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Performance comparison of InGaN-based 40–80 μm micro-LEDs fabricated with and without plasma etching

Materials Today Advances 2024年 22卷

作者： Lo, Yu-Yun Chen, Yi-Ho Hsu, Yun-Cheng Lee, Tzu-Yi Hung, Yu-Ying Kao, Yu-Cheng Zan, Hsiao-Wen Wuu, Dong- Sing Kuo, Hao-Chung Samukawa, Seiji Horng, Ray-Hua Institute of Electronics National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University 1001 University Road Hsinchu30010 Taiwan Department of Photonics College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30010 Taiwan Graduate Degree Program of College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30010 Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung40227 Taiwan Department of Applied Materials and Optoelectronic Engineering National Chi Nan University Nantou54561 Taiwan Semiconductor Research Center Hon Hai Research Institute Taipei11492 Taiwan Institute of Communications Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30010 Taiwan

The fabrication of InGaN-based blue 4✕4 array micro-LEDs (μLEDs) with 40 μm ✕40 μm chip size and 2✕2 array μLEDs with 80 μm ✕80 μm chip size etching by the inductive coupled plasma reactive ion etching (ICPRIE) and defect-free neutral beam etching (NBE) processes was studied in this work. In μLEDs of this size, the influence of defects formation in the sidewalls on EQE was evaluated. There was almost no difference in EQE between μLEDs array etched by the NBE process no matter 40 μm ✕40 μm and 80 μm ✕80 μm, but the dependence was observed in the ICPRIE. Even with this size, it was found that the size effect of EQE is smaller than that in case of using ICPRIE for defect-free neutral beam etching. This impact is substantial since μLED predominantly operated at low current density, around 1–5 A/cm2. Consequently, the reduction of defect density, encompassing both internal and sidewall defects, becomes imperative even in 40–80 μm InGaN-based μLEDs. This not only improves the overall efficiency of μLEDs but also fortifies the brightness stability of μLED displays if process etching by NBE. It was also found that the etching shape had an influence on EQE. It could be attributed to fact that the etching profile angle of NBE was more vertical than that of ICPRIE. Because the different angles of the mesa resulted in different light intensity. The μLEDs emitting with a wavelength of 450 nm, the light extraction efficiency and intensity at a mesa angle 58° of NBE etching μLEDs was about 8% lower than those of an angle (38°) of ICPRIE etching μLEDs by simulation. © The Authors

关键词： Light emitting diodes

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Improved Gain-Scheduled Control Design for Rational Nonlinear Discrete-Time Systems with Input Saturation

Improved Gain-Scheduled Control Design for Rational Nonlinea...

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European Control Conference (ECC)

作者： Gabriela L. Reis Rodrigo F. Araú jo Leonardo A. B. Tô rres Reinaldo M. Palhares Department of Technological Education Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Federal University of Minas Gerais Federal Institute of Southeast Minas Gerais Minas Gerais Brasil Department of Control and Automation Engineering Amazonas State University Amazonas Brazil Department of Aerospace Engineering California Polytechnic State University CA USA Department of Electronics Engineering Federal University of Minas Gerais Minas Gerais Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9783907144077

ISBN: (纸本)9781665497336

An improved method of control design for rational nonlinear discrete-time systems with input saturation is proposed in this paper. Using Difference-Algebraic Representation (DAR) and parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions, a novel regional stabilization condition in terms of Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI) is presented. Two optimization problems are addressed to either obtain the largest estimated Domain of Attraction (DoA) or minimize the $\ell_{2}$ -gain from the energy-bounded disturbance input to the performance output. Numerical examples illustrate the potential of the proposed approach.

