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International Seminar on Intelligent Technology and Its Applications (ISITIA)

作者： Muhammad Hasan Albana Harus Laksana Guntur Ary Bachtiar Khrisna Putra Graduate Program of Mechanical Engineering Department Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya Indonesia Mechanical Engineering Department Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya Indonesia

When using an electric scooter, there is a problem with the electric motor overheating. Temperatures that are too high will damage motor performance and reduce reliability. As a result, heat transfer from electric motors needs to be carefully considered. This study aims to determine the thermal characteristics of an electric motor by varying the rotational speed. The rotational speeds varied were 250 rpm, 500 rpm, and 750 rpm. Using finite element analysis to answer research questions, the software used is Ansys Motor-CAD. The type of electric motor used is a wheel hub motor with a power of 1.5 kW. The findings indicate that the rotating speed influenced the thermal properties of a wheel hub motor. Wheel hub motor components, including the winding, stator, rotor, cover, and axle, exhibit a drop in temperature with increasing rotational speed. The winding is the component that experiences the highest temperature, and the cover is the component that experiences the lowest temperature. The winding loss value is much higher than the stator, magnet, and rotor loss. Compared to other rotational speeds, the winding temperature at 750 rpm rotational speed achieved a stable temperature the quickest, at 519 minutes, while the temperatures at 250 rpm and 500 rpm reached stable temperatures, respectively, at 592.2 and 550.5 minutes.

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The effect of grooves on the in-wheel motor cover of an electric scooter to increase the heat transfer process

The effect of grooves on the in-wheel motor cover of an elec...

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Computer Science, Information Technology and engineering (ICCoSITE), International Conference on

Excessive heat will reduce the torque, power, and efficiency of the in-wheel motor, for example, the in-wheel motor used for an electric scooter. This study discusses an effort to reduce the temperature of the in-wheel motor of an electric scooter by making grooves on the cover surface. If the temperature of the in-wheel motor cover is low, it will reduce the temperature of the in-wheel motor as a whole. This research uses the finite element method: steady-state thermal analysis and transient thermal analysis. The software used is Ansys Workbench. Suppose a heat flux of 1000 W/m 2 is inside the in- wheel motor, the metal used as a cover is aluminum, 22°C is the starting temperature, and the ambient temperature is 28°C. The results showed that the grooves on the in-wheel motor cover caused the temperature to be reduced by 8.4%, and the total heat flux increased by 8.3% compared to the standard in-wheel motor cover (cover without modifications). In this study, the transient thermal analysis described the heat transfer process better than a steady-state thermal analysis.

关键词： Motorcycles Wheels Software Thermal analysis Steady-state Finite element analysis Transient analysis

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The Effect of Fins Design on the Thermal Characteristics of Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles

The Effect of Fins Design on the Thermal Characteristics of ...

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International Conference on Advanced Mechatronics, Intelligent Manufacture, and Industrial Automation (ICAMIMIA)

The increasing public demand for electric vehicles also impacts the demand for electric motors. The prominent problem electric motors faces are excess heat when operating because it affects the age and performance of the electric motor. Installing fins on the electric motor housing is one way to reduce heat on the electric motor. In this study, a comparison of the six-fin design was carried out, and the effect on the thermal characteristics of the electric motor was examined. Fins are mounted radially and axially. The six types of fin designs studied are radial fins-round, radial fins-square, radial fins-servo, axial fins-round, axial fins-square, and axial fins-servo. The research uses the lumped circuit models method, and the software used is Motor-CAD. The type of electric motor being studied is a brushless permanent magnet machine (BPM) with an internal rotor. The study's findings indicate that the fin's performance in cooling the electric motor depends on its area. The lower temperatures in the axial fins-servo and radial fins-square compared to other fin designs are due to the broader area of the axial fins-servo and radial fins-square compared to the others. Axially mounted fins provide better cooling than radially mounted fins. For example, the winding temperature on the axial fins-servo is 140.54°C, and the winding temperature on the radial fins-square is 140.86°C even though the area of the axial fins-servo is 22.7% smaller than the area of the radial fins-servo.

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Sub-optimal Perceptron Controller Using WOA Algorithm for Farming Watering Mobile Robot

Sub-optimal Perceptron Controller Using WOA Algorithm for Fa...

