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Soil erosion and lateral carbon fluxes from corn stover-derived biofuel

Scientific reports 2025年第1期15卷 18315页

作者： Xuesong Zhang Stephen D LeDuc Seungdo Kim Bruce E Dale Kaiguang Zhao Yuyu Zhou Gregory W McCarty Glenn E Moglen USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory Beltsville MD 20705-2350 USA. xuesong.zhang@usda.gov. Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 109 TW Alexander Dr. Research Triangle Park NC 27711 USA. Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA. Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Michigan State University 3815 Technology Boulevard Lansing MI 48910 USA. Environmental Science Graduate Program School of Environment and Natural Resources The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA. Department of Geography and Institute for Climate and Carbon Neutrality The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China. USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory Beltsville MD 20705-2350 USA. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte NC 28223 USA.

Crop residues hold promise to alleviate food vs. fuel competition and contribute to biofuel production. However, the impacts of lateral sediment and carbon fluxes caused by residue removal are not fully understood. Here we employ agroecosystem modeling to conservatively estimate lateral sediment and carbon fluxes resulting from partial corn stover removal in the U.S. Midwest. Results show substantial increases in soil erosion resulting from corn stover removal. For example, the area of continuous corn and corn soybean cropping systems exceeding soil erosion tolerance threshold could increase from 1.1 to 13.3% because of 66% corn stover removal. Depending on removal intensity, conservation, and crop rotation, the stover removal-induced increases in eroded soil organic carbon is equivalent to 3.9-12.5 gCOe MJ, which is comparable to other components of the life cycle impacts of corn stover-derived biofuel. Our findings highlight the need to consider the soil erosion and lateral carbon fluxes impacts of corn stover removal in designing supply chains for cellulosic biofuel production.

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Health risk assessment of soil contamination with heavy metals in a child care center co-located in vicinity to small scale industrial area: Case study of Thailand

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Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental engineering 2024年 9卷

作者： Simatupang, Cathleen Ariella Santhaweesuk, Kanitthika Strezov, Vladimir Pongkiatkul, Prapat Boontanon, Narin Jindal, Ranjna Boontanon, Suwanna Kitpati Graduate Program in Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Mahidol University Nakhon Pathom 73170 Thailand School of Natural Sciences Faculty of Science and Engineering Macquarie University 2109 NSW Australia Department of Environmental Engineering King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi Bangkok 10800 Thailand Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies Mahidol University Nakhon Pathom 73170 Thailand Environmental Engineering and Management Program Department of Energy Environment and Climate Change School of Environment and Resources Development Asian Institute of Technology Pathumthani 12120 Thailand Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies Kyoto University Yoshida Sakyo-Ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan

Environmental impacts of small scale industries are still not well investigated, especially for estates where multiple small scale industries are clustered causing cumulative effects potentially impacting most vulnerable groups. This study aimed to investigate the concentrations of heavy metals (Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Pb, Al, Zn, and Cr) and the metalloid (As) in surface soils near the intensely active small-scale industrial area in Thailand, assess the contamination levels in the co-located child care center, and estimate potential human health risks from exposure to the heavy metals. Surface soil heavy metal(loid) elements were evaluated across a background area, area near main roads, a small-scale industrial area, and a child care centre. The concentrations of Al were found be the highest at all investigation sites, with the most elevated concentrations observed in the small-scale industrial area. The concentration of Pb in the industrial area reached 1176 mg/kg, exceeding the national standard and acceptable limit. Moreover, the contamination level for Cu, Pb, and Zn in the industrial area imply a considerable risk with enrichment factor EF > 40, and geo-accumulation index Igeo ≥5. Heavy metal levels (Ni, Cu, Pb) in the soil near the road and the child care center were similar, suggesting shared contamination sources. Conversely, Al, Zn, As, and Cr in the child care center had slightly higher concentrations than near the road but lower than the small-scale industrial area, indicating potential industrial influence on metal levels within the child care center. The principal component analysis showed Mn and Fe distributed in the background, while As, Pb, Ni, Cu, Al, Zn, and Cr accumulated in the small-scale industrial area. The findings indicate that small-scale industrial activities contribute to elevated levels of heavy metals in the soil, particularly within the child care center, posing significant ingestion risks, especially for children (HI > 1). Implementing conta

关键词： Children Contamination sources Environmental impact PCA Surface soil

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Oil palm plantation inside forest area?