关键词： Discrete-time systems Direction-of-arrival estimation Control design Finance Europe Estimation Linear matrix inequalities

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A Modified Radiopropagation Multipath Model for Constant Refractivity Gradient Profiles

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Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications 2023年第2期22卷 298-312页

作者： Parada, D. Rego, C.G. Guevara, D. Navarro, A. Ramos, G.L. Oliveira, R. Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Av. Antônio Carlos 6627 MG Belo Horizonte Brazil Departament of Electronics Engineering Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais MG Belo HorizonteCEP 31270-901 Brazil Departament of Electricity and Electronics Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Norte de Santander CúcutaCEP 540003 Colombia Departament of Information and Communication Technologies Universidad ICESI Cali Valle del CaucaCEP 760031 Colombia Departament of Telecommunications and Mechatronics Engineering Federal University of São João del-Rei MG Ouro BrancoCEP 36415-000 Brazil

This paper presents a radiopropagation algorithm based on a Ray Tracing (RT) technique that combines a modified multipath model for constant refractivity gradient profiles and the Uniform Theory of Diffraction (UTD). A novel formulation is proposed by the authors for calculation and ground-reflection analysis of ray paths depending on atmospheric refractivity. The algorithm introduced herein was evaluated in a mixed scenario and in two more realistic case studies, under conditions of constant refractivity gradient and lossy terrain profiles. Pathloss results are obtained and compared with Parabolic Equation (PE) numerical solution results at 2.0 GHz, 3.5 GHz and 5.4 GHz. In such conditions, the modified radiopropagation multipath algorithm with atmospheric refractivity introduced herein showed satisfactory results. © 2023 SBMO/SBMag.

关键词： Refraction

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Generative AI for Unmanned Vehicle Swarms: Challenges, Applications and Opportunities

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Liu, Guangyuan Van Huynh, Nguyen Du, Hongyang Hoang, Dinh Thai Niyato, Dusit Zhu, Kun Kang, Jiawen Xiong, Zehui Jamalipour, Abbas In Kim, Dong The School of Computer Science and Engineering The Energy Research Institute @ NTU Interdisciplinary Graduate Program Nanyang Technological University Singapore The Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 3GJ United Kingdom The School of Electrical and Data Engineering University of Technology Sydney Australia The School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore College of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China The School of Automation Guangdong University of Technology China The Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design Singapore University of Technology and Design Singapore The School of Electrical and Information Engineering University of Sydney Australia The College of Information and Communication Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Korea Republic of

With recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics, unmanned vehicle swarms have received great attention from both academia and industry due to their potential to provide services that are difficult and dangerous to perform by humans. However, learning and coordinating movements and actions for a large number of unmanned vehicles in complex and dynamic environments introduce significant challenges to conventional AI methods. Generative AI (GAI), with its capabilities in complex data feature extraction, transformation, and enhancement, offers great potential in solving these challenges of unmanned vehicle swarms. For that, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive survey on applications, challenges, and opportunities of GAI in unmanned vehicle swarms. Specifically, we first present an overview of unmanned vehicles and unmanned vehicle swarms as well as their use cases and existing issues. Then, an in-depth background of various GAI techniques together with their capabilities in enhancing unmanned vehicle swarms are provided. After that, we present a comprehensive review on the applications and challenges of GAI in unmanned vehicle swarms with various insights and discussions. Finally, we highlight open issues of GAI in unmanned vehicle swarms and discuss potential research directions. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Metadata

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On Reliability Assessment of a Battery Energy Storage Systems Supporting PV Plants

On Reliability Assessment of a Battery Energy Storage System...

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IEEE Annual Southern Power electronics Conference (SPEC)

作者： William Caires Silva Amorim Allan Fagner Cupertino Victor Flores Mendes Renata Oliveira De Sousa Rodrigo Cássio De Barros Heverton Augusto Pereira Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil Department of Electrical Energy Federal University of Juz de Fora Juiz de Fora Brazil Department of Electrical Engineering Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil Department of Electronics Federal University of Tech. - Paraná Curitiba Brazil Department of Electrical Engineering Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia Cruz das Almas Brazil Department of Electrical Engineering Federal University of Viçosa Viçosa Brazil

