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Effects of the ratio of Cu/Co and metal precursors on the catalytic activity over Cu-Co/Al2O3 prepared using the polyol process

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Materials Science and engineering: B 2009年第1-3期157卷 105-112页

作者： Lu, Chi-Yuan Tseng, Hui-Hsin Wey, Ming-Yen Liu, Ling-Yi Chuang, Kui-Hao Department of Public Health Chung Shan Medical University Taichung 402 Taiwan Department of Occupational Safety and Health Graduate Program Chung Shan Medical University Taichung 402 Taiwan Department of Environmental Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung 402 Taiwan

Cu-Co bimetallic catalysts were prepared using a simple polyol process. The effects of various metal precursors (nitrate, acetate, and chloride) and Cu/Co ratios on the activities of the catalysts were evaluated for toluene oxidation and NO reduction. The results indicated that the use of the metal precursor Cu-Co acetate in preparing the bimetallic catalysts resulted in good metal dispersion and high catalytic activity. When the atomic Cu/Co ratio was 0.21 in the Al2O3-supported catalyst, the dispersion of active sites was promoted by the Cu, and the catalytic activity was stable over the reaction time. CuO and Cu0 species and large particle sizes (20 nm) formed when the Co loading weight in the catalyst increased, and conversion decreased. When the reaction temperature was 300 °C, NO and toluene were able to be simultaneously removed with high conversion rates (83% and 98%). © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Catalyst activity

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Preparation of Highly Crystalline Graphitic Nanocarbon for the Electro-Oxidation of Methanol

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Nano Research 2011年第1期4卷 92-102页

作者： Ji Bong Joo Nam Dong Kim Hyeong Jin Yun Pil Kim Jongheop Yi World Class University （WCU） program of Chemical Convergence for Energy ＆ Environment （C2E2） School of Chemical and Biological Engineering Seoul National University Shinlim-dong Kwanak-ku Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Specialized Graduate School of Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Engineering Chonbuk National University Jeonju 561-756 Republic of Korea

Highly crystalline graphitic nanocarbons （GNC） have been prepared by the wet-air treatment of hydrothermally- derived graphitic porous carbon. The materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and electrochemical methods. The experimental results revealed that the treatment temperature has a significant effect on the morphology and degree of graphitic crystallinity. When GNC was treated at 450 ~C under a wet-air atmosphere, the product （GNC-450） consisted of aggregates of silkworm-shaped carbon nanoparticles with enhanced graphitic characteristics. GNC-450 was evaluated as a catalyst support in the electro-oxidation of methanol. The Pt/GNC-450 catalyst contained smaller Pt particles and had a higher electrochemically active surface area than a commercial carbon black-supported Pt catalyst. In the electro-oxidation of methanol, the Pt/GNC-450 catalyst showed the highest performance among the Pt catalysts examined in this study. The superior catalytic performance appears to be closely related to the enhanced graphitic characteristics with highly dispersed Pt nanoparticles on the graphitic layers, which have a positive effect on the electrochemical performance.

关键词： Graphitic nanostructured carbon wet-air treatment enhanced crystallinity Pt catalyst

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Residual analysis for damage detection: Effects of variation on the noise model

Residual analysis for damage detection: Effects of variation...

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作者： Wright, Christopher Bernal, Dionisio Graduate Student IGERT Program Northeastern University Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering 360 Huntington Ave. Stearns 11 Boston MA 02115 United States Northeastern University Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Center for Digital Signal Processing United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781441998330

Deviations from whiteness in the innovations of a Kalman filter indicate that the filter is not optimal for the given data. Lack of optimality can come from changes in the system properties but also from discrepancies between the noise statistics used to formulate the filter and the actual values. This paper examines the importance that changes in the noise part of the filter have on its ability to function as a damage detector. Analysis and numerical results show that the sensitivity is such that a realistic assessment of performance demands that potential fluctuations in the noise statistics be accounted for. ©2010 Society for Experimental Mechanics Inc.

关键词： Damage detection

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Study on the annoyance assessment model in the area exposed by the combined noise due to road traffic and railway

Study on the annoyance assessment model in the area exposed ...