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Latin America Congress on Computational Intelligence (LA-CCI)

作者： M. A. Pastrana L. H. Oliveira J. Bautista Jesus Pinto-Lopera Jose Mendoza-Peñaloza Daniel M. Muñoz Department of Mechanical Engineering Mechatronics Graduate Program University of Brasilia Brasilia DF Brazil Faculty of Engineering Systems Undergraduate Program Florencia University of the Amazonia Caquetá Colombia Faculty of Gama Electronics Engineering Undergraduate Program University of Brasilia Brasilia DF Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9798350374575

ISBN: (纸本)9798350374582

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are intricate mathematical models, drawing inspiration from the biological nervous system, and offering intelligence alongside nonparametric capabilities. The efficacy of ANNs heavily relies on their learning process. Heuristic search algorithms have been proposed in literature as reliable options for optimizing neural networks utilizing the Perceptron architecture. This paper presents an suboptimal neural network Perceptron training method employing the Whale Optimization Algorithm for the application of farming watering mobile robots. To achieve this, a fitness function based on system responses such as overshoot, settling Time, and steady-state Error was developed. The sub-optimal Perceptron controller was then implemented using MATLAB, CoppeliaSim software and the EVA robot, resulting in a 66.17% overshoot, a 4.7% steady-state error, and a settling time of 3.05 seconds. Moreover, the sub-optimal Perceptron controller was mapped onto a System on Chip FPGA AMD-Xilinx Zynq 7020, resulting in a hardware resources consumption of 1,870 (3.52%) Lookup table, 2 (0.9%) Digital Signal Processing blocks, 1,019 (0.96%) Flip-Flops and a power consumtion of 0.005 W. Finally, Hardware-in-the-Loop validation was performed using CoppeliaSim, Python, Universal Direct Memory Access, and the EVA robot. The results showed an overshoot of 94.83%, a settling time of 2 seconds, and a steady-state error of 4.5%.

关键词： Software algorithms Signal processing algorithms Software Hardware Whale optimization algorithms Steady-state Mobile robots MATLAB Farming Python

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Motion Measurement Methods for Nonlinear Analysis of Electrostatic MEMS Resonators 20

Motion Measurement Methods for Nonlinear Analysis of Electro...

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20th International Conference on Smart Technologies, EUROCON 2023

作者： Ghommem, Mehdi Alattar, Basil Lherbette, Michael Elhady, Alaaeldin Abdel-Rahman, Eihab American University of Sharjah Department of Mechanical Engineering Sharjah26666 United Arab Emirates Mechatronics Graduate Program American University of Sharjah Sharjah26666 United Arab Emirates SmarAct Metrology Rohdenweg Oldenburg Germany Systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781665463973

In this paper, we compare two measurement techniques to analyze the dynamic response of a MEMS resonator, made of a microcantilever beam, that is electrostatically actuated via a side electrode. The first method is based on a combination of Michelson interferometry, knife-edge analysis, and stroboscopic imaging, and is used to dissect the in-plane and out-of-plane motions of the resonator. The second approach follows the motion-induced current method and is based on a transduction mechanism that converts the movement of the resonator to a current signal. The third harmonic of said current is directly related to the in-plane motion of the resonator. Motion-induced current measurements enable the detection of the nonlinear dynamics associated with the motion of the resonator when actuated with high excitation voltages. The optical and electrical measurements show similar nonlinear features in terms of the location of the cyclic-fold bifurcation in the parameter space and the hysteretic region associated with it. These dynamic features can be exploited for sensing purposes. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Interferometry

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Transferrin-Mediated Nanophotosensitizer to Enhance Phototherapy with Photoacoustic Imaging Under Hypoxia

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CCS Chemistry 2025年第4期7卷 1127-1141页

作者： Mengyao Yang Yunyoung Nah Donghyeon Oh Xingshu Li Heejeong Kim Sinyoung Park Junha Lim Aibing Chen Chulhong Kim Won Jong Kim Juyoung Yoon College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering Hebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang 050018 Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Ewha Womans UniversitySeoul 03760 Department of Chemistry POSTECH-Catholic Biomedical Engineering InstitutePOSTECHPohang 37673 Department of Electrical Engineering Convergence IT EngineeringMechanical Engineeringand Medical Science and EngineeringMedical Device Innovation CenterPOSTECHPohang 37673 Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy College of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108 School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering POSTECHPohang 37673 Graduate Program in Innovative Biomaterials Convergence Ewha Womans UniversitySeoul 03760

