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Developing a system for the real-time collection and analysis of mobile vehicle emission data

Results in engineering 2024年 23卷

作者： Lin, Yin-Chen Yang, Sheng-Chih Wu, Shu-Cing Chen, Chi-Chun Graduate Institute Prospective Technology of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National Chin-Yi University of Technology ROC Taiwan Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology ROC Taiwan Taiwan Department of Electronic Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology ROC Taiwan Taiwan

In this study, an integrated system for remotely monitoring air pollution data was developed. This system combines vehicle exhaust emission data with driving information. It comprises an exhaust extraction device (EED), an improved On-Board Diagnostic II (OBDII) device, a mobile app, and a backend server database. The EED detects exhaust gases such as NOx, COx, and PM2.5 and transmits this information to the OBDII device through 2.4G communication. The OBDII device gathers vehicle driving information through a CAN 2.0 interface, integrates this information with vehicle exhaust emission data, and transmits the integrated information to the app through Bluetooth. The app forwards the integrated data to the backend database through 4G/5G communication for storage. Overall, this system provides a platform for the comprehensive collection, analysis, and application of big data pertaining to vehicle pollution sources and driving behavior. Analysis of actual driving experiments involving three vehicles revealed a correlation of over 80 % between vehicles’ revolutions per minute and CO2 and PM2.5 emissions, indicating that driving behaviors affect vehicle exhaust emissions. In summary, the proposed system not only stores relevant driving information in real time but also provides a platform for the future analysis of driving behavior and vehicle exhaust emissions. © 2024

关键词： Vehicles

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Study on Dual-band Antennas with a Modified Conical Antenna and a Parasitic Helical Element

Study on Dual-band Antennas with a Modified Conical Antenna ...

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2022 IEEE International Workshop on Electromagnetics: Applications and Student Innovation Competition, iWEM 2022

作者： Hirohara, Ryuji Fusazaki, Shinpei Noguchi, Keisuke Kanazawa Institute of Technology Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering and Electronics Ishikawa Nonoichi Japan DOCOMO CS Hokuriku Inc. Management Planning Section Network Management Department Ishikawa Kanazawa Japan

ISBN: (数字)9781665432382

ISBN: (纸本)9781665432382

With the start of the 5G operations, it will become more important to apply communication systems to automo-biles, which has been promoted in recent years as connected cars. Multi-band antennas are required to reduce the in-vehicle space which is occupied by communication equipment. We de-signed dual-band antennas for the sub-6 GHz 5G bands and the intelligent transport systems (ITS) especially the driving safety support system (DSSS) by loading helical elements to modified conical antennas (MCA), and conducted simulations and meas-urements. As a result, the antenna satisfied the sub-6 and ITS DSSS bands in the simulations. There were slightly differences between the calculated and measured results. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Intelligent systems

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Tuning Key Parameters of Electric Circuit Model for Application in Solid-State Supercapacitors 7

Tuning Key Parameters of Electric Circuit Model for Applicat...

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7th International Symposium on Instrumentation Systems, Circuits and Transducers, INSCIT 2023

作者： Ferreira, Paulo Saud, Hene Oliveira, Pedro Trigueiro, Joao Paulo Lavall, Rodrigo Salles, Luciana Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Belo Horizonte Brazil Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Electrical Engineering Department Belo Horizonte Brazil Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Department of Chemistry Belo Horizonte Brazil Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Minas Gerais Department of Chemistry/ICEx Betim Brazil Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Department of Chemistry/ICEx Belo Horizonte Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9798350326512

Supercapacitors have been widely studied and used on electrical and electronic circuits as energy storage devices. The potential of using supercapacitors in engineering is being continually explored and it is essential to use models compatible with electronic Design Automation tools. The existing models do not fully comply with the modeled device and often their use requires adjustments to bring the modeled device closer to the real one. The two branches model is one of the simplest to-use parameter calculation methods found in the literature for modeling and specifying supercapacitors of capacitances in a range of up to 103 F. In this paper, it was adopted in the study of miniaturized and flexible solid-state devices with capacitances in the range of up to 10-3 F. The result is a method applicable in specifying and simulation of tens of millifarad supercapacitors used in IoT devices using SoC technology. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Supercapacitor

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Low-Voltage Ride-Through Scheme for Distributed Generation Inverters Using a Modified Current Reference Strategy

Low-Voltage Ride-Through Scheme for Distributed Generation I...

