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Responsive materials 2023年第1期1卷

作者： Jingjing Gao Yuqi Tang Daniele Martella Jinbao Guo Diederik S. Wiersma Quan Li Key Laboratory of Carbon Fibers and Functional Polymers Ministry of Education Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China Contribution: Writing - original draft (lead) Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing China Contribution: Writing - original draft (supporting) European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy Sesto Fiorentino Italy Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM) Turin Italy Contribution: Writing - original draft (supporting) Writing - review & editing (supporting) Contribution: Conceptualization (lead) Project administration (lead) Writing - review & editing (lead) Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Florence Sesto Fiorentino Italy Jinbao Guo Diederik S. Wiersma and Quan Li. Contribution: Writing - review & editing (lead) Materials Science Graduate Program Kent State University Kent Ohio USA Contribution: Conceptualization (equal) Project administration (equal) Resources (lead) Supervision (lead) Writing - review & editing (lead)

Photonic actuators, serving as an emerging kind of intelligent stimuli-responsive material, can exhibit the abilities to change their structural colors/fluorescence and shapes under specific external stimuli, which have demonstrated essential applications in the fields of intelligent soft robotics, sensors, bionics, information storage, anti-counterfeiting, and energy harvesting. In this review, we reported the state-of-the-art research progress of stimuli-responsive photonic actuators classified on the basis of the material type and focusing on the actuation mechanisms, design principles, and processing techniques. We also broadly summarized the relative applications of photonic actuators in bionics, intelligent robots, sensors, and so on. Finally, a vision for the challenges in the area and future promising directions of stimuli-responsive photonic actuators is presented.

关键词： actuator fluorescence liquid crystal elastomer photonic crystal stimuli-responsive material

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Supramolecular dissipative self-assembly systems: Approaches and applications

Responsive Materials

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Responsive materials 2023年第2期1卷

作者： Xiao-Fang Hou Xiao Chen Jia-Hao Wei Yang Xu Xu-Man Chen Quan Li Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing China Contribution: Writing - original draft (lead) Writing - review & editing (equal) Contribution: Conceptualization (supporting) Writing - original draft (supporting) Writing - review & editing (supporting) Contribution: Writing - original draft (supporting) Writing - review & editing (supporting) Contribution: Conceptualization (lead) Resources (equal) Supervision (lead) Writing - original draft (equal) Writing - review & editing (equal) Materials Science Graduate Program Kent State University Kent OH USA Xu-Man Chen and Quan Li. Contribution: Conceptualization (lead) Resources (lead) Supervision (lead) Writing - original draft (supporting) Writing - review & editing (lead)

Dissipative self-assembly (DSA) system requires a continuous supply of fuels to maintain the far-from-equilibrium assembled state. Living organisms exist and operate far from the thermodynamic equilibrium by continuous consumption of energy taken from the surroundings, so how to realize the construction of the artificial DSA system has attracted much attention by researchers all over the world. Owing to dynamic controllable noncovalent interactions, artificial supramolecular DSA systems have achieved higher functions fueled by various types of energy, such as chemical fuels, light, electric energy, acoustic energy, and mechanical energy. Upon the input of external fuels, nonactive precursors can be activated to form building blocks at higher energy levels and then self-assemble into transient supramolecular structures. As the proceeding of deactivation reaction, the building blocks with higher energy level dissipate back to the initial precursors, resulting in the disassembly process, to complete a full cycle. In this review, we summarize the recent advances of artificial supramolecular DSA systems on its construction strategies and energy-fueled regulation approaches. The applications of supramolecular DSA systems in luminescence modulating, information encryption, self-regulating gels, drug delivery, and catalysis are also discussed. We hope that this review article will facilitate further understanding and development of DSA systems.