Various obstacles[poor tissue penetration,hypoxic tumor microenvironment,and reactive oxygen species(ROS)production quenching due to aggregation]obstruct imaging-guided high-efficiency phototherapy targeting ***,nanophthalocyanine(ZnPcN4-TF)is elaborately designed based on a synthetic phthalocyanine derivative(ZnPcN4)and nonimmunogenic transferrin(TF)through multiple noncovalent interactions for photoacoustic(PA)imaging-guided *** conjugating electron-rich amino groups effectively suppressed fluorescence and ROS generation due to the strong photoinduced electron transfer effect,ZnPcN4 became an ideal photothermal and PA imaging ***4-TF not only effectively targeted tumor sites and accumulated there,but also,surprisingly,facilitated the enhancement of ROS production via a type I process in an aggregate compared to ZnPcN4 itself,potentially due to accelerated electron ***,ZnPcN4-TF had a substantially more powerful photothermal effect than ZnPcN4 ***,this design effectively overcomes the obstacles to photodynamic therapy(aggregation-related ROS generation quenching in a hypoxic environment).Furthermore,PA imaging solves the tissue penetration challenge in optical *** study provides a broader base for designing novel photosensitizers to improve phototherapy under hypoxia.

关键词： photoacoustic imaging type I reactive oxygen species photothermal effect tumor accumulation self-assembly

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Development of High-Speed Laser Absorption Scattering (HS-LAS) System for Measuring Vapor and Liquid Phase Concentration Distributions in Evaporating Diesel Spray 10

Development of High-Speed Laser Absorption Scattering (HS-LA...

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10th International Conference on Modeling and Diagnostics for Advanced Engine Systems, COMODIA 2022

作者： Ray, Samir Chandra Naito, Shinichiro Safiullah Andersson, Mats Nishida, Keiya Ogata, Yoichi Sasaki, Hiroyasu Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering Graduate School of Engineering University of Hiroshima Japan Department of Mathematics Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science & Technology University Gopalganj Bangladesh Mechanical Engineering Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering University of Hiroshima Japan Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences Chalmers University of Technology Goteborg Sweden Nac Image Technology Inc. Japan

The fundamental concept of the LAS technique is to understand the fuel concentration by attenuation of both visible and ultraviolet light. The intensity of visible light is only attenuated by the scattering of droplets, while that of ultraviolet light is attenuated by the scattering of droplets and the absorption of vapors. The conventional LAS uses the ND: YAG pulse laser, CCD cameras and one shot for one spray, which takes time and effort. Moreover, temporal variation measurement of a single shot spray is not possible by the conventional LAS. To record the distribution of the whole vapor phase in an injection event and measure the liquid and vapor concentration inside the spray, a high-speed laser absorption scattering (HS-LAS) technique was developed applying continuous diode light source, high-speed video cameras, and image intensifier for UV light, which can provide the temporal variation of a single shot spray. In the experiment, a commercial seven-hole injector with a hole diameter of 0.123 mm allowing high injection pressure up to 100 MPa was used to avoid the potential inconsistencies with single-hole test injector. The diesel surrogate fuel which consists of 97.5 % n-tridecane and 2.5 % of volume-based 1-methylnaphthalene was used. The injection amount 5.0 mg/hole were selected to investigate the structure and mixture formation process of the spray. The findings of the experiments show that this imaging approach is a promising diagnostic technique for concurrently obtaining quantitative information on the quantity of vapor and droplets in a fuel spray. Furthermore, the turbulent/vortex fluid dynamics' temporal development/variation can be investigated. © 2022 by the Japan Society of mechanical Engineers All rights reserved.

