMs), in mobile edge computing environments presents significant challenges due to the limited computing resources of edge devices and the dynamic nature of wireless networks. This paper proposes a novel framework that integrates contract-inspired contest theory, Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), and GDMs to optimize image generation in these resource-constrained environments. The framework addresses the critical challenges of resource allocation and semantic data transmission quality by incentivizing edge devices to efficiently transmit high-quality semantic data, which is essential for creating realistic and immersive images. The use of contest and contract theory ensures that edge devices are motivated to allocate resources effectively, while DRL dynamically adjusts to network conditions, optimizing the overall image generation process. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach not only improves the quality of generated images but also achieves superior convergence speed and stability compared to traditional methods. This makes the framework particularly effective for optimizing complex resource allocation tasks in mobile edge Metaverse applications, offering enhanced performance and efficiency in creating immersive virtual environments. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Mobile edge computing

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A distributed gain-scheduled observer-based approach for the practical consensus of LPV multi-agent systems

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Automatica 2025年 177卷

作者： Pessim, Paulo Sergio Pereira Coutinho, Pedro Henrique Silva Lacerda, Márcio J. Puig, Vicenç Palhares, Reinaldo Martinez Federal University of Minas Gerais Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Brazil State University of Rio de Janeiro Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Brazil School of Computing and Digital Media London Metropolitan University United Kingdom Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Spain Federal University of Minas Gerais Department of Electronics Engineering Brazil

This paper proposes a distributed gain-scheduled observer-based technique for the practical state consensus of linear parameter-varying (LPV) multi-agent systems (MAS). In the proposed approach, the effects of considering different scheduling parameters for each agent are modeled as an internal disturbance. By applying the concepts of the Lyapunov theory, sufficient conditions are obtained for the design of a gain-scheduled observer-based consensus protocol ensuring that the trajectories of the consensus error converge exponentially to a bounded region, achieving a practical consensus. Numerical experiments illustrate the advantages of the proposed practical consensus over the non-synchronization-based scenario usually obtained when the LPV MAS is subjected to different scheduling parameters. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Distributed control and estimation Multi-agent systems Practical consensus

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Reducing Errors and Powers in LPDDR for DNN Inference: A Compression and IECC-Based Approach

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Journal of Systems Architecture 2025年 163卷

作者： Hong, Jae-Youn Jang, Je-Woo Cho, Sung-Hyuk Kong, Youngbae Kim, Sungkyu Kang, Youngjung Ko, Jaehyung Chung, Jaeyong Yang, Joon-Sung Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Yonsei University Seoul Korea Republic of Memory Division Samsung Electronics Hwaseong Korea Republic of Department of System Semiconductor Engineering Yonsei University Seoul Korea Republic of BK21 Graduate Program in Intelligent Semiconductor Technology Yonsei University Seoul Korea Republic of

In modern edge systems, the demand for data processing, especially for complex DNN tasks, is rapidly increasing. To address this, various compression schemes have been proposed to enable on-device AI while meeting the strict power and storage constraints of edge devices. However, despite these advancements, the compatibility of the compression methods with edge device memory, such as LPDDR, has not been thoroughly investigated. LPDDR operates at low voltage and faces reliability challenges like cell leakage, which is particularly concerning for applications where accuracy is critical, such as Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) or medical devices. To address these reliability concerns, an ECC engine, known as IECC, is employed within each LPDDR bank. While IECC improves reliability, it also incurs performance penalties due to Read-Modify-Write (RMW) operations and parity storage overheads. This paper introduces RELIA, a DNN weight compression scheme with three-stage protection, aimed at enabling power-efficient and reliable DNN operations in mobile environments. RELIA reduces the operation granularity of the IECC engine to eliminate RMW overhead. Additionally, it proposes a SEC-FOEC(72,64) scheme (Single Error Correction-Frequently Occurring Error Correction) that can correct 99.97% of LPDDR errors. To mitigate the added storage overhead, a compression scheme based on DNN weight characteristics is introduced. Experimental results show RELIA outperforms traditional IECC schemes, reducing power by 16.12%, cycles by 12.6%, energy by 30.62%, and storage by 22.78%, while offering superior reliability in DNN inference. © 2025

