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Multi-Scale Analysis Combined Operando Elemental/Spectroscopic Measurement Techniques in Oxide-Type All-Solid-State Na Batteries

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2025年第2期8卷 38-47页

作者： Koji Hiraoka Kazuo Yamamoto Takeshi Kobayashi Tetsuo Sakamoto Shiro Seki Graduate School of Engineering Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Program Kogakuin University Nanostructures Research Laboratory Japan Fine Ceramics Center Energy Transformation Research Laboratory Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry Graduate School of Engineering Electrical Engineering and Electronics Program Kogakuin University

Understanding the charge/discharge mechanism of batteries plays an important role in the development of high-performance systems,but extremely complicated reactions are *** these complex phenomena are also bottlenecks for the establishment of all-sol id-state batteries(ASSB),we conducted multi-scale analysis using combined multi-measurement techniques,to directly observe charge/discharge reactions at hierarchical scales for the oxide-type ASSB using Na as the carrier *** particular,all of measurement techniques are applied to cross-section ASSB in the same cell,to complementarily evaluate the elemental distributions and structural *** Operando scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,the Na concentration in the electrode layers changes on the micrometer scale under charge/discharge reactions in the first ***,Operando Raman spectroscopy reveal changes in the bonding states at the atomic scale in the active material,including changes in reversible structural *** cycling the ASSB,the elemental distributions are clearly observed along with the particle shapes and can reveal the Na migration mechanism at the nanometer scale,by time-of-flight secondary ion mass ***,this study can provide a fundamental and comprehensive understanding of the charge/discharge mechanism by observing reaction processes at multiple scales.

关键词： Operando oxide-type all-solid-state battery Raman SEM-EDS sodium battery TOF-SIMS

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A Study on Optimization and Augmentation Techniques for Improving the Performance of CADx System for Cat Skin Disease

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Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2025年第1期74卷 135-141页

作者： Won, Hyeong-Sik Park, Jae-Beom Cho, Hyun-Chong Dept. of Electronics Engineering Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for BIT Medical Convergence Dept. of Data Science Kangwon National University Korea Republic of Dept. of Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for BIT Medical Convergence Kangwon National University Korea Republic of

In modern society, the number of households raising pets is increasing. As pet ownership increases, the cost of treating companion cats is also rising, with a significant portion of these costs going toward the treatment of skin diseases. Skin diseases are among the common ailments in pets, and swift action is required if they occur in cats. However, early lesions lack distinctive characteristics, making accurate diagnosis difficult. Therefore, this study proposes a CADx(Computer-Aided Diagnosis) system that classifies images of cat skin conditions into inflammatory lesions, non-inflammatory lesions, and normal images using a dataset of cat skin diseases. We selected the ConvNeXt model, based on CNN, which can learn regional information and features. To learn various patterns of skin lesions, we applied Mixup, an image augmentation technique. When Mixup was applied, the model accuracy was 0.8679, showing a 3.35% improvement compared to the original dataset. Additionally, Lookahead Optimizer was applied to ensure stable learning of Mixup. When both Mixup and Lookahead Optimizer were applied, the model accuracy was 0.8741, showing a high improvement of 3.97% compared to the original dataset. Therefore, the Lookahead Optimizer helps with the stable training of mixup, which can improve the performance of the model. Copyright © The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers.

关键词： Dermatology

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Development of a Deep Learning-Based System for Cat Skin Disease Classification and Grad-CAM Visualization

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Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2025年第2期74卷 339-344页

作者： Won, Hyeong-Sik Cho, Hyun-Chong Dept. of Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for BIT Medical Convergence Kangwon National University Korea Republic of Dept. of Electronics Engineering and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for BIT Medical Convergence Dept. of Data Science Kangwon National University Korea Republic of

Skin diseases in companion cats can worsen if not treated promptly, and this can increase the financial burden on pet owners. To prevent this, early and accurate diagnosis is essential. This study introduces a deep learning-based Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CADx) system designed to classify cat skin diseases into non-inflammatory and inflammatory lesions by comparing them with normal images. The system employs the EfficientNetV2 model and incorporates image augmentation techniques like AutoAugment and AugMix to enhance classification performance. The study results indicate that the developed model achieved an 84.68% accuracy for non-inflammatory lesions, reflecting a 10.06% improvement, and a 97.19% accuracy for inflammatory lesions, reflecting a 2.45% improvement. Furthermore, we applied Grad-CAM to visualize the regions of interest in the images, offering veterinarians critical insights into the location and characteristics of the lesions. This system has the potential to significantly improve the precision of diagnosing skin diseases in companion cats, thereby supporting better veterinary care. Copyright © The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers.

