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Adaptive Input Sampling: A Novel Approach for Efficient Object Detection in High Resolution Traffic Monitoring Images

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 73003-73021页

作者： Gebre, Tewodros Syum Wasehun, Eden Tsehaye Dorbu, Freda Elikem Agboola, Gazali Oluwasegun Hashemi-Beni, Leila Karimoddini, Ali NC AandT State University Applied Science and Technology Program GreensboroNC United States NC AandT State University Department of Computational Data Science and Engineering GreensboroNC United States NC AandT State University Geomatics Program Department of Built Environment GreensboroNC United States NC AandT State University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering GreensboroNC United States

Real-time traffic monitoring is crucial for efficient transportation management, but it poses significant computational challenges, particularly when dealing with high-resolution videos. Most modern traffic monitoring systems employ object detection models followed by object tracking models, which require processing every frame of the video footage to detect and track vehicles. However, even efficient object detection models are computationally expensive, making it difficult to process high-resolution videos in real-time. To address this challenge, we introduce an Adaptive Input Sampler (AIS) as a preprocessing module that selectively activates the object detector only when vehicles are present in the scene. The AIS targets the area of the frame where vehicles are detected and samples that area without compressing the sample, thereby reducing the computational load on the object detector. By doing so, the AIS enables significant computational savings, especially when fewor no vehicles are present in the monitored scene. Our experiments demonstrate that the AIS achieves 96.40% traffic counting accuracy and 95.60% classification accuracy, while reducing the data size for analysis by up to 79.00%. AIS presents a promising solution to optimize the volume of input data in traffic monitoring applications, improve computational efficiency, and speed up inference results. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Footage counters

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A General Framework for Clustering and Distribution Matching with Bandit Feedback

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IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 2025年第3期71卷 2116-2139页

作者： Yavas, Recep Can Huang, Yuqi Tan, Vincent Y. F. Scarlett, Jonathan CNRS@CREATE DesCartes Program CREATE Tower 138602 Singapore National University of Singapore Department of Computer Science Queenstown119077 Singapore National University of Singapore School of Computing Department of Information Systems and Analytics Queenstown119077 Singapore National University of Singapore Department of Mathematics Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Queenstown119077 Singapore Institute of Data Science National University of Singapore Department of Computer Science The Department of Mathematics Queenstown119077 Singapore

We develop a general framework for clustering and distribution matching problems with bandit feedback. We consider a K-armed bandit model where some subset of K arms is partitioned into M groups. Within each group, the random variable associated to each arm follows the same distribution on a finite alphabet. At each time step, the decision maker pulls an arm and observes its outcome from the random variable associated to that arm. Subsequent arm pulls depend on the history of arm pulls and their outcomes. The decision maker has no knowledge of the distributions of the arms or the underlying partitions. The task is to devise an online algorithm to learn the underlying partition of arms with the least number of arm pulls on average and with an error probability not exceeding a pre-determined value δ. Several existing problems fall under our general framework, including finding M pairs of arms, odd arm identification, and N-ary clustering of K arms belong to our general framework. We derive a non-asymptotic lower bound on the average number of arm pulls for any online algorithm with an error probability not exceeding δ. Furthermore, we develop a computationally-efficient online algorithm based on the Track-and-Stop method and Frank-Wolfe algorithm, and show that the average number of arm pulls of our algorithm asymptotically matches that of the lower bound. Our refined analysis also uncovers a novel bound on the speed at which the average number of arm pulls of our algorithm converges to the fundamental limit as δ vanishes. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Random variables

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Offsets Reconstruction Method for Clock Skew Measurement Over High-Jitter Communication

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SN computer science 2025年第5期6卷 1-14页

作者： Sastra, Nyoman Putra Saputra, Komang Oka Teng, Wei-Chung Study Program of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Udayana University Jalan Raya Kampus Bukit Jimbaran Bali Badung 80361 Indonesia Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology No. 43 Section 4 Keelung Rd Taipei 106 China