关键词： Diesel engines

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Modular Safety-Critical Control of Legged Robots

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Tosun, Berk Samur, Evren Graduate Program in Systems and Control Engineering Bogazici University Istanbul Turkey Department of Mechanical Engineering Bogazici University Istanbul Turkey

Safety concerns during the operation of legged robots must be addressed to enable their widespread use. Machine learning-based control methods that use model-based constraints provide promising means to improve robot safety. This study presents a modular safety filter to improve the safety of a legged robot, i.e., reduce the chance of a fall. The prerequisite is the availability of a robot that is capable of locomotion, i.e., a nominal controller exists. During locomotion, terrain properties around the robot are estimated through machine learning which uses a minimal set of proprioceptive signals. A novel deep-learning model utilizing an efficient transformer architecture is used for the terrain estimation. A quadratic program combines the terrain estimations with inverse dynamics and a novel exponential control barrier function constraint to filter and certify nominal control signals. The result is an optimal controller that acts as a filter. The filtered control signal allows safe locomotion of the robot. The resulting approach is generalizable, and could be transferred with low effort to any other legged system. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Robots

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3D Simulation Combustion Characteristics Of EFB Biomass Co-Firing With Low Rank Coal In Pulverized Coal Boiler

3D Simulation Combustion Characteristics Of EFB Biomass Co-F...

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International Conference on Advanced Mechatronics, Intelligent Manufacture, and Industrial Automation (ICAMIMIA)

作者： I Nyoman Agus Adi Saputra Prabowo Atok Setiyawan I Gusti Bagus Wijaya Kusuma Sobar Ihsan Hariana Graduate Program of Mechanical Engineering Department Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya Indonesia Mechanical Engineering Department Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya Indonesia Mechanical Engineering Department Udayana University Indonesia

Climate change has received a lot of attention due to high emissions in the energy sector from coal-dependent generators, but the solution that can be done to overcome this is the co-firing method through CFD simulation with a discrete phase model (DPM) carried out by adding EFB biomass in a ratio 5% and 95% LRC coal are injected into the boiler combustion furnace. The research was carried out on a PC boiler with a generation capacity of 315Mwe. The research results show that the addition of EFB biomass to coal combustion causes changes in the calorific value which has an impact on the high temperature of the combustion process. However, it has a good impact from the operational side of burning coal particles.

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The Influence of Overcharging and Over-Discharging on the Capacity Degradation of Lithium-Ion Batteries

The Influence of Overcharging and Over-Discharging on the Ca...

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IEEE Conference on Vehicle Power and Propulsion (VPPC)

作者： Joelton Deonei Gotz Marco Antonio Simões Teixeira Fernanda Cristina Corrêa Emilson Ribeiro Viana Alceu André Badin Milton Borsato Graduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR-CT) Curitiba Brazil Graduate Program in Informatics (PPGIa) Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUC-PR) Curitiba Brazil Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR-PG) Ponta Grossa Brazil Physics Department Graduate Program in Physics and Astronomy Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR-CT) Curitiba Brazil Graduate Program in Mechanical Engineering Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR-CT) Curitiba Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9798331541606

ISBN: (纸本)9798331541613

Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) are the best technology for supplying and storing energy for electric mobility systems. Despite that, this technology is sensitive to abuses that can compromise its lifetime and cause fire and explosion risks. In this context, if LIB is not correctly controlled, some abuses, such as overcharging (OC) and over-discharging (OD), can be observed and provoke a loss of capacity. Therefore, this work presented the application of several experiments in cells, of the NMC type, under OC and the combination of OC and OD. The results indicated that cells charged until 4.4 and 4.5 V and discharged until 3.0 V do not lose capacity for twenty-five cycles, but more cycles should be done to understand the impact over time. On the other side, the cell charged until 4.6 and 4.8 V had its security protection romped in the fourth charging cycle, and the cell charged until 5.0 V had its safety compromised in the first charging cycle. Conversely, cells with a combination of OC and OD were more compromised. In this context, while a cell is submitted only with OC and does not lose capacity, a cell under OC and then under OD had its protection romped in the third charging cycle. Cells under 4.6 V and 4.8 V lost capacity during the second charging cycle. In conclusion, OC provokes a high level of degradation in the cell, but the combination of OC and OD causes even more degradation.

关键词： Degradation Lithium-ion batteries Battery management systems Propulsion Security Reliability Protection Stress Monitoring Predictive maintenance

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