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IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)

作者： Fankai Wen Pablo Acuna Jin Yang Zhige Yuan Amer M. Y. M. Ghias Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme Energy Research Institue @ NTU Nanyang Technological University Singapore Department of Electrical Engineering Universidad de Talca Curico Chile School of Aeronautics and Astronautics University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore

ISBN: (数字)9798350340266

ISBN: (纸本)9798350340273

The growing number of distributed generations (DGs) has shifted the power supply to be more flexible and reliable. Meanwhile, for the stability of the power grid, the increasing integration demands a robust fault ride-through (FRT) ability when the unbalanced sag occurs in the grid operation, namely low-voltage ride-through (LVRT). During an unbalanced sag, the oscillation in the active and reactive power, the distorted and unbalanced current are the main significant detriments. Several current reference strategies have been developed to mitigate these adverse effects. However, the standard approach prioritizes compensation for one objective entirely, typically the sag, at the expense of leaving another objective unaddressed i.e. constant powers, balanced current, or harmonic distortion. To accomplish the characteristics of different current reference strategies, this paper modifies the current reference to achieve two control variables. Besides, to accurately boost the voltage at the point of common coupling, the reactive power compensation reference is proposed according to the power transfer equation. A model predictive control (MPC) controller is designed to deliver a given power by making the current follow the reference. The simulation results show that the proposed LVRT scheme achieves at the PCC voltage a more accurate and larger boost and the modified current strategy can decouple the traditional strategies.

关键词： Reactive power Low voltage Upper bound Power system stability Mathematical models Stability analysis Distributed power generation

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Density functional theory calculations for investigation of atomic structures of 4H-SiC/SiO2 interface after NO annealing

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Komatsu, Naoki Ohmoto, Mizuho Uemoto, Mitsuharu Ono, Tomoya Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Kobe University Nada Kobe657-8501 Japan

We propose the atomic structures of the 4H-SiC/SiO2 interface for the a, m, C, and Si faces after NO annealing. Our proposed structures preferentially form at the topmost layers of the SiC side of the interface, which agrees with the experimental finding of secondary-ion mass spectrometry, that is, the N atoms accumulate at the interface. In addition, the areal N-atom density is on the order of 1014 atom/cm2 for each plane, which is also consistent with the experimental result. Moreover, the electronic structure of the interface after NO annealing, in which the CO bonds are removed and the nitride layer only at the interface is inserted, is free from gap states, although some interface models before NO annealing include the gap states arising from the CO bonds near the valence band edge of the bandgap. Our results imply that NO annealing can contribute to the reduction in the density of interface defects by forming the nitride layer. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Silicon carbide

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Comparison of Algebraic Reconstruction Technique Methods and Generative Adversarial Network in Image Reconstruction of Magnetic Induction Tomography (MIT)

Comparison of Algebraic Reconstruction Technique Methods and...

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2021 International Conference on Biomedical engineering, ICoBE 2021

作者： Lubis, A.J. Nasir, N.F. Mohd Zakaria, Z. Jusoh, M. Azizan, M.M. Zakaria, M.Z. Kazim, M.N.F.M. Rahman, S. Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science Universitas Harapan Medan Medan Indonesia Computer Engineering Program Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Perlis Perlis Malaysia Biomedical Electronic Engineering Program Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Perlis Perlis Malaysia Universiti Malaysia Perlis Perlis Malaysia Department of Electrical and Electronic Department Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia Negeri Sembilan Malaysia Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Perlis Perlis Malaysia Mechatronic Engineering Program Faculty of Electrical Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Perlis Perlis Malaysia

Magnetic induction tomography (MIT) is a technique used for imaging electromagnetic properties of objects using eddy current effects. The non-linear characteristics had led to more difficulties with its solution especially in dealing with low conductivity imaging materials such as biological tissues. Two methods that could be applied for MIT image processing which is the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) and the Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (ART). ART is widely used in the industry due to its ability to improve the quality of the reconstructed image at a high scanning speed. GAN is an intelligent method which would be able to carry out the training process. In the GAN method, the MIT principle is used to find the optimum global conductivity distribution and it is described as a training process and later, reconstructed by a generator. The output is an approximate reconstruction of the distribution's internal conductivity image. Then, the results were compared with the previous traditional algorithm, namely the regularization algorithm of BPNN and Tikhonov Regularization method. It turned out that GAN had able to adjust the non-linear relationship between input and output. GAN was also able to solve non-linear problems that cannot be solved in the previous traditional algorithms, namely Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) and Tikhonov Regularization method. There are several other intelligent algorithms such as CNN (Convolution Neural Network) and K-NN (K-Nearest Neighbor), but such algorithms have not been able to produce the expected image quality. Thus, further study is still needed for the improvement of the image quality. The expected result in this study is the comparison of these two techniques, namely ART and GAN to get the best results on the image reconstruction using MIT. Thus, it is shown that GAN is a better candidate for this purpose. © 2021 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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Achieving Zero Cache-Miss based on the Control Flow Graph 1

Achieving Zero Cache-Miss based on the Control Flow Graph

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1st IEEE International Maghreb Meeting of the Conference on Sciences and Techniques of Automatic Control and Computer engineering, MI-STA 2021

作者： Elahresh, Musbah Mohammed Ali Elaraby, Abed Elatie College of Electronic Technology Department of Post Graduate Studies Tripoli Libya Elmergb University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Alkhoms Libya