Measuring clock skew of devices over a network fully relies on the offsets, the differences between sending and receiving times. Offsets that shape a thick line are the most ideal one as their slope is directly the clock skew sought. When some outliers separate from the thick line due to higher delay jitter, current advanced approaches use the lower bound or the majority of offsets to derive accurate clock skew. However, outliers in offsets that shape parallel dotted lines, reduce the availability of offsets in the lower region, and scatter widely the offsets from their majority zone. These conditions drive the current skew estimation approaches to lose their accuracy. This paper then developed a new method, which reconstructs back the outliers into their origin positions, in order to provide ideal offsets for clock skew measurement. The experimental evaluations have demonstrated that the clock skew accuracy of dotted-lines offsets tampered by outliers was improved from 2.1 to 0.9 ppm by the proposed reconstruction method. For a broader purpose, the reconstruction method has been adjusted to be implemented also on non-dotted-lines offsets. The robustness of the proposed method for this case has also been exhibited by the very ideal reconstructed offsets that shape like a thick line. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Clock skew Delay jitter Dotted lines Hough transform

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Protecting Your Attention during Distributed Graph Learning: Efficient Privacy-Preserving Federated Graph Attention Network

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IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 2025年 20卷 1949-1964页

作者： Zhou, Jinhao Wu, Jun Ni, Jianbing Wang, Yuntao Pan, Yanghe Su, Zhou Waseda University Graduate School of Information Production and Systems Fukuoka808-0135 Japan Queen's University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering KingstonONK7L 3N6 Canada Xi'An Jiaotong University School of Cyber Science and Engineering Xi'an710049 China

Federated graph attention networks (FGATs) are gaining prominence for enabling collaborative and privacy-preserving graph model training. The attention mechanisms in FGATs enhance the focus on crucial graph features for improved graph representation learning while maintaining data decentralization. However, these mechanisms inherently process sensitive information, which is vulnerable to privacy threats like graph reconstruction and attribute inference. Additionally, their role in assigning varying and changing importance to nodes challenges traditional privacy methods to balance privacy and utility across varied node sensitivities effectively. Our study fills this gap by proposing an efficient privacy-preserving FGAT (PFGAT). We present an attention-based dynamic differential privacy (DP) approach via an improved multiplication triplet (IMT). Specifically, we first propose an IMT mechanism that leverages a reusable triplet generation method to efficiently and securely compute the attention mechanism. Second, we employ an attention-based privacy budget that dynamically adjusts privacy levels according to node data significance, optimizing the privacy-utility trade-off. Third, the proposed hybrid neighbor aggregation algorithm tailors DP mechanisms according to the unique characteristics of neighbor nodes, thereby mitigating the adverse impact of DP on graph attention network (GAT) utility. Extensive experiments on benchmarking datasets confirm that PFGAT maintains high efficiency and ensures robust privacy protection against potential threats. © IEEE.

关键词： Differential privacy

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Fabrication and characterization of Aluminum-doped ZnO nanorods for biosensor applications

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2025年第10期25卷 16648-16657页

作者： Chou, Hsin-Yu Chen, Yu-Wei Yu, Chang-Tze Ricky Chen, Jo-Mei Maureen Chiang, Wei-Hsiang Singh, Anoop Kumar Kung, Po-Kai Chiang, Jung-Lung Wuu, Dong-Sing National Chung Hsing University Department of Materials Science and Engineering Taichung40227 Taiwan National Chi-Nan University Department of Applied Chemistry Nantou54561 Taiwan National Chi Nan University Department of Applied Materials and Optoelectronic Engineering Nantou54561 Taiwan National Chin-Yi University of Technology Graduate Institute Prospective Technology of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Taichung411030 Taiwan

In this study, we prepared various aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) surface structures via chemical bath deposition for use in biomedical sensors. Indium tin oxide (ITO) conductive films were deposited on glass substrates via electron beam evaporation, and AZO nanorods were subsequently grown on the ITO layer using chemical bath deposition at a bath temperature of 90°C. The AZO/ITO sensor electrode was further optimized through furnace annealing, improving its structural and electrical properties. This nanostructure enhances the ability of biomedical sensor films to adsorb H+ and OH- ions by increasing the reactive surface area between the film and the solution under test, thereby improving pH sensitivity. In addition, we used an extended gate field effect transistor module to measure glucose concentrations ranging from 0 to 10 mg/ml, achieving sensitivity values of 55.4 mV/pH and 8.07 mA/mg*ml-1. These findings have significant implications for the future development of blood glucose monitoring and microenvironmental sensing systems. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Nanorods

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Positioning Control for Voice Coil Motor Using Unbalanced Multilevel Inverter Topology

Positioning Control for Voice Coil Motor Using Unbalanced Mu...