关键词： Veterinary medicine

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Development of a Deep Learning-Based Model for Canine Skin Disease Diagnosis Using RandAugment and Patterned-GridMask

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Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2025年第1期74卷 142-148页

作者： Kim, Min-Jun Park, Jae-Beom Cho, Hyun-Chong Dept. of Electronics Engineering Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for BIT Medical Convergence Dept. of Data Science Kangwon National University Korea Republic of Dept. of Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for BIT Medical Convergence Kangwon National University Korea Republic of

In contemporary society, pets are increasingly regarded as integral family members, contributing significantly to human quality of life. The growing prevalence of dog ownership has concurrently escalated the economic burden associated with veterinary care, particularly in managing common conditions like skin diseases. This study introduces an advanced deep learning-based diagnostic system for canine skin diseases, designed for practical application in home environments. We employed RandAugment to enhance data augmentation, thereby increasing the diversity of the training dataset. Furthermore, the implementation of Patterned-GridMask significantly improved the model's generalization capabilities. The use of the AdamW optimization algorithm was instrumental in mitigating overfitting, thus enhancing the model's overall learning efficiency. The proposed Transformer-based model, ViT/B-16, achieved an accuracy of 78.65% with the original dataset. With the integration of RandAugment and Patterned-GridMask techniques, the model's accuracy improved to 84.33%, underscoring its potential effectiveness for practical veterinary applications. Copyright © The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers.

关键词： Medical imaging

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Design and Performance Comparison of Current References for a 32-bit Microcontroller Using 22nm Technology 16

Design and Performance Comparison of Current References for ...

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16th IEEE Latin American Symposium on Circuits and Systems, LASCAS 2025

作者： Barcelos, Eduardo A. Campagnucci, Pamela R. A. N. Munoz, Daniel M. Amaral, Wellington A. Haddad, Sandro A. P. Mechatronics Graduate Program Faculty of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Electronics Engineering Undergraduate Program University of Brasilia Faculty of Gama DF Brasilia Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9798331522124

With the advancement of semiconductor technologies, the need for efficient power management solutions in integrated systems, such as RISC-V architecture-based microcontrollers, becomes increasingly critical. However, there is a lack of studies comparing current reference architectures in terms of performance and robustness, particularly in 22nm technologies. In this paper, we present a comparative analysis of two current reference designs implemented in the same technology-referred to as Reference Design A and Reference Design B. We focus on their approaches to thermal compensation, supply stability, and layout optimizations. Through simulations and experimental tests, we evaluate the performance of each design within a power management system that includes DC-DC converters and LDO regulators. Our results indicate that Design A exhibits superior power supply rejection with a PSRR of -85 dB, while Design B demonstrates enhanced energy efficiency and thermal stability, achieving a nominal current of 5.14 μA and a temperature coefficient of 16.21 ppm. These findings underscore the importance of balancing energy efficiency, thermal stability, and power supply variation rejection when selecting current references for low-power, high-reliability applications, such as those in the Internet of Things (IoT). © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Integrated circuit layout

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A 22nm CMOS PFM Buck Converter Used in a 32-Bit RISC-V Microcontroller for IoT Applications 16

A 22nm CMOS PFM Buck Converter Used in a 32-Bit RISC-V Micro...

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16th IEEE Latin American Symposium on Circuits and Systems, LASCAS 2025

作者： Oliveira, Luiz H. N. Amaral, Wellington A. Haddad, Sandro A. P. Munoz, Daniel M. Barcelos, Eduardo A. Sotero, Vinicius V. M. Jonhson, Emmanuel K. M. Campagnucci, Pamela R. A. N. Lima, Luis V. N. Electronics Engineering Undergraduate Program Faculty of Gama Brazil Mechatronics Graduate Program University of Brasilia Faculty of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering DF Brasilia Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9798331522124

The demand for efficient power management solutions in electronic devices has increased significantly, especially for microcontrollers operating in low-power modes. This article presents the design and implementation of a Pulse Frequency Modulation (PFM)-based buck converter for applications in 32-bit microcontrollers using 22nm CMOS technology. The methodology involves the development of a Constant On Time (COT) architecture that maintains a fixed duration for the activation of the high-side MOSFET, using a monostable multivibrator to generate the necessary timing signals. The converter's performance was simulated under various load conditions and process corners to evaluate its efficiency and output characteristics. The results show that the proposed buck converter achieves high efficiency, with peak values above 95%, while maintaining a low output ripple. Specifically, the converter exhibits an efficiency of 93.4% at a load of 1mA, with output ripple voltages as low as 2.20 mV under ideal conditions. The contributions of this work lie in the advancement of PFM converter technology for modern microcontroller applications, demonstrating the potential of 22nm CMOS processes to improve power efficiency and performance. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： CMOS integrated circuits

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Design and Performance Comparison of Low Dropout Regulators for a 32-bit Microcontroller Using 22nm Technology 16

Design and Performance Comparison of Low Dropout Regulators ...