关键词： dissipative self-assembly dynamic system out-of-equilibrium system stimuli responsive material supramolecular self-assembly

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Phase transitions in the frustrated Ising ladder with stoquastic and nonstoquastic catalysts

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Physical Review Research 2021年第4期3卷 043013-043013页

作者： Kabuki Takada Shigetoshi Sota Seiji Yunoki Bibek Pokharel Hidetoshi Nishimori Daniel A. Lidar Department of Physics Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama Kanagawa 226-8503 Japan Computational Materials Science Research Team RIKEN Center for Computational Science (R-CCS) Kobe Hyogo 650-0047 Japan Computational Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR) Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan Computational Quantum Matter Research Team RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan Department of Physics University of Southern California Los Angeles California 90089 USA Center for Quantum Information Science & Technology University of Southern California Los Angeles California 90089 USA Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama Kanagawa 226-8503 Japan Graduate School of Information Sciences Tohoku University Sendai Miyagi 980-8579 Japan RIKEN Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences Program (iTHEMS) Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Department of Chemistry University of Southern California Los Angeles California 90089 USA

The role of nonstoquasticity in the field of quantum annealing and adiabatic quantum computing is an actively debated topic. We study a strongly-frustrated quasi-one-dimensional quantum Ising model on a two-leg ladder to elucidate how a first-order phase transition with a topological origin is affected by interactions of the ±XX-type. Such interactions are sometimes known as stoquastic (negative sign) and nonstoquastic (positive sign) “catalysts”. Carrying out a symmetry-preserving real-space renormalization group analysis and extensive density-matrix renormalization group computations, we show that the phase diagrams obtained by these two methods are in qualitative agreement with each other and reveal that the first-order quantum phase transition of a topological nature remains stable against the introduction of both XX-type catalysts. This is the first study of the effects of nonstoquasticity on a first-order phase transition between topologically distinct phases. Our results indicate that nonstoquastic catalysts are generally insufficient for removing topological obstacles in quantum annealing and adiabatic quantum computing.

关键词： Adiabatic quantum optimization Phase transitions by order Quantum spin models Density matrix renormalization group Renormalization group

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Tunneling spectroscopy of c-axis epitaxial cuprate junctions

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Physical Review B 2020年第22期101卷 224512-224512页

作者： Panpan Zhou Liyang Chen Ilya Sochnikov Tsz Chun Wu Matthew S. Foster Anthony T. Bollinger Xi He Ivan Božović Douglas Natelson Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA Department of Physics University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut 06269 USA Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973–5000 USA Department of Chemistry Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA

Atomically precise epitaxial structures are unique systems for tunneling spectroscopy that minimize extrinsic effects of disorder. We present a systematic tunneling spectroscopy study, over a broad doping, temperature, and bias range, in epitaxial c-axis La2−xSrxCuO4/La2CuO4/La2−xSrxCuO4 heterostructures. The behavior of these superconductor/insulator/superconductor (SIS) devices is unusual. Down to 20 mK there is complete suppression of c-axis Josephson critical current with a barrier of only 2 nm of La2CuO4, and the zero-bias conductance remains at 20–30% of the normal-state conductance, implying a substantial population of in-gap states. Tunneling spectra show greatly suppressed coherence peaks. As the temperature is raised, the superconducting gap fills in rather than closing at Tc. For all doping levels, the spectra show an inelastic tunneling feature at ∼80 meV, suppressed as T exceeds Tc. These nominally simple epitaxial cuprate junctions deviate markedly from expectations based on the standard Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory.

关键词： Coherence length Impurities in superconductors Josephson effect Quasiparticles & collective excitations Superconducting gap Superconducting phase transition d-wave Cuprates Heterostructures High-temperature superconductors Multilayer thin films Scanning tunneling spectroscopy

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A Dual-Responsive Liquid Crystal Elastomer for Multi-Level Encryption and Transient Information Display

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Angewandte Chemie 2023年第48期135卷

作者： Hong-Qin Wang Yuqi Tang Zi-Yang Huang Fang-Zhou Wang Peng-Fei Qiu Xinfang Zhang Prof. Cheng-Hui Li Prof. Quan Li State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University 210023 Nanjing China Contribution: Investigation (lead) Writing - original draft (lead) Writing - review & editing (supporting) Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southeast University 211189 Nanjing China Contribution: Investigation (supporting) Writing - original draft (supporting) Writing - review & editing (supporting) Materials Science Graduate Program Kent State University 44242 Kent Ohio USA Contribution: Conceptualization (equal) Funding acquisition (equal) Investigation (supporting) Project administration (lead) Writing - original draft (supporting) Writing - review & editing (equal) Contribution: Conceptualization (equal) Funding acquisition (equal) Investigation (supporting) Supervision (lead) Writing - original draft (supporting) Writing - review & editing (equal)