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2020年第1期583卷

作者： Y Yonariza Y Yurike Integrated Natural Resources Management Field of Study Graduate Program Universitas Andalas Padang 25163 West Sumatra Indonesia

The problem of land-use competition continues despite the availability of cadastral technology such as remote sensing and land use mapping technology including the usage of global or geo-positioning system tool to avoid such competition. This happens mainly in state forest where forestland use permits issued by the government to use the forest for large-scale agriculture i.e., oil palm plantation overlap with other forest use permits. This illegal expansion is known as overshooting or land grabbing. In Dharmasraya District, West Sumatra Province, a private oil palm plantation overshoot 2,000 ha of state forest intended for industrial forest plantation area. This paper raises the following questions; 1) why forest land use permit overlapping, 2) once it identified what solution and negotiation taken by stakeholders; government agencies and private sectors, and 3) what is the land use result. This case study is within a working area of the production Forest management Unit (KPHP) of Dharmasraya Dharmasraya District, West Sumatra, where industrial plantation area overlaps with oil palm plantation. At the end, the industrial forest plantation area was taken by the oil palm plantation area and make it a legal occupancy. The land use permit overlap happens because of two reasons; first, local government issues oil palm plantation permit while central government issues forest use permit. Second, the oil palm company began their land clearing outside its permitted area and overlap with industrial plantation area. One this discovered; the two companies negotiated and resulted in the sale of forest industrial plantation permits to oil palm Plantation Company; the price is magnificent. But, local people follow forest land grabbing resulting in accelerated deforestation. The study suggests that one map policy is essential, but more importantly, that map and other cadastral technologies must be utilized to monitor land use and to enforce forest protection law.

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Landscape Disturbance Alters the Composition and Diversity of the Diet of Moose, A Generalist Herbivore

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Koetke, Lisa Jeanne Hodder, Dexter P. Rea, Roy V. Johnson, Chris J. Marshall, Shelley Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Graduate Program University of Northern British Columbia Prince GeorgeBC Canada John Prince Research Forest Fort St. JamesBC Canada Ecosystem Science and Management University of Northern British Columbia Prince GeorgeBC Canada Ministry of Forests Government of British Columbia NanaimoBC Canada

Human-caused landscape disturbance is one of the major threats to large herbivores, globally. Across central British Columbia (BC), Canada, industrial forest harvesting has resulted in rapid change to forest structure and composition. Concurrent with the increase in forest harvesting, moose ( Alces alces ) populations across central BC have declined, some quite dramatically. We studied moose diet across three seasons in two regional study areas that represented a range of logging intensity and rate of apparent starvation of moose. We used microhistological analysis of pellets to identify the proportional consumption of major plant groups that were known forage for moose across the study areas, as well as the diversity of the diet of moose. We used regression models to explore the Niche Expansion Hypothesis and the Niche Shrinkage Hypothesis which relate forest harvesting and the composition and diversity of moose diet. In areas of increased density and size of clearcuts, moose consumed fewer shrubs and fir trees and their diet was more diverse. Where application of herbicides was common, moose consumed fewer forbs and their diet was more diverse. In areas of increased disturbance by wildfire, moose consumed less fir and more shrubs. Our results reveal that landscape disturbance in the form of extensive and rapid forest harvesting is related to the composition and diversity of the diet of moose. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Regression analysis

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Fucoxanthin induces human melanoma cytotoxicity by thwarting the JAK2/STAT3/BCL-xL signaling axis