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38th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control engineering 2009, INTER-NOISE 2009

作者： Ko, Joon Hee Kim, Kyoung Min Chang, Seo Il Graduate Program BK21 Urban Environmental System Engineering University of Seoul Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-743 Korea Republic of Department of Environmental Engineering University of Seoul Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-743 Korea Republic of School of Environmental Engineering University of Seoul Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-743 Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9781615676903

This paper studies to establish the quantitative assessment model of combined noise in areas due to transportation source using the three-dimensional noise map and field survey. The three-dimensional noise map is used to calculate the noise level in each building and the field survey is performed to investigate annoyance response and non-noise factors. The three-dimensional city spatial model of noise map is obtained from city spatial information, which consists of digital elevation model and three-dimensional building ones, for finding the distribution of transportation noise in urban areas. The field survey is conducted to investigate the annoyance response of 693 households affected by of combined noise. Annoyance prediction models in three dominant areas of noise are made by the relationship between annoyance response rate and transportation noise level for the quantitative assessment to environmental noise standard of the combined noise. In this study, annoyance response rate to transportation noise level is compared to those by previous researches in European countries.

关键词： Surveys

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ANALYSIS OF NITROGEN FLOW IN FOOD WASTE: A CASE STUDY OF THE UNIVERSITY RESTAURANT-UNB 32nd

ANALYSIS OF NITROGEN FLOW IN FOOD WASTE: A CASE STUDY OF THE...

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32nd European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, EUBCE 2024

作者： Ramos, Arthur Augusto Frasson De Brites, Eneida Campos Felipe Soares, Raquel Moraes Silveira, Edgar A. Contreras, Francisco University of Brasilia Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering DF Brasilia70910-900 Brazil University of Brasilia Graduate Program on Environmental Technology and Water Resources Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering DF Brasilia70910-900 Brazil Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Brasília Estrutural Campus DF Brasília71250-000 Brazil University of Brasília Mechanical Sciences Graduate Program Laboratory of Energy and Environment DF Brasilia70910-900 Brazil

With the projected global population reaching 9.7 billion by 2050, the production and consumption of food continue to escalate. Nitrogen is pivotal in this landscape due to its significance in living organisms and the environmental repercussions associated with nutrient-rich waste. Inappropriate disposal of such residues contributes to nitrogen release into the environment, impacting aquatic ecosystems and precipitating the generation of greenhouse gases. This study tackles the global challenge of effectively managing nitrogen in food waste by utilizing Material Flow Analysis (MFA) as a tool to comprehend this cycle. The analysis uncovered that vegetables, legumes, and fruits constitute the primary sources of waste generation, while meats, despite their lower mass, account for a substantial proportion of total nitrogen depletion. In the surveyed month of October 2023, 174,834 meals were served, resulting in an average food consumption N-footprint of 0.003 kg of nitrogen discarded per individual meal within the restaurant’s organic waste. These findings indicate that 65% of nitrogen is consumed in meal form, while 35% is discarded as organic solid waste. However, 53% of the nitrogen in the residues originates from food preparation processes, with food preparation responsible for over half of this figure. A deeper process analysis reveals that vegetables have low nitrogen concentrations, although they significantly contribute to waste at all stages. In contrast, meats and eggs, with higher nitrogen concentrations, emerge as noteworthy contributors to the overall nitrogen content in waste. Vegetables and meats contribute about 50% and 45% of the total nitrogen, respectively. These outcomes substantially enhance our comprehension of waste generation dynamics and nutrient utilization at the university restaurant, assisting with waste management, design of sustainable menus, reduction of food waste, and optimized resource utilization, contributing to sustainability and re

关键词： Effluent treatment

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Assessment of the Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on the Spatio-Temporal Distribution of PM2.5 in Thailand 1

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8th Asia Conference on Environment and Sustainable Development, ACESD 2023

作者： Simatupang, Cathleen Ariella Piyaviriyakul, Pitchaya Pongkiatkul, Prapat Strezov, Vladimir Boontanon, Narin Jindal, Ranjna Boontanon, Suwanna Kitpati Graduate Program in Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Mahidol University Nakhon Pathom73170 Thailand School of Natural Sciences Faculty of Science and Engineering Macquarie University SydneyNSW2109 Australia Department of Environmental Engineering King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi 10800 Bangkok Thailand Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies Mahidol University Nakhon Pathom73170 Thailand Environmental Engineering and Management Program Department of Energy Environment and Climate Change School of Environment and Resources Development Asian Institute of Technology 12120 Pathumthani Thailand Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies Kyoto University 606-8501 Yoshida Sakyo-Ku Kyoto Japan