Information security has gained increasing attention in the past decade, leading to the development of advanced materials for anti-counterfeiting, encryption and instantaneous information display. However, it remains challenging to achieve high information security with simple encryption procedures and low-energy stimuli. Herein, a series of strain/temperature-responsive liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are developed to achieve dual-modal, multi-level information encryption and real-time, rewritable transient information display. The as-prepared polydomain LCEs can change from an opaque state to a transparent state under strain or temperature stimuli, with the transition strains or temperatures highly dependent on the concentration of long-chain flexible spacers. Information encrypted by different LCE inks can be decrypted under specific strains or temperatures, leading to multi-level protection of information security. Furthermore, with the combination of the phase transition of polydomain LCEs and the photothermal effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), we achieved a repeatable transient information display by using near-infrared (NIR) light as a pen for writing. This study provides new insight into the development of advanced encryption materials with versatility and high security for broad applications.

关键词： Dual-Responsive Information Display Liquid Crystal Elastomer Multi-Level Encryption Transparency Transition

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EMPRESS. IX. Extremely Metal-Poor Galaxies are Very Gas-Rich Dispersion-Dominated Systems: Will JWST Witness Gaseous Turbulent High-z Primordial Galaxies?

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Isobe, Yuki Ouchi, Masami Nakajima, Kimihiko Ozaki, Shinobu Bouché, Nicolas F. Wise, John H. Xu, Yi Emsellem, Eric Kusakabe, Haruka Hattori, Takashi Nagao, Tohru Chiaki, Gen Fukushima, Hajime Harikane, Yuichi Hayashi, Kohei Hirai, Yutaka Kim, Ji Hoon Maseda, Michael V. Nagamine, Kentaro Shibuya, Takatoshi Sugahara, Yuma Yajima, Hidenobu Aoyama, Shohei Fujimoto, Seiji Fukushima, Keita Hatano, Shun Inoue, Akio K. Ishigaki, Tsuyoshi Kawasaki, Masahiro Kojima, Takashi Komiyama, Yutaka Koyama, Shuhei Koyama, Yusei Lee, Chien-Hsiu Matsumoto, Akinori Mawatari, Ken Moriya, Takashi J. Motohara, Kentaro Murai, Kai Nishigaki, Moka Onodera, Masato Ono, Yoshiaki Rauch, Michael Saito, Tomoki Sasaki, Rin Suzuki, Akihiro Takeuchi, Tsutomu T. Umeda, Hiroya Umemura, Masayuki Watanabe, Kuria Yabe, Kiyoto Zhang, Yechi Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Department of Physics Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo113-0033 Japan National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa277-8583 Japan Univ Lyon Univ Lyon1 ENS de Lyon CNRS Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon UMR5574 Saint-Genis-LavalF-69230 France Center for Relativistic Astrophysics School of Physics Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States Department of Astronomy Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo113-0033 Japan European Southern Observatory Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2 Garching85748 Germany Observatoire de Genéve Université de Genéve 51 Ch. des Maillettes Versoix1290 Switzerland 650 North A'ohoku Place HiloHI96720 United States Research Center for Space and Cosmic Evolution Ehime University Bunkyo-cho 2-5 Ehime Matsuyama790-8577 Japan Center for Computational Sciences University of Tsukuba Ten-nodai 1-1-1 Tsukuba Ibaraki305-8577 Japan Department of Physics and Astronomy University College London Gower Street LondonWC1E 6BT United Kingdom National Institute of Technology Ichinoseki College Hagisho Ichinoseki021-8511 Japan Astronomical Institute Tohoku University 6-3 Aoba Aramaki Aoba-ku Miyagi Sendai980-8578 Japan Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Notre Dame 225 Nieuwland Science Hall Notre DameIN46556 United States Astronomy Program Department of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of SNU Astronomy Research Center Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Department of Astronomy University of Wisconsin-Madison 475 N. Charter Street MadisonWI53706 United States Theoretical Astrophysics Department of Earth & Space S

