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FDAM: Filter-Dedicated Approximate Multiplier Design for Real-Time CNN Acceleration

IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 2025年

作者： Nguyen, Kihwan Kim Xuan Truong Jeon, Dongsuk Lee, Hyuk-Jae Korea Republic of program Department of Electrical Engineering Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center Seoul National University Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology Research Institute for Convergence Science Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul08826 Korea Republic of

Video super-resolution (VSR) is widely used in various high-definition applications, such as HDTVs and smartphones, requiring a dedicated upscaling technique for realtime full-HD generation. To reduce on-chip buffers for largesize output feature maps, a streaming VSR accelerator may employ an output stationary dataflow, leading to a large energy consumption caused by frequent filter switching. To mitigate this, we introduce a new filter-dedicated multiplier design for realtime VSR acceleration. We replace costly multipliers with adders, shifters, and multiplexers (MUXes), referred to as unified multiple constant multiplications (UMCM). The conventional UMCM, however, may incur considerable area/power overhead due to the unified topology constraint among different filter sets. To address this problem, we propose a new approximated MCM (AMCM) problem to relax the constraint and an approximate compatible graph synthesis (A-CGS) framework to efficiently solve AMCM by jointly searching for approximated filters and constructing a unified graph. Additionally, we suggest a lightweight finetuning method by freezing approximated filters and only finetuning biases, which can recover the original model’s accuracy within a few epochs. Experimental results with synthetic data demonstrate that AMCM reduces the area by up to 49.8%, 44.8%, and 40.3% when considering constant sets of 2, 4, and 8, respectively. Our designs with SR application achieve up to a 73.3% reduction in energy consumption. Experiments with the Set5 and Set14 datasets show that our model with bias correction achieves similar restoration performance compared to the eightbit models. © 1982-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Acceleration

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TEMPORAL COHERENT TEST-TIME OPTIMIZATION FOR ROBUST VIDEO CLASSIFICATION

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Yi, Chenyu Yang, Siyuan Wang, Yufei Li, Haoliang Tan, Yap-Peng Kot, Alex C. School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme Nanyang Technological University Singapore Department of Electrical Engineering City University of Hong Kong China

Deep neural networks are likely to fail when the test data is corrupted in real-world deployment (e.g., blur, weather, etc.). Test-time optimization is an effective way that adapts models to generalize to corrupted data during testing, which has been shown in the image domain. However, the techniques for improving video classification corruption robustness remain few. In this work, we propose a Temporal Coherent Test-time Optimization framework (TeCo) to utilize spatio-temporal information in test-time optimization for robust video classification. To exploit information in video with self-supervised learning, TeCo minimizes the entropy of the prediction based on the global content from video clips. Meanwhile, it also feeds local content to regularize the temporal coherence at the feature level. TeCo retains the generalization ability of various video classification models and achieves significant improvements in corruption robustness across Mini Kinetics-C and Mini SSV2-C. Furthermore, TeCo sets a new baseline in video classification corruption robustness via test-time optimization. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Crime

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Improving electrically Evoked Compound Action Potential Based on electrical Field Imaging and Electrode Interfaces

Improving Electrically Evoked Compound Action Potential Base...

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IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation

作者： Charles T.M. Choi Chun Ting Ke Jelani Lawrence Alexander C. C. Wang Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering College of Electrical & Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Institute of Electrical and Control Engineering College of Electrical & Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Institute of Biomedical Engineering College of Electrical & Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Electrical Engineering & Computer Science International Graduate Program College of Electrical & Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan

ISBN: (数字)9798350348958

ISBN: (纸本)9798350348965

The electrically evoked compound action potential (ECAP) has been used in various clinical studies and has become a key physiological signal for cochlear implants (CI). This study used four sensing electrodes to record ECAP signals based on the alternating polarity approach. An electrical field imaging (EFI) result based on the finite element method was used to obtain the interface impedance, then ECAP simulation results were computed and compared with a patient's clinical ECAP measurements. Preliminary modeling results show that the interface impedance obtained by this EFI-based technique can improve the simulation accuracy of the ECAP model. The ECAP modeling result will be compared with clinical ECAP measurements to validate the model in the full paper.