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2025 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics, ICM 2025

作者： Takei, Gaku Obara, Hidemine Haneda, Ryo Nozaki, Takahiro Graduate School of Science and Technology Keio University Yokohama Japan Yokohama National University Department of Physics Electrical and Computer Engineering Yokohama Japan Keio University Department of System Design Engineering Yokohama Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798331533892

This article proposes a new multi-level inverter (MLI) based on flying capacitor inverter (FCI), with focused on high-precision positioning control for a voice coil motor (VCM). Multi-level inverters (MLIs) have the characteristic that increasing the number of output voltage levels reduces the output voltage error. However, as the number of levels increases, the number of circuit elements increases, and the circuit becomes more complex. In addition, the output voltage amplitude for each level is constant in conventional inverters. As a result, such as high-precision positioning control of VCM, designing an appropriate inverter for a reference wave that contains a large amount of low-voltage components increases the number of circuit elements. Therefore, this paper proposes a MLI with two unbalanced dc-input voltages, referred to as unbalanced MLIs (UMLIs) hereinafter. This topology uses two different dc-input voltages, and it is possible to reduce the output voltage level in extremely low-voltage range compared to other voltage levels. Simulation results when the high-precision positioning control of the VCM confirm that the proposed UMLIs improves the control performance compared to the conventional FCIs with equal number of output voltage levels and uniform level widths. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： motion control Multi-level inverter voice coil motor

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InGaZnO4 and In2O3 Mobility Trend: The Role of Structural Disorder from Amorphous to Crystalline States

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ACS Materials Letters 2025年 2024-2030页

作者： Jang, Hyeongjun Kim, Taehyun Lee, Wonsok Cho, Minhee Ha, Daewon Alam, Muhammad A. Ye, Peide D. Jeong, Changwook Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology Ulsan44919 Korea Republic of Advanced Device Research Lab Semiconductor R&D Center Samsung Electronics Suwon16677 Korea Republic of School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States

This study investigates the mobility trends of indium-gallium-zinc oxide (IGZO) thin-film transistors over a wide range of fabrication conditions, from amorphous to crystalline phases. By utilizing machine learning potential (MLP) to generate 70 distinct IGZO structures, we analyze electron mobility while taking into account structural disorder and electron scattering mechanisms. Our findings reveal that mobility peaks at the transition from amorphous to nanocrystalline phases, and then, as more ordered, crystalline structures emerge, the mobility decreases sharply due to the distortion of polyhedron of indium-oxygen in well-ordered regions. These results offer critical insights into optimizing the fabrication conditions for high-performance IGZO devices by identifying the ideal structural phase for achieving maximum mobility. © 2025 American Chemical Society.

关键词： Electron scattering

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Domain Aware Multi-task Pretraining of 3D Swin Transformer for T1-Weighted Brain MRI 17th

Domain Aware Multi-task Pretraining of 3D Swin Transformer ...

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17th Asian Conference on computer Vision, ACCV 2024

作者： Kim, Jonghun Kim, Mansu Park, Hyunjin Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Korea Republic of Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research Institute for Basic Science Suwon Korea Republic of AI Graduate School Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Gwangju Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9789819609000

The scarcity of annotated medical images is a major bottleneck in developing learning models for medical image analysis. Hence, recent studies have focused on pretrained models with fewer annotation requirements that can be fine-tuned for various downstream tasks. However, existing approaches are mainly 3D adaptions of 2D approaches ill-suited for 3D medical imaging data. Motivated by this gap, we propose novel domain-aware multi-task learning tasks to pretrain a 3D Swin Transformer for brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Our method considers the domain knowledge in brain MRI by incorporating brain anatomy and morphology as well as standard pretext tasks adapted for 3D imaging in a contrastive learning setting. We pretrain our model using large-scale brain MRI data of 13,687 samples spanning several large-scale databases. Our method outperforms existing supervised and self-supervised methods in three downstream tasks of Alzheimer’s disease classification, Parkinson’s disease classification, and age prediction tasks. The ablation study of the proposed pretext tasks shows the effectiveness of our pretext tasks. Our code is available at ***/jongdory/DAMT. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Neurodegenerative diseases