We present kinematics of 6 local extremely metal-poor galaxies (EMPGs) with low metallicities (0.016 − 0.098 Z☉) and low stellar masses (104.7 − 107.6M☉). Taking deep medium-high resolution (R ∼ 7500) integral-field spectra with 8.2-m Subaru, we resolve the small inner velocity gradients and dispersions of the EMPGs with Hα emission. Carefully masking out sub-structures originated by inflow and/or outflow, we fit 3-dimensional disk models to the observed Hα flux, velocity, and velocity-dispersion maps. All the EMPGs show rotational velocities (vrot) of 5-23 km s−1 smaller than the velocity dispersions (σ0) of 17-31 km s−1, indicating dispersion-dominated (vrot/σ0 = 0.29−0.80 gas 0.9 − 1.0. Comparing our results with other Hα kinematics studies, we find that vrot/σ0 decreases and fgas increases with decreasing metallicity, decreasing stellar mass, and increasing specific star-formation rate. We also find that simulated high-z (z ∼ 7) forming galaxies have gas fractions and dynamics similar to the observed EMPGs. Our EMPG observations and the simulations suggest that primordial galaxies are gas-rich dispersion-dominated systems, which would be identified by the forthcoming James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) observations at z ∼ 7. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Galaxies

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Microchip-Based Structure Determination of Small Proteins Using Cryo-EM

SSRN

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SSRN 2020年

作者： Casasanta, Michael A. Jonaid, G.M. Kaylor, Liam Luqiu, William Y. Solares, Maria J. Schroen, Mariah L. Dearnaley, William J. Wilson, Jarad Dukes, Madeline J. Kelly, Deborah F. Department of Biomedical Engineering Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Materials Research Institute Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Bioinformatics and Genomics Graduate Program Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Molecular Cellular and Integrative Biosciences Graduate Program Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke University DurhamNC27708 United States RayBiotech Life Peachtree CornersGA30092 United States Applications Science Protochips Inc MorrisvilleNC27560 United States

Interest in cryo-Electron Microscopy (EM) imaging has skyrocketed in recent years due to its pristine views of macromolecules and materials. As advances in instrumentation and computing algorithms spurred this progress, there is renewed focus to address specimen-related challenges. Here we contribute a microchip-based toolkit to perform complementary structural and biochemical analysis on low molecular-weight proteins. As a model system, we used the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein (48 kDa) due to its stability and important role in therapeutic development. Cryo-EM structures of the N protein monomer revealed a flexible N-terminal “top hat” motif and a helical-rich C-terminal domain. To complement our structural findings, we engineered microchip-based immunoprecipitation assays that led to the discovery of the first antibody binding site on the N protein. The data also facilitated molecular modeling of a variety of pandemic and common cold-related coronavirus proteins. Such insights may guide future pandemic-preparedness protocols through immuno-engineering strategies to mitigate viral outbreaks. © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Proteins

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Control of microswimmers by spiral nematic vortices: Transition from individual to collective motion and contraction, expansion, and stable circulation of bacterial swirls

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Physical Review Research 2020年第3期2卷 033060-033060页

作者： Runa Koizumi Taras Turiv Mikhail M. Genkin Robert J. Lastowski Hao Yu Irakli Chaganava Qi-Huo Wei Igor S. Aranson Oleg D. Lavrentovich Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute Materials Science Graduate Program Kent State University Kent Ohio 44242 USA Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1 Bungtown Road Cold Spring Harbor New York 11724 USA Department of Chemistry University of Scranton Scranton Pennsylvania 18510 USA Institute of Cybernetics of Georgian Technical University Tbilisi 0186 Georgia Georgian State Teaching University of Physical Education and Sport Tbilisi 0162 Georgia Department of Physics Kent State University Kent Ohio 44242 USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802 USA

Active systems composed of self-propelled units show fascinating transitions from Brownian-like dynamics to collective coherent motion. Swirling of swimming bacteria is a spectacular example. This study demonstrates that a nematic liquid crystal environment patterned as a spiral vortex controls individual-to-collective transition in bacterial swirls and defines whether they expand or shrink. In dilute dispersions, the bacteria swim along open spiral trajectories, following the preimposed molecular orientation. The trajectories are nonpolar. As their concentration exceeds some threshold, the bacteria condense into unipolar circular swirls resembling stable limit cycles. This collective circular motion is controlled by the spiral angle that defines the splay-to-bend ratio of the background director. Vortices with dominating splay shrink the swirls toward the center, while vortices with dominating bend expand them to the periphery. Spiraling vortices of 45∘ with splay-bend parity produce the most stable swirls. All the dynamic scenarios are explained by hydrodynamic interactions of bacteria mediated by the patterned passive nematic environment and by the coupling between the concentration and orientation. The acquired knowledge of how to control individual and collective motion of microswimmers by a nematic environment can help in the development of microscopic mechanical systems.