关键词： Electrodes Action potentials Impedance measurement Computational modeling Simulation Imaging Finite element analysis

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Optimizing 3D Clothing Models for VR: A Deep Learning Approach to Triangle Count Reduction

Optimizing 3D Clothing Models for VR: A Deep Learning Approa...

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IEEE International Conference on Consumer electronics-Taiwan (ICCE-TW)

作者： Surasachai Doungtap Varinya Phanichraksaphong Jenq-Haur Wang International Graduate Program of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (数字)9798350386844

ISBN: (纸本)9798350386851

This study presents a deep learning framework optimizing 3D clothing models for VR, using a CNN to significantly reduce the triangle count of models from DeepFashion3D and CAP-UDF datasets. Achieving a balance between efficiency and detail, it cuts triangle count from over 160,000 to below 4,000, maintaining high DPI. The approach automates optimization, promising scalability and efficiency in VR fashion, setting a foundation for future 3D content development, enhancing virtual garment realism and interactivity.

关键词： Deep learning Solid modeling Three-dimensional displays Scalability Clothing Optimization Consumer electronics

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Variable-Magnetization IPM Motor for EVs with High Performance and Magnet Volume Reduction

Variable-Magnetization IPM Motor for EVs with High Performan...

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2022 International Conference on electrical Machines, ICEM 2022

作者： Suzuki, Wataru Sakai, Kazuto Toyo University Graduate School of Science and Engineering Electricity Electronics and Communications 2100 Kujirai Saitama Kawagoe350-8585 Japan Toyo University Department of Electrical Electronic and Communication Engineering 2100 Kujirai Saitama Kawagoe350-8585 Japan

ISBN: (数字)9781665414326

ISBN: (纸本)9781665414326

We have developed a variable-magnetization interior permanent magnet (VM-IPM) motors for electric vehicles (EVs) that can vary the magnetization of a permanent magnet (PM) to operate at high efficiency over a wide speed range. However, there is a concern that the variable magnetization of PM enabled by a low magnetization current isn't compatible with high power. Furthermore, the reduction of a rare earth PM is required for the mass production of EVs. In this paper, we have proposed a high-power VM-IPM with a reduced PM volume capable of varying a small magnetization current. Our results confirm that the proposed VM-IPM motor with a reduced PM volume achieves a higher efficiency over a wide speed range than the target motor. In addition, the proposed VM-IPM motor can vary the magnetization state of PMs by applying the demagnetization and remagnetization current twice the rated current. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Energy efficiency

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Advancing electrochemical impedance analysis through innovations in the distribution of relaxation times method

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Joule 2024年第7期8卷 1958-1981页

作者： Maradesa, Adeleke Py, Baptiste Huang, Jake Lu, Yang Iurilli, Pietro Mrozinski, Aleksander Law, Ho Mei Wang, Yuhao Wang, Zilong Li, Jingwei Xu, Shengjun Meyer, Quentin Liu, Jiapeng Brivio, Claudio Gavrilyuk, Alexander Kobayashi, Kiyoshi Bertei, Antonio Williams, Nicholas J. Zhao, Chuan Danzer, Michael Zic, Mark Wu, Phillip Yrjänä, Ville Pereverzyev, Sergei Chen, Yuhui Weber, André Kalinin, Sergei V. Schmidt, Jan Philipp Tsur, Yoed Boukamp, Bernard A. Zhang, Qiang Gaberšček, Miran O'Hayre, Ryan Ciucci, Francesco Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Colorado School of Mines Golden80401 United States Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China Green Energy Storage Trento38123 Italy Department of Manufacturing and Production Engineering Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology Institute of Machine and Materials Technology Gdańsk University of Technology Gdańsk Poland Electrode Design for Electrochemical Energy Systems University of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany School of Chemistry University of New South Wales Sydney Australia School of Advanced Energy Sun Yat-Sen University Shenzhen China Sustainable Energy Center CSEM Neuchâtel2002 Switzerland Interdisciplinary Faculty of Science and Engineering Shimane University Matsue Japan Centre for Electronic and Optical Materials National Institute for Materials Science Tsukuba Japan Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering University of Pisa Pisa Italy Department of Materials Imperial College London Exhibition Road LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge02139 United States Electrical Energy Systems University of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany Ruder Boskovic Institute Zagreb Croatia Department of Materials and Minerals Resources Engineering National Taipei University Taipei Taiwan Finland Johann Radon Institute for Computational and Applied Mathematics Linz Austria School of Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech. University Nanjing China Karlsruhe Germany Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN37996 United States Physical Science Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory RichlandWA99354 United States Systems Engineering for Electrical Energy Storage University of B