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Environmental Toxicology 2024年第6期39卷 3356-3366页

作者： Kuo, Min-Yung Dai, Wen-Chyi Chang, Jie-Li Chang, Jo-Shu Lee, Tse-Min Chang, Chia-Che Pediatric Surgery Division Department of Surgery Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital Taichung Taiwan Doctoral Program in Biotechnology Industrial Innovation and Management National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Taichung Municipal Taichung First Senior High School Taichung Taiwan Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy Tunghai University Taichung Taiwan Department of Life Sciences National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences Master Program in Precision Health Doctoral Program in Translational Medicine Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Research Center National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology Asia University Taichung Taiwan Department of Medical Research China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei Taiwan

Melanoma is the most lethal skin malignancy. Fucoxanthin is a marine carotenoid with significant anticancer activities. Intriguingly, Fucoxanthin's impact on human melanoma remains elusive. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) represents a promising target in cancer therapy due to its persistent activation in various cancers, including melanoma. Herein, we revealed that Fucoxanthin is cytotoxic to human melanoma cell lines A2758 and A375 while showing limited cytotoxicity to normal human melanocytes. Apoptosis is a primary reason for Fucoxanthin's melanoma cytotoxicity, as the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk drastically abrogated Fucoxanthin-elicited clonogenicity blockage. Besides, Fucoxanthin downregulated tyrosine 705-phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3 (Y705)), either inherently present in melanoma cells or inducible by interleukin 6 (IL-6) stimulation. Notably, ectopic expression of STAT3-C, a dominant-active STAT3 mutant, abolished Fucoxanthin-elicited melanoma cell apoptosis and clonogenicity inhibition, supporting the pivotal role of STAT3 blockage in Fucoxanthin's melanoma cytotoxicity. Moreover, Fucoxanthin lowered BCL-xL levels by blocking STAT3 activation, while ectopic BCL-xL expression rescued melanoma cells from Fucoxanthin-induced killing. Lastly, Fucoxanthin was found to diminish the levels of JAK2 with dual phosphorylation at tyrosine residues 1007 and 1008 in melanoma cells, suggesting that Fucoxanthin impairs STAT3 signaling by blocking JAK2 activation. Collectively, we present the first evidence that Fucoxanthin is cytotoxic selectively against human melanoma cells while sparing normal melanocytes. Mechanistically, Fucoxanthin targets the JAK2/STAT3/BCL-xL antiapoptotic axis to provoke melanoma cell death. This discovery implicates the potential application of Fucoxanthin as a chemopreventive or therapeutic strategy for melanoma management. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

关键词： Carotenoids

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Ecology, engineering, and management: Reconciling Ecosystem Rehabilitation and Service Reliability

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Restoration Ecology 2003年第3期11卷

作者： Andrew H. Baldwin Department of Biological Resources Engineering Natural Resources Management Program University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 U.S.A.

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LISREL Model Medical Solid Infectious Waste Hazardous Hospital management In Medan City

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2018年第1期300卷

作者： Verawaty Simarmata Ungkap Siahaan Setiaty Pandia Herman Mawengkang Doctor Program Graduate of the University of North Sumatra University of Sumatera Utara. Master Program Graduate of the University of North Sumatra University of Sumatera Utara. Lecturers of Doctor Program Natural Resources Management and Environment Departement University of Sumatera Utara Lecturers at Mathematics Department and Doctor Program Natural Resources Management and Environment Departement University of Sumatera Utara

Hazardous and toxic waste resulting from activities at most hospitals contain various elements of medical solid waste ranging from heavy metals that have the nature of accumulative toxic which are harmful to human health. Medical waste in the form of gas, liquid or solid generally include the category or the nature of the hazard and toxicity waste. The operational in activities of the hospital aims to improve the health and well-being, but it also produces waste as an environmental pollutant waters, soil and gas. From the description of the background of the above in mind that the management of solid waste pollution control medical hospital, is one of the fundamental problems in the city of Medan and application supervision is the main business licensing and control alternatives in accordance with applicable regulations.