关键词： Applications of soft matter Biomimetic & bio-inspired materials

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Phase-change metal ink with pH-controlled chemical sintering for versatile and scalable fabrication of variable stiffness electronics

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science advances 2025年第22期11卷 eadv4921页

作者： Simok Lee Gun-Hee Lee Inho Kang Woojin Jeon Semin Kim Yejin Ahn Choong Yeon Kim Do A Kwon Michael D Dickey Steve Park Seongjun Park Jae-Woong Jeong School of Electrical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea. Medical Research Center Seoul National University Seoul 03080 Republic of Korea. Departments of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering and Optics and Mechatronics Engineering Pusan National University Busan 46241 Republic of Korea. Graduate School of Semiconductor Technology Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea. KAIST Information and Electronics Research Institute Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea. Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Cambridge MA 02139 USA. Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Cambridge MA 02139 USA. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering North Carolina State University (NCSU) Raleigh NC 27606 USA. Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea. KAIST Institute for NanoCentury Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea. Department of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine Seoul National University Seoul 03080 Republic of Korea. School of Transdisciplinary Innovations Seoul National University Seoul 03080 Republic of Korea. Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering College of Engineering Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea. Department of Transdisciplinary Medicine Seoul National University Hospital Seoul 03080 Republic of Korea. KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea.

Variable stiffness electronics represent the forefront of adaptive technology, integrating rigid and soft electronics in a single system through dynamic mechanical modulation. While gallium's high modulus tuning ratio and rapid phase transitions make it ideal for transformative electronic systems (TES), its liquid-state instability, high surface tension, and unintended phase transitions during processing pose substantial challenges. Here, we introduce STiffness-Adjustable temperature-Responsive ink (STAR ink), a chemically sinterable gallium composite electronic ink designed to overcome these obstacles. STAR ink enables high-resolution (~50 micrometers) circuit patterning, large-scale batch fabrication, and three-dimensional structure coating at room temperature. Through pH-controlled chemical sintering, STAR ink-based TES exhibits exceptional mechanical tunability (tuning ratio: 1465) and electrical conductivity (2.27 × 10 siemens per meter). Demonstrated applications-from multilayered variable stiffness printed circuit boards (PCBs) matching standard PCBs' complexity to body-temperature responsive neural probe-underscore STAR ink's potential for reconfigurable electronics across consumer electronics and biomedical devices.

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Influence of Magnetic Fields on Electrochemical Reactions of Redox Cofactor Solutions

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Angewandte Chemie 2021年第33期133卷

作者： Jimin Park Florian Koehler Georgios Varnavides Marc-Joseph Antonini Prof. Dr. Polina Anikeeva Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA Research Laboratory of Electronics and McGovern Institute for Brain Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA Harvard/MIT Health Science & Technology Graduate Program Cambridge MA 02139 USA Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA

Redox cofactors mediate many enzymatic processes and are increasingly employed in biomedical and energy applications. Exploring the influence of external magnetic fields on redox cofactor chemistry can enhance our understanding of magnetic-field-sensitive biological processes and allow the application of magnetic fields to modulate redox reactions involving cofactors. Through a combination of experiments and modeling, we investigate the influence of magnetic fields on electrochemical reactions in redox cofactor solutions. By employing flavin mononucleotide (FMN) cofactor as a model system, we characterize magnetically induced changes in Faradaic currents. We find that radical pair intermediates have negligible influence on current increases in FMN solution upon application of a magnetic field. The dominant mechanism underlying the observed current increases is the magneto-hydrodynamic effect. We extend our analyses to other diffusion-limited electrochemical reactions of redox cofactor solutions and arrive at similar conclusions, highlighting the opportunity to use this framework in redox cofactor chemistry.

关键词： electrochemistry magnetic field effects magneto-hydrodynamic effect radicals redox cofactors

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