Battery energy storage system (BESS) has been highlighted for its possibilities of performing ancillary services to the power system, such as voltage and frequency regulation, power quality, power smoothing, and peak shaving, among others. The BESS is very promising especially associated with renewable energies, such as photovoltaic (PV) and wind. Among some of these ancillary services, this work evaluates the battery lifetime and reliability. The proposed methodology includes the combined analysis of rainflow counting algorithm, Monte Carlo simulation, and nonlinear damage accumulation rule for battery reliability assessment. Monte Carlo simulation is used to approximate the battery reliability estimation of practical applications, by considering stochastic variations in the battery lifetime model. The case study is based on a 100 $\textbf{kW}$ PV system, assessed using a one-year mission profile of solar irradiance and ambient temperature from Goiânla-Brazll associated with a mission profile of 100 $\textbf{kW}$ industrial load. The PV plant is connected to a 440 V grid associated with a BESS that mitigates oscillations of 10% of PV nominal power per minute. The peak shaving service presented a decrease in the battery lifetime by approximately 11 % in relation to the deterministic battery lifetime analysis. On the other hand, the peak shaving presented a decrease in the battery lifetime by approximately 17.4 %. In addition, the pack-level analysis revealed a maximum reduction in the battery lifetime by approximately 30%, when compared to the conventional deterministic battery reliability estimation procedure.

关键词：

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Zero-Current Switching Clamped Current Converter

Zero-Current Switching Clamped Current Converter

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Brazilian Power electronics Conference, COBEP

作者： Vinicius Freire Bezerra Montiê Alves Vitorino Jens Friebe Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering (PPgEE-COPELE) Industrial Electronics and Machine Drive Laboratory (LEIAM) Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG) Institute for Drive Systems and Power Electronics (IAL) Leibniz Universität Hannover (LUH)

ISBN: (纸本)9781665421300

In this work it is presented a novel Zero-Current Switching Clamped Current (ZCS-CC) Converter that allows soft-switching for a full-bridge DC/DC Current Source Converter (CSC). The soft-switching is achieved using the inherent stray inductance of the switches and diodes, which forms a resonant tank with the output capacitive filter. This period of resonance occurs in the dead time between the two complementary switches of the full-bridge and is enough for both to be comutated with zero current. It is presented the theoretical foundation that justify its operation as well as the simulation and experimental results.

关键词： Inductance Capacitance Power electronics Zero current switching

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A study on Non-parametric Filtering in Linear and Nonlinear Control Loops using the Singular Spectrum Analysis

A study on Non-parametric Filtering in Linear and Nonlinear ...

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Annual IEEE Systems Conference

作者： Emerson A. Silva Leonardo A. Mozelli Michel C. R. Leles Víctor C. S. Campos Guilherme Palazzo Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) Belo Horizonte MG Brazil Dep. of Electronics Engineering Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) Belo Horizonte MG Brazil Dep. of Technology Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ) Ouro Branco MG Brazil Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (ITA) SP Brazil

This study proposes the application of non-parametric filters based on the Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) method in linear and nonlinear control problems. The SSA is a general method for time series analysis that decomposes a signal into a set of additive components, including the measurement noise, in an adaptive way. It is highly adaptive to the behavior of signals and does not require any statistical assumptions. These flexible characteristics motivate the usage of SSA for control applications that demand filters with changing order or parameters, according to unknown disturbances of modeling errors, and applications that require the generation of smooth trajectories and commands. To show the feasibility of linear control, the SSA was used to attenuate the measurement noise in PID control loops, and in the nonlinear case, the SSA was used in an online trajectory generation approach. Experimental results showed that the SSA reduces the system’s sensitivity to noise, allowing the use of the derivative action while maintaining satisfactory performance. As a trajectory filter, the SSA successfully generated bounded derivatives from discontinuous input signals with similar response curves as those obtained by a parametric trajectory filter.