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is widely used in electrochemistry, energy sciences, biology, and beyond. Analyzing EIS data is crucial, but it often poses challenges because of the numerous possible equivalent circuit models, the need for accurate analytical models, the difficulties of nonlinear regression, and the necessity of managing large datasets within a unified framework. To overcome these challenges, non-parametric models, such as the distribution of relaxation times (DRT, also known as the distribution function of relaxation times, DFRT), have emerged as promising tools for EIS analysis. For example, the DRT can be used to generate equivalent circuit models, initialize regression parameters, provide a time-domain representation of EIS spectra, and identify electrochemical processes. However, mastering the DRT method poses challenges as it requires mathematical and programming proficiency, which may extend beyond experimentalists’ usual expertise. Post-inversion analysis of DRT data can be difficult, especially in accurately identifying electrochemical processes, leading to results that may not always meet expectations. This article examines non-parametric EIS analysis methods, outlining their strengths and limitations from theoretical, computational, and end-user perspectives, and provides guidelines for their future development. Moreover, insights from survey data emphasize the need to develop a large impedance database, akin to an impedance genome. In turn, software development should target one-click, fully automated DRT analysis for multidimensional EIS spectra interpretation, software validation, and reliability. Particularly, creating a collaborative ecosystem hinged on free software could promote innovation and catalyze the adoption of the DRT method throughout all fields that use impedance data. © 2024 Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

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On sizing of Battery Energy Storage Systems for independent multi-ancillary services in AC grids

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e-Prime - Advances in electrical engineering, electronics and Energy 2025年 12卷

作者： Callegari, João Marcus S. Amorim, William C.S. Pereira, Heverton A. Filho, Braz J. Cardoso Brandao, Danilo I. Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais MG Belo Horizonte Brazil Department of Electrical Engineering Universidade Federal de Viçosa MG Viçosa Brazil

Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) arise as a crucial technology to transition from conventional/centralized to decentralized/electronized power systems. A multi-step BESS sizing procedure for independent multi-ancillary services is a highly demanded tool that supports prosumers’ and utilities’ decision-making to pursue attractive investments that meet the intended technical requirements. Thus, this paper proposes a novel multi-step methodology for BESS sizing, evaluating economic viability, utilizing real-world mission profiles, and estimating Li-ion battery bank degradation, based on three ancillary services: self-consumption (SC), energy time-shift (ETS), and islanded (IS) operation. The methodology is applied to four case studies in the SC and ETS modes, evaluating the effects of (i) photovoltaic (PV) power plant size, (ii) fixed PV capacity, (iii) battery size trade-offs, and (iv) grid power charging. Results showed that the sized BESS performing ETS, charged by a 250 kW PV system, with a capital expenditure of $218,806, achieved a net present value of $417,739, an internal rate of return of 18.55%, and a discounted payback period of 9 years. The system maintains an average state of charge of 75%, with 6.4% of the time unable to provide ETS due to battery constraints. In islanded operation, the same system provided 10 h of autonomy during grid outages, which is sufficient to support the facility. It is also shown that sensitivity analysis in promising scenarios, such as energy tariff increases and BESS cost reductions, further enhances the technical and economic feasibility of the system. © 2025

关键词： Battery energy storage systems Battery lifetime Economic viability Energy time-shift Islanded mode Multi-step sizing procedure Self-consumption

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Microwave-Based Complementary Split-Ring Resonator for the Detection of Variations in Aqueous Media

Microwave-Based Complementary Split-Ring Resonator for the D...