ISBN: (纸本)9781665418560

This paper provides a design of a control circuit for cache memory with no time overhead for cache miss conditions. this type of circuits is very important in modern computers design to enhance program execution time and increase the processor performance. The main objective of the designed circuit is to provide a high performance of program execution and avoiding cache miss. The focus is on finding an optimal method that provides fast program execution. This is due to the fact that most of the existing methods are still producing cache miss. The proposed method is based on utilizing the control flow graph (CFG) of the program being executed. The proposed solution works with dividing the program into basic blocks of instructions. The program blocks and the execution paths are modeled by the CFG. A program traverses an execution path according to its current state which is represented by its data variables. If a block is required to be entered from the current block, that block is already available in the cache. This leads to eliminating cache miss. In this paper we provide the design for a cache memory control circuit that manages the cache according to the information of the CFG. Many experiments were run and tested using simulation that evaluated the proposed control circuit. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Cache memory

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Modified Rainflow Algorithm for Lifetime Estimation of Semiconductors Devices 8

Modified Rainflow Algorithm for Lifetime Estimation of Semic...

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8th Southern Power electronics Conference and the 17th Brazilian Power electronics Conference, SPEC / COBEP 2023

作者： De Sousa, Renata Oliveira De Barros, Rodrigo Cássio Amorim, William Caires Silva Cupertino, Allan Fagner Pereira, Heverton Augusto Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná Department of Electronics Curitiba Brazil Universidade Federal Do Recôncavo da Bahia Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas Cruz das Almas Brazil Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Belo Horizonte Brazil Universidade Federal de Juiż de Fora Department of Electrical Energy Juiz de Fora Brazil Universidade Federal de Vicosa Department of Electrical Engineering Viçosa Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9798350321128

Reliable operation is essential for any power electronic system. Nevertheless, power electronic systems include a large number of fragile elements. Among these elements, the semiconductor devices are the most likely to fail. Recent reliability evaluation tools employ a cycle counting algorithm to compute the degradation in semiconductor devices, where the rainflow algorithm is the most popular. However, since the rainflow was first created for fatigue analysis, this algorithm presents some issues when applied for semiconductor devices. Indeed, the rainflow is unable to compute the effective heating time and time-dependent equivalent mean temperature of each thermal cycle. Besides, half-cycles are counted by conventional rainflow. However, apart from the half-cycles at the end of the data, these half-cycles should not be taken into consideration in the life consumption computation. Therefore, this work proposes a modified rainflow for the lifetime estimation of semiconductor devices. This methodology adapts the conventional rainflow to filter half-cycles and compute the effective heating time and the equivalent mean temperature. The impact of the methodology on lifetime estimation is verified in a modular multilevel converter. Besides, analyses with two distinct mission profiles are performed to evaluate the modified impact on lifetime estimation. The results demonstrated that the modified rainflow significantly affects the lifetime computation of all critical joints of an insulatedgate bipolar transistor (IGBT) module for both case studies considered. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： cycle counting lifetime estimation modified rainflow algorithm semiconductor devices

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Theoretical investigation of vacancy related defects at 4H-SiC(0001¯)/SiO2interface after wet oxidation

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Tsunasaki, Mukai Ono, Tomoya Uemoto, Mitsuharu Department Of Electrical And Electronic Engineering Graduate School Of Engineering Kobe University Nada Kobe 657-8501 Japan

The stability and formation mechanism of the defects relevant to silicon and carbon vacancies at the 4H-SiC(0001¯)/SiO2interface after wet oxidation are investigated by first-principles calculation based on the density functional theory. The difference in the total energy of the defects agrees with the experimental results concerning the dencity of defects. We found that the characteristic behaviors of the generation of defects are explained by the positions of vacancies and antisites in the SiC(0001¯) substrate and that the formation of silicon and carbon vacancies is relevant to the generation mechanism of defects. The generation of silicon and carbon vacancies is attributed to the termination of dangling bonds by H atoms introduced by wet oxidation, resulting in generation of carbon-antisite-carbon-vacancy and divacancies defects in wet oxidation. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Silicon carbide

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Parameter and Topology Optimization Method for IPM Motors using Multimodal Neural Network

Parameter and Topology Optimization Method for IPM Motors us...

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IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation

作者： Kazuhisa Iwata Hidenori Sasaki Hajime Igarashi Daisuke Nakagawa Tomoya Ueda Graduate School of Science and Engineering Hosei University Koganei Japan Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Hosei University Koganei Japan Graduate School of Information Science and Technology Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan Research and Development Center Nidec Corporation Kawasaki Japan

ISBN: (数字)9798350348958

ISBN: (纸本)9798350348965

This study proposes a novel parameter and topology optimization method for an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor using a multimodal neural network. The optimized shape obtained by the proposed method improves the manufacturability compared to the conventional method. In addition, the computational time of the optimization using the proposed method is reduced by about $99.9{{\% }}$ compared to the optimization using only the finite element method.

关键词： Shape Network topology Optimization methods Rotors Permanent magnet motors Permanent magnets Topology

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