关键词： Maximum likelihood detection Sensitivity PI control Time series analysis Nonlinear filters Time measurement Trajectory

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Genetically Modified Soybean Detection Using a Biosensor Electrode with a Self-Assembled Monolayer of Gold Nanoparticles

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Chou, Cheng-Chi Lin, Ying-Ting Kuznetsova, Iren Wang, Gou-Jen Department of Mechanical Engineering National Chung-Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine National Chung-Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics Russian Academy of Science Russia Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Chung-Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan

In this study, we proposed a genosensor that can qualitatively and quantitatively detect genetically modified soybeans using a simple electrode with evenly distributed single layer gold nanoparticles. The DNA sensing electrode is made by sputtering a gold film on the substrate, and then sequentially depositing 1,6-hexanedithiol and gold nanoparticles with sulfur groups on the substrate. Then, the complementary to the CaMV 35S promoter (P35S) was used as the capture probe. The DNA segments directly extracted from the genetically modified soybeans rather than the synthesized DNA segments were used to construct the detection standard curve. The experimental results showed that our genosensor could directly detect genetically modified genes extracted from soybeans. The gold nanoparticle sensing electrode developed in this research is suitable for qualitative and quantitative detection of genetically modified soybeans and can be further applied to the detection of other genetically modified crops in the future. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gold nanoparticles

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Proposals on the Root Data Domain Gateway and System Operations for IoT Data Interoperability

Proposals on the Root Data Domain Gateway and System Operati...

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International Conference on Information Networking

作者： Eisei Yoshida Tetsuya Yokotani Koichi Ishibashi Hiroaki Mukai Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering and Electronics Kanazawa Institute of Technology Nonoichi Ishikawa Japan College of Engeenring Kanazawa Institute of Technology Nonoichi Ishikawa Japan College of Engineering Kanazawa Institute of Technology Nonoichi Ishikawa Japan

ISBN: (数字)9781728191010

ISBN: (纸本)9781728191027

With the increasing developments in the Internet of Things (IoT), smart-city applications have been attracting widespread interest in many governments, organizations, and companies. The FED4IoT project is a research and innovation project that aims to develop a smart-city application, named “VirIoT,” which realizes the semantic interoperability of IoT data among numerous IoT applications from different grounds. To realize the semantic interoperability of IoT data, data management on cloud platforms, such as FIWARE, is considered necessary. Therefore, the development of a root data domain gateway (RDG), which analyzes IoT data, converts its data format, and posts the data to the cloud service, is required. In this project, Kanazawa Institute of Technology has chosen wildlife monitoring as one of the use cases of the project, and its system using IoT has been designed and developed. Furthermore, its data model has been created for the development of the RDG. Finally, the RDG has been developed as a first step in the semantic interoperability of IoT data.

关键词： Cloud computing Wildlife Semantics Logic gates Internet of Things Interoperability Monitoring

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Reduction of interface defects in gate-recessed GaN HEMTs by neutral beam etching

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Materials Today Advances 2024年 23卷

作者： Yu, Chia Hao Chiang, Wei Hsiang Chen, Yi-Ho Samukawa, Seiji Wuu, Dong Sing Chung, Chin-Han Hsiao, Ching-Lien Horng, Ray Hua Institute of Electronics National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Chung Hsing University Graduate Degree Program of College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Institute of Comunications Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Department of Applied Materials and Optoelectronic Engineering National Chi Nan University International College of Semiconductor Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Thin Film Physics Division Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology (IFM) Linköping University

This study investigates and compares the impact of different etching techniques on the fabrication of GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) between the inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching (ICP-RIE) and the neutral beam etching (NBE) for the gate recess. By conducting direct current analysis, it was found that devices manufactured using the NBE exhibited superior electrical performance as compared with those produced using the ICP-RIE. These enhanced electrical characteristics include a transconductance of up to 100.4 mS/mm, a threshold voltage (V_th) of −2.3 V, an on/off current ratio of 1.1 × 10⁹, a subthreshold swing (S.S.) of 99.63 mV/dec, and a remarkably low gate leakage current. Additionally, we noted varying degrees of hysteresis in the I–V characteristics were related to process disparities possibly leading to interface defects. Multi-frequency capacitance-voltage (C–V) measurements were used to identify the interface defects at the oxide/AlGaN interface of the gate. The results revealed that devices fabricated using the NBE exhibited a lower interface defect density as compared with those fabricated using the ICP-RIE, thereby elucidating the reduced hysteresis observed in the I–V characteristics. These findings indicated the significant advantages of the NBE process in the fabrication of GaN HEMTs. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： GaN HEMTs Gate recess Interface defects Multi-frequency C–V Neutral beam etching

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