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MOCBOA:Multi-Objective Chef-Based Optimization Algorithm Using Hybrid Dominance Relations for Solving engineering Design Problems

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computer Modeling in engineering & sciences 2025年第4期143卷 967-1008页

作者： Nour Elhouda Chalabi Abdelouahab Attia Abdulaziz S.Almazyad Ali Wagdy Mohamed Frank Werner Pradeep Jangir Mohammad Shokouhifar Computer Science Department University of M’silaIchebiliaM’sila28000Algeria Computer ScienceDepartment Mohamed El Bachir El IbrahimiUniversity of Bordj BouArreridjBordj BouArreridj34000Algeria Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11543Saudi Arabia Operations Research Department Faculty of Graduate Studies for Statistical ResearchCairo UniversityGiza12613Egypt Applied Science Research Center Applied Science Private UniversityAmman11931Jordan Faculty of Mathematics Otto-von-Guericke UniversityMagdeburg39016Germany University Centre for Research and Development Chandigarh UniversityMohali140413India Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Shahid Beheshti UniversityTehran14399Iran DTU AI and Data Science Hub(DAIDASH) Duy Tan UniversityDa Nang550000Vietnam

Multi-objective optimization is critical for problem-solving in engineering,economics,and *** study introduces the Multi-Objective Chef-Based Optimization Algorithm(MOCBOA),an upgraded version of the Chef-Based Optimization Algorithm(CBOA)that addresses distinct *** approach is unique in systematically examining four dominance relations—Pareto,Epsilon,Cone-epsilon,and Strengthened dominance—to evaluate their influence on sustaining solution variety and driving convergence toward the Pareto *** comparison investigation,which was conducted on fifty test problems from the CEC 2021 benchmark and applied to areas such as chemical engineering,mechanical design,and power systems,reveals that the dominance approach used has a considerable impact on the key optimization measures such as the hypervolume *** paper provides a solid foundation for determining themost effective dominance approach and significant insights for both theoretical research and practical applications in multi-objective optimization.

关键词： Multi-objective optimization chef-based optimization algorithm(CBOA) pareto dominance epsilon dominance cone-epsilon dominance strengthened dominance

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Modeling of UV NLoS Communication Channels: From Atmospheric Scattering and Obstacle Reflection Perspectives

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IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 2025年第5期43卷 1590-1606页

作者： Wu, Tianfeng Yang, Fang Cao, Tian Cheng, Ling Chen, Yupeng Song, Jian Cheng, Julian Han, Zhu Department of Electronic Engineering Beijing100084 China Xidian University School of Telecommunications Engineering Xi'an710071 China University of the Witwatersrand School of Electrical and Information Engineering Johannesburg2000 South Africa Southern University of Science and Technology School of Microelectronics Shenzhen518055 China Tsinghua University Department of Electronic Engineering Beijing100084 China Tsinghua University Shenzhen International Graduate School Shenzhen518055 China The University of British Columbia School of Engineering KelownaBCV1V 1V7 Canada University of Houston Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering HoustonTX77004 United States Kyung Hee University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Seoul446-701 Korea Republic of

As transceiver elevation angles increase from small to large, existing ultraviolet (UV) non-line-of-sight (NLoS) models encounter two challenges: i) cannot estimate the channel characteristics of UV NLoS communication scenarios when there exists an obstacle in the overlap volume between the transmitter beam and the receiver field-of-view (FoV), and ii) cannot evaluate the channel path loss for the wide beam and wide FoV scenarios with existing simplified single-scattering path loss models. To address these challenges, a UV NLoS scattering model incorporating an obstacle was investigated, where the obstacle's orientation angle, coordinates, and geometric dimensions were taken into account to approach actual application environments. Then, a UV NLoS reflection model was developed combined with specific geometric diagrams. Further, a simplified single-scattering path loss model was proposed with a closed-form expression. Finally, the proposed models were validated by comparing them with the Monte-Carlo photon-tracing model, the exact single-scattering model, and the latest simplified single-scattering model. Numerical results show that the path loss curves obtained by the proposed models agree well with those attained by related NLoS models under identical parameter settings, and avoiding obstacles is not always a good option for UV NLoS communications. Moreover, the accuracy of the proposed simplified model is superior to that of the existing simplified model for all kinds of transceiver FoV angles. © 1983-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Radio transceivers

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