ISBN: (数字)9789819733200

ISBN: (纸本)9789819733194

During COVID-19 pandemic several countries have implemented quarantines in response to the virus’ spread, which was considered an emergency. Thailand was under a state of emergency from January to December 2020, which has had an impact on the state of environment. Based on real-time data from the Pollution Control Department, the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on PM2.5 pollution in Thailand was examined. Inverse Distance Weighted interpolation was used to generate a more accurate visual representation of the PM2.5 pollution through a spatial distribution of atmospheric pollutants across the provinces of Thailand. PM2.5 levels in all considered areas reduced considerably between 2017 and 2020, with the most significant decrease occurring during the lockdown period of April-July in 2020. As the pre-COVID-19 period occurred during late winter in Thailand, the monthly average PM2.5 concentrations in all selected provinces were gradually increased from December 2019 to March 2020. During the lockdown period, the concentration of PM2.5 was reduced in Pathum Thani (48.9%), Samut Sakhon (35.6%) Samut Prakarn (33.6%), and Bangkok (31.7%) The spatial–temporal distribution of the PM2.5 levels in Samut Sakhon and Samut Prakarn provinces were analyzed for October 2020, during the new normal period. The results showed a significant decrease in concentration of up to 31% compared to previous years where industrial operations were situated. This study showed that the government enforced lockdown during COVID-19 pandemic was beneficial in understanding the impact of reduced human activities on anthropogenic air pollutants’ concentrations. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： COVID-19

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Damage effects from dynamic interaction between vehicles, irregularities and railway bridges in the nonlinear dynamic response of structures

Damage effects from dynamic interaction between vehicles, ir...

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作者： De Abeche, T.O. Machado, R. Dalledone Abdalla Filho, J.E. Beghetto, L.F.M. De Souza, L.A.F. Mechanical Engineering Graduate Program Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná Curitiba Brazil Numerical Methods in Engineering Graduate Program Federal University of Paraná Curitiba Brazil Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering University of Colorado Boulder United States Civil Engineering Graduate Program Federal Technological University of Paraná Curitiba Brazil Academic Department of Civil Construction Federal Technological University of Paraná Curitiba Brazil Department of Civil Engineering Federal Technological University of Paraná Apucarana Brazil

The effects of vehicle-structure interaction have a significant effect on the dynamic responses of both the vehicle and the structure with several applications within the railways field. When the vehicle loads are capable of producing accumulated strains sufficient to cause damage to the structure, the dynamic responses change completely. By crossing a railway bridge, the vehicle is subjected to the effects of track irregularities. The vehicle's movement on the bridge is already a dynamic action on the structure. However, the irregularities of the track tend to excite the vehicle dynamically which in turns triggers additional vibrations in the structure apart from those produced by its own movement, increasing the structural degree of damage. This modifies the structural dynamic responses, increasing the magnitude and the oscillations within the same time interval especially at critical speeds of the vehicle, capable of provoking some resonance. Apart from changing the displacements, velocities and accelerations, the damage alters the structural natural frequencies of vibration. It is not possible to analyse such effects with linear dynamic models. This paper evaluates, using the finite element method, the nonlinear dynamic effects in a reinforced concrete bridge where the degree of damage is altered over time using a damage mechanics procedure. © Civil-Comp Press, 2016.

关键词： Dynamic response

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The effect of thermal pre-Treatment on cassava rhizome properties for utilizing as green fuel in gasification 5

The effect of thermal pre-Treatment on cassava rhizome prope...

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2020 5th International Conference on Sustainable and Renewable Energy engineering, ICSREE 2020

作者： Sirinwaranon, Punchaluck Atong, Duangduen Sricharoenchaikul, Viboon Interdisciplinary Program in Environmental Science Graduate School Chulalongkorn University Bangkok10330 Thailand National Science and Technology Development Agency [NSTDA Thailand Science Park Pathum Thani12120 Thailand Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok10330 Thailand

Cassava rhizome (CR) was torrefied to provide superior solid fuel quality for further gasification process. The torrefaction was carried out in the absence of oxygen at 220, 240, 260, and 280°C with a fixed residence time. Solid fuel after torrefaction has a higher calorific value from that of reduced volatile matters. The optimum energy yield of torrefied CR is 88.16% at 260°C. The heating value of 20.86 MJ/kg for a torrefied product can be achieved compared to 15.37 MJ/kg for untreated CR. The subsequent gasification of torrefied CR at temperature of 800°C yielded the highest gas product of 65 wt.%. The carbon and hydrogen conversions into CO and H2 were 14.28% and 29.95%, respectively. Synthesis gas (syngas) from the conversion maintained the H2/CO ratio of around 2-2.50, which is suitable for the Fischer-Tropsch process or can be used as the feedstock for petrochemical industry. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2020.