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Rainfall frequency analysis using event-maximum rainfalls – An event-based mixture distribution modeling approach

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Weather and Climate Extremes 2024年 43卷

作者： Cheng, Ke-Sheng Chen, Bo-Yu Lin, Teng-Wei Nakamura, Kimihito Ruangrassamee, Piyatida Chikamori, Hidetaka Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Master Program in Statistics National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Kyoto Japan Department of Water Resources Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand Department of Environmental Management Engineering Okayama University Okayama Japan

Rainfall frequency analysis, an essential work for water resources management, is often conducted by using the annual maximum rainfall series. For rainfall stations with short record lengths and outliers presence, the use of annual maximum series for rainfall frequency analysis may yield design rainfall estimates of higher uncertainties. Moreover, for regions with cyclostationary climate patterns, the annual maximum rainfalls may be caused by different prevalent storm types, which differ in terms of their occurrence frequency and storm rainfall characteristics. In this study, we propose a novel event-maximum-rainfall-based mixture distribution modeling approach for rainfall frequency analysis. By considering the event-maximum rainfalls of individual storm events, the sample size for parameter estimation increases, and the uncertainty of design rainfall estimates reduces. Mixture distribution modeling enables a thorough investigation of the contributing probabilities of different storm types to the annual maximum rainfall. Through rigorous stochastic simulation, we demonstrated the superiority of the proposed approach over the conventional annual maximum rainfall approach. The proposed approach was applied to four representative rainfall stations in Taiwan, and the results revealed that the proposed approach is more robust than the conventional annual maximum rainfall approach. The results provide insights into the contributions of individual storm types to the annual maximum rainfall. © 2023 The Authors

关键词： Annual maxima Event-maximum rainfalls Frequency analysis Mixture distribution Negative binomial distribution Poisson distribution

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Load Factor Improvement of the Electricity Grid Considering Distributed resources Operation and Regulation of Peak Load

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Cerna, Fernando Vladimir Naderi, Ehsan Marzband, Mousa Contreras, Javier Coêlho, John K. Fantesia, Maurício P. Department of Electrical Engineering Federal University of Roraima Boa Vista69310-000 Brazil Postgraduate Program in Natural Resources Research Area in Management and Dynamics of Natural Resources – Renewable Energies Federal University of Roraima Av. Nova Iorque – Aeroporto Boa Vista69310-000 Brazil School of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering Southern Illinois University CarbondaleIL62901 United States Department of Mathematics Physics and Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Environment Northumbria University Newcastle upon TyneNE1 8ST United Kingdom School of Industrial Engineering University of Castilla-La Mancha Ciudad Real13071 Spain

The load factor (LF) of an electricity network (EN) is an indicator related to the efficient electricity usage within a time horizon (e.g., day, month, year, etc.). LF improvement can be achieved through an efficient operational scheme that combines several strategies. Among them, peak load regulation in the demand profile of all the consumers together with the operation of distributed resources (DREs), such as renewable sources (RSs) and capacitor banks (CBs) represents a promising alternative. To address this efficient scheme, this work proposes a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model that aims to increase the LF through the bulk scheduling of residential, commercial, and industrial electrical appliances during the day, considering a baseline demand and an hourly rate. At the same time, voltage fluctuations and technical losses are mitigated by the presence of DREs in the EN. Operational constraints related to the performance of EN, RSs, and CBs are considered. Uncertainties in the habitual demand profiles and solar radiation incidence during the day are represent through simulation algorithms. In order to evaluate our proposal, a modified 14-node IEEE EN was used. The results corroborate the applicability of this proposed MILP model, reducing electricity waste and ensuring the efficient EN operation. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Integer programming

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Load Factor Improvement of the Electricity Grid Considering Distributed resources Operation and Regulation of Peak Load

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

关键词： Integer programming

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