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16th IEEE Latin American Symposium on Circuits and Systems, LASCAS 2025

作者： Johnson, Emmanuel K. M. Lima, Luis Victor N. Campagnucci, Pamela. R. A. N. Haddad, Sandro A. P. Amaral, Wellington A. Munoz, Daniel M. University of Brasilia Mechatronics Graduate Program Department of Mechanical Engineering DF Brasilia Brazil University of Brasilia Faculty of Gama Electronics Engineering Undergraduate Program DF Brasilia Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9798331522124

This paper presents a comparison between two LDOs (Low Dropout Regulators) developed for a PMIC (Power Management Integrated Circuit) responsible for powering a 32-bit microcontroller based on the RISC-V microarchitecture, designed in 22 nm technology. The microcontroller will be integrated with a radio frequency interface for IoT (Internet of Things) applications. Two LDOs were designed: one with external compensation and the other a capacitor-less LDO. Both operate with an input voltage of 2.5V, an output voltage of 0.8V, and a maximum current of 150mA. The externally compensated LDO exhibited greater stability in response to load variations and a higher PSRR (Power Supply Rejection Ratio), while the capacitor-less LDO demonstrated faster regulation speed and occupied a chip area similar to the externally compensated LDO. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Low power electronics

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Development of EEG-Based Optimal Biomarkers for Decoding Fatigue during Motor Imagery Tasks 13

Development of EEG-Based Optimal Biomarkers for Decoding Fat...

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13th International Winter Conference on Brain-Computer Interface, BCI 2025

作者： Lee, Jun-Seok Lee, Seung-Won Kim, Sang-Rok Hwang, Han-Jeong Dept. Electronics and Information Engineering Korea University Sejong30019 Korea Republic of Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for Artificial Intelligence Smart Convergence Technology Korea University Sejong30019 Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9798331521929

This study aimed to identify electroencephalography (EEG)-based neurophysiological biomarkers for monitoring mental fatigue during motor imagery (MI) tasks. We used EEG data recorded from 29 healthy adults during MI tasks. For the preprocessing of the EEG data, we sequentially performed down-sampling into 200 Hz, independent component analysis (ICA), band-pass filtering between 0.5 and 50 Hz, and common average reference (CAR). The preprocessed EEG data were analyzed using a fast Fourier transform (FFT) to calculate spectral power in the δ (0.5–3 Hz), θ (4–7 Hz), α (8–13 Hz), and β (13–30 Hz) frequency bands. Subsequently, seventeen fatigue-related metrics were calculated using individual spectral powers and their combinations. These fatigue-related metrics were averaged for the frontal lobe (F3 and F4), central lobe (FCC3h and FCC4h), parietal lobe (P3 and P4), and occipital lobe (POO1 and POO2). The statistical significance of the average fatigue metrics was evaluated through Pearson correlation analysis with the sequence of trials. As a result, we observed strong positive correlations (r > 0.9, p © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Fast Fourier transforms

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Design and Performance Comparison of Current References for a 32-bit Microcontroller Using 22nm Technology

Design and Performance Comparison of Current References for ...

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IEEE Latin American Symposium on Circuits and Systems (LASCAS)

作者： Eduardo A. Barcelos Pâmela R. A. N. Campagnucci Daniel M. Muñoz Wellington A. Amaral Sandro A. P. Haddad Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Technology Mechatronics Graduate Program Faculty of Gama Electronics Engineering Undergraduate Program University of Brasilia Brasilia DF Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9798331522124

ISBN: (纸本)9798331522131

关键词： Resistance Microcontrollers Power system management Stability criteria Energy efficiency Robustness Circuit stability Thermal analysis Internet of Things Thermal stability

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A 22nm CMOS PFM Buck Converter Used in a 32-Bit RISC-V Microcontroller for IoT Applications

A 22nm CMOS PFM Buck Converter Used in a 32-Bit RISC-V Micro...

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IEEE Latin American Symposium on Circuits and Systems (LASCAS)

作者： Luiz H. N. Oliveira Wellington A. Amaral Sandro A. P. Haddad Daniel M. Muñoz Eduardo A. Barcelos Vinícius V. M. Sotero Emmanuel K. M. Jonhson Pâmela R. A. N. Campagnucci Luis V. N. Lima Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Technology Mechatronics Graduate Program University of Brasilia Brasilia DF Brazil Faculty of Gama Electronics Engineering Undergraduate Program

ISBN: (数字)9798331522124

ISBN: (纸本)9798331522131

关键词： Semiconductor device modeling Performance evaluation MOSFET Buck converters Microcontrollers Power system management Multivibrators Timing Internet of Things Load modeling

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