Disasters are unexpected, sudden events that may cause monumental damages to both materials and human lives. Hence, the unpredictability and destruction that follow when a disaster happens to pose a dire challenge for...
Disasters are unexpected, sudden events that may cause monumental damages to both materials and human lives. Hence, the unpredictability and destruction that follow when a disaster happens to pose a dire challenge for researchers, scientists, and governments to find ways to effectively handle the situation and flow of information when such an event strikes. The Internet of Things (IoT) presents a solution that involves using one or more mobile devices connected over the network, thus making the transfer of data and information more effective and efficient. This paper presents a holistic analysis of the state-of-the-art IoT technologies which can answer the challenge posed above, in addition to the demand for efficiency, mobility, accuracy, as well as better communications between the command center and all actors involved in disaster operations. The applications of IoT have varied for many purposes. We divide those purposes into two broad strokes of pre-disaster management and post-disaster management IoT-aided systems. For pre-disaster management, the IoT-aided systems are mostly used to predict the possible disaster that might happen using sensors placed in strategic places. Finally, for post-disaster management, the IoT-aided systems aid in improving the effectiveness and accuracy of evacuation, relief, and victim-tracking efforts.
Dynamically encircling exceptional points (EPs) have unveiled intriguing chiral dynamics in photonics. However, the traditional approach based on an open manifold of Hamiltonian parameter space fails to explore trajec...
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Dynamically encircling exceptional points (EPs) have unveiled intriguing chiral dynamics in photonics. However, the traditional approach based on an open manifold of Hamiltonian parameter space fails to explore trajectories that pass through an infinite boundary. Here, by mapping the full parameter space onto a closed manifold of the Riemann sphere, we introduce a framework to describe encircling-EP loops. We demonstrate that an encircling trajectory crossing the north vertex can realize near-unity asymmetric transmission. An efficient gain-free, broadband asymmetric polarization-locked device is realized by mapping the encircling path onto L-shaped silicon waveguides.
Video coding requires a massive computational effort leading to large power dissipation and energy consumption. Thus, energy efficiency becomes a significant concern especially under limited energy resources such as i...
Video coding requires a massive computational effort leading to large power dissipation and energy consumption. Thus, energy efficiency becomes a significant concern especially under limited energy resources such as in mobile devices. Approximate computing is a promising technique to improve energy efficiency. Therefore, this work presents a new approximate subtractor operator to be used in video coding hardware accelerators. The proposed subtractor reduces power of a Sum of Absolute Differences (SAD) hardware accelerator on approximately 10.39% (on average of different videos) when compared to the use of the subtractor from the synthesis tool. It also presents a power reduction of 18.13% when compared to state-of-the-art approximate adder.
Bacillus species are Gram-positive bacteria that are rod-shaped, endospore-forming, and aerobic or facultatively anaerobic. With over 300 recognized species, Bacillus subtilis stands out as a well-studied model organi...
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Bacillus species are Gram-positive bacteria that are rod-shaped, endospore-forming, and aerobic or facultatively anaerobic. With over 300 recognized species, Bacillus subtilis stands out as a well-studied model organism. The genus's various species exhibit a wide range of physiological capabilities, allowing them to thrive in diverse environmental conditions. Each cell produces a single endospore, which is highly resistant to heat, cold, radiation, desiccation, and disinfectants. Among Bacillus strains, those capable of producing spores, biofilms, and carotenoids demonstrate significant resilience to UV light. This review examines the genes involved in spore formation, biofilm development, and carotenoid synthesis, emphasizing their roles in UV radiation survival. We explore the interconnections between these processes and their combined contribution to UV resistance, focusing on the underlying genetic mechanisms. These insights will benefit researchers studying the genetic basis of UV radiation resistance in Bacillus species. IMPORTANCE: Bacteria employ adaptive strategies in extreme environments through rapid changes in gene expression, altering their phenotype for survival. Bacillus species, for example, defend against UV radiation by making spores, creating biofilms, and producing pigments. During sporulation, sigma factors (σ, σ, σ, and σ) regulate gene expression to adapt to environmental shifts. It has been found that the spores of some species may contain pigments that strongly absorb UV radiation, playing a crucial role in spore UV resistance. UV light penetrates biofilm matrices minimally, mainly affecting surface cells, which produce compounds like mycosporine-like amino acids and carotenoids to shield against UV damage.
Free-electron radiation is a fundamental photon emission process that is induced by fast-moving electrons interacting with optical media. Historically, it has been understood that, just like any other photon emission ...
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Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived electrically excitable cells provide a unique window into development, but they remain electrically immature partially due to the lack of chronic stimulation. Here, we fabric...
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Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived electrically excitable cells provide a unique window into development, but they remain electrically immature partially due to the lack of chronic stimulation. Here, we fabricated electrospun polymer nanofibers containing light-reactive reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as part of a new classes of on-demand, electrically active biomaterials to enhance cell function. Fiber size, stiffness, and electrical conductivity varied with rGO concentration, which impacted hPSC-derived cardiomyocyte and neuron responses; with acute light stimulation, cardiomyocytes exhibited increased, synchronous calcium handling. Long-term, daily nanofiber light stimulation improves brain organoid electrical activity and activates photoreceptor pathways. This work outlines a tunable method where electrical cell functions can be titrated with rGO fibers and light stimulation, and it suggests that repetitive light stimulation may provide a novel method for retinal differentiation.
TeraHertz (THz) communications can satisfy the high data rate demand with massive bandwidth. However, severe path attenuation and hardware imperfection greatly alleviate its performance. Therefore, we utilize the reco...
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We have been studying on estimating distribution of permittivity between measurement electrodes using capacitance and electric potential. Two arc electrodes were separated by long distance and there electrodes were su...
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We have been studying on measuring capacitance and potential using long distance electrode for estimating a permittivity distribution. The estimating method of permittivity distribution was proposed using Finite Eleme...
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