引用

Microelectronics Technology and Devices (SBMicro)

作者： Reinaldo Velásquez Diego Tami Gilberto Medeiros-Ribeiro Cássio G. Rego Jhonattan C. Ramirez Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering UFMG Brazil Institute of Technological Sciences UNIFEI Brazil Department of Computer Science UFMG Brazil Department of Electronics Engineering UFMG Brazil

In this paper, we demonstrated a highly sensitive microwave-based resonator sensor capable of detecting variations in an aqueous medium of up to 0.94 mg/dL. In the presented device, the intrinsic resonant response (resonant amplitude, resonant frequency, and quality factor) is capacitively perturbed in reaction to the sample presence. To achieve higher sensitivity, the sample under testing generally is placed on the resonator surface, where the electric field is highly concentrated at the operating frequency. Thus, demonstrating excellent results in terms of sensitivity and reproducibility.

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Low-Cost CSRR-based Microwave Sensor for Evaluating Water Quality to Prevent Unwanted Sugar Contamination

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Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications 2025年第2期24卷

作者： de Sousa, Bruno Matias Duarte, José Garibaldi da Silva Neto, Valdemir Praxedes Graduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte RN Natal Brazil Department of Communication Engineering Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte RN Natal Brazil

This study proposes a low-cost microwave sensor for the monitoring of water quality contamination in irrigation systems. The sensor was employed for monitoring the concentration of specific compounds in mixtures of glucose and water, in order to prevent the accumulation of unwanted sugars in large plantations. The proposed sensor is an adaptation of a complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) fabricated on an FR4 substrate. A capillary tube constructed from polypropylene is inserted into the region of the CSRR microwave sensor exhibiting the maximum density surface current, wherein the liquid under test (LUT) is contained. The sensor was designed to operate at a resonance frequency of 2.45 GHz in the absence of a load. The maximum displacement observed at the resonance frequency is 275 MHz, with a normalization sensitivity of 0.844%. The simulations and experimental measurements are verified and their results compared, yielding a high level of concordance for the sensor’s intended purpose. The discrepancy between the measured permittivity values and the reference values of the samples under analysis is less than 5%. The proposed sensor is an effective solution for characterizing liquids, particularly mixtures of water and glucose, when compared to other sensors available for this application. © 2025 SBMO/SBMag.

关键词： Microwave sensors

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SSRN

引用

SSRN 2023年

作者： Román-Messina, Arturo Murillo Aguirre, E. Rafael Villalón, Osvaldo Rodríguez Graduate Studies Program in Electrical Engineering CINVESTAV Jal. Guadalajara45015 Mexico Department of Electrical Engineering DICIS Universidad de Guanajuato Gto. Salamanca36885 Mexico

Data fusion of multitype data is a fundamental problem in power system monitoring. This paper proposes a method for graph spectral clustering and visualization based on the fusion of similarity networks. The adopted approach enables the integration or fusion of multiple types of measurements, leading to the identification of a reduced-order model (a coarse-grained representation) and the variables that are influential in system dynamics.A systematic dynamic framework for data fusion is developed based on diffusion geometry and the fusion of similarity networks. This approach utilizes the statistical characteristics of Markov processes to construct a similarity network or graph for each data type or information. This allows for capturing the global data structure by establishing a Markov chain that describes transition probabilities between different sensor time series. Integrating this approach with the concept of graph community aids in identifying important buses and transmission branches for *** considerations concerning the application of spectral analysis techniques and improvements upon previous work are deliberated. Additionally, promising methodologies for investigating the multimodal attributes of data are highlighted to address these challenges robustly. Simulation studies conducted on a 14-machine, 58-bus test system serve to illustrate the efficacy of diffusion-based similarity network fusion techniques. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Data fusion

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