关键词： Advanced driver assistance systems

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Observation of Photonic Chiral Flatbands

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Physical Review Letters 2025年第10期134卷 103801-103801页

作者： Minho Choi Andrea Alù Arka Majumdar Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New York New York 10031 USA and Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York New York New York 10031 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA and Department of Physics University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA

Distinct selectivity to the spin angular momenta of photons has garnered significant attention in recent years, for its relevance in basic science and for imaging and sensing applications. While nonlocal metasurfaces with strong chiral responses to the incident light have been reported, these responses are typically limited to a narrow range of incident angles. In this study, we demonstrate a nonlocal metasurface that showcases strong chirality, characterized by circular dichroism (∼0.6), over a wide range of incident angles ±5°. Its quality factor, circular dichroism and resonant frequency can be optimized by design. These findings pave the way to further advance the development of valley-selective optical cavities and augmented reality applications.

关键词： Natural frequencies

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Quantifying White Matter Hyperintensities: Predicting Periventricular Fazekas Scores with Uncertainty Estimation

Quantifying White Matter Hyperintensities: Predicting Perive...

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IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging

作者： Susanne Schmid Amirmohammed Shamaei Roberto Souza Richard Frayne Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program University of Calgary Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary Seaman Family MR Research Centre Foothills Medical Centre Calgary AB Canada Electrical and Software Engineering University of Calgary Radiology University of Calgary Clinical Neurosciences University of Calgary

ISBN: (数字)9798331520526

ISBN: (纸本)9798331520533

White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are crucial markers in brain magnetic resonance (MR) images, often quantified using the Fazekas score. This study presents a deep learning model to predict Fazekas scores in the periventricular region from T1-weighted and FLAIR images. Our model achieved a Matthew correlation coefficient of 0.68 and F1 scores of 0.69, 0.88, 0.86, and 1.0 for Fazekas scores from 0 to 3, respectively, surpassing previous methods. We introduce a novel integration of t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) with uncertainty analysis using Monte Carlo dropout, offering insights into the model's decision-making. Results show effective class distinction, with increased uncertainty at class transitions indicating ambiguity, and confident misclassified cases suggesting overlapping features or label noise. These findings highlight that simple, well-tuned models, coupled with interpretability techniques, can provide robust predictions of WMH severity.

关键词： Deep learning Uncertainty Monte Carlo methods Noise Stochastic processes Magnetic resonance Estimation Predictive models Brain modeling White matter

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Jitter Due to Random Telegraph Noise in Voltage-Controlled Oscillators Based on Ring Oscillators

Jitter Due to Random Telegraph Noise in Voltage-Controlled O...

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IEEE Latin American Symposium on Circuits and Systems (LASCAS)

作者： Caroline P. Garcia Bernardo Lourosa Gilson I. Wirth Graduate Program in Microelectronics (PGMicro) Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil Electrical Engineering Department (DELET) Universida de Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9798331522124

ISBN: (纸本)9798331522131

As transistors dimensions shrink to nanometer sizes, the variability of their electrical parameters becomes a significant factor in the performance of integrated circuits. Random Telegraph Noise (RTN) is a time-dependent variability that changes the drain current (or threshold voltage) of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) from one instant in time to the other, leading to jitter in oscillating circuits, such as ring and voltage-controlled (VCO) oscillators. This work evaluates the time-domain jitter caused by the RTN in a capacitive and a current-controlled ring oscillator-based VCO. Different concepts of jitter (absolute jitter, period jitter, and cycle-to-cycle jitter) are studied, focusing on the influence of time window sizes on the jitter amplitude. Monte Carlo simulations are employed for both oscillators, considering a modified SPICE simulator to properly include the RTN impact on the threshold voltage of the transistors.

关键词： Ring oscillators Monte Carlo methods Voltage-controlled oscillators Noise Jitter SPICE Threshold voltage Transistors Autocorrelation Time-domain analysis

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