关键词： Gasification

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Toxicity of the emerging pollutants propylparaben and dichloropropylparaben to terrestrial plants

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environmental Science and Pollution Research 2024年第33期31卷 45834-45846页

作者： Okon, Caio Rocha, Mylena Bathke de Souza Ratuchinski, Lizandra Santo, Diego Espirito Duarte, Charla Chaionara Schults de Lima Feitoza, Lidiane Junior, Osvaldo Valarini Ferreira, Paulo Michel Pinheiro de Almeida, Edson Araújo Halmemam, Maria Cristina Oliveira dade SilvaOliveira, Danielle Cristina da Silva Gonzalez, Regiane de Souza, Débora Cristina Peron, Ana Paula Chemical Enginnering Course Federal Technological University of Paraná Paraná Campo Mourão Brazil Graduate Program in Environmental Engineering Federal Technological University of Paraná Paraná Francisco Beltrão Brazil Academic Department of Biological Sciences Federal University of Piauí Piauí Teresina Brazil Academic Department of Food and Chemical Engineering Federal Technological University of Paraná Paraná Campo Mourão Brazil Academic Department of Biophysics and Physiology Federal University of Piauí Piauí Teresina Brazil Graduate Program in Chemistry State University of Maringá Paraná Maringá Brazil Department of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation Federal Technological University of Paraná Paraná Campo Mourão Brazil Academic Department of Chemistry Federal Technological University of Paraná Paraná Campo Mourão Brazil Graduate Program in Food Technology Federal Technological University of Paraná Paraná Campo Mourão Brazil Graduate Program in Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Federal University of Paraná Paraná Brazil Graduate Program in Technological Innovations Federal Technological University of Paraná Via Rosalina Maria Dos Santos Paraná Campo Mourão1233 Brazil

Propylparaben (PrP) and dichloropropylparaben (diClPrP) are found in soil worldwide, mainly due to the incorporation of urban sludge in crop soils and the use of non-raw wastewater for irrigation. Studies on the adverse effects of PrP on plants are incipient and not found for diClPrP. PrP and diClPrP were evaluated at concentrations 4, 40, and 400 µg/L for their phytotoxic potential to seeds of Allium cepa (onion), Cucumis sativus (cucumber), Lycopersicum sculentum (tomato), and Lactuca sativa (lettuce), and cytotoxic, genotoxic potential, and for generating oxygen-reactive substances in root meristems of A. cepa bulbs. PrP and diClPrP caused a significant reduction in seed root elongation in all four species. In A. cepa bulb roots, PrP and diClPrP resulted in a high prophase index;in addition, PrP at 400 µg/L and diClPrP at the three concentrations significantly decreased cell proliferation and caused alterations in a significant number of cells. Furthermore, diClPrP concentrations induced the development of hooked roots in onion bulbs. The two chemical compounds caused significant changes in the modulation of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and guaiacol peroxidase, disarming the root meristems against hydroxyl radicals and superoxides. Therefore, PrP and diClPrP were phytotoxic and cytogenotoxic to the species tested, proving dangerous to plants. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Oxygen

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Global mapping of volumetric water retention at 100,330 and 15000 cm suction using the WoSIS database

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第2期11卷 225-239页

作者： Maria Eliza Turek Laura Poggio Niels H.Batjes Robson Andre Armindo Quirijn de Jong van Lier Luis de Sousa Gerard B.M.Heuvelink ISRIC-World Soll Information Wageningemthe Netherlands Graduate Program in Environmental Engineering Federal University of ParunaCurtibaR Brazil Soll Geography and Landscope Group Wageningen University Wageningenthe Netherlands Department of Physics Federul University of LavrasMGBrarll CENA-Universiy of Sao Poulo PinacicabasaoBrazil

Present global maps of soil water retention(SWR)are mostly derived from pedotransfer functions(PTFs)applied to maps of other basic soil *** an alternative,'point-based'mapping of soil water content can improve global soil data availability and *** developed point-based global maps with estimated uncertainty of the volumetric SWR at 100,330 and 15000 cm suction using measured SWR data extracted from the WoSIS Soil Profile Database together with data estimated by a random forest PTF(PTF-RF).The point data was combined with around 200 environmental covariates describing vegetation,terrain morphology,climate,geology,and hydrology using *** total,we used 7292,33192 and 42016 SWR point observations at 100,330 and 15000 cm,respectively,and complemented the dataset with 436108 estimated values at each *** cross-validation yielded a Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)of6380,7.112 and 6.48510^(-2)cm^(3)cm^(-3),and a Model Efficiency Coefficient(MEC)of0.430,0386,and 0.471,respectively,for 100,330 and 15000 *** results were also compared to three published global maps of SWR to evaluate differences between point-based and map-based mapping ***-based mapping performed better than the three map-based mapping approaches for 330 and 15000 cm,while for 100 cm results were similar,possibly due to the limited number of SWR observa-tions for 100 *** sources or uncertainty identified included the geographical clustering of the data and the limitation of the covariates to represent the naturally high variation of SWR.

关键词： Digital soil mapping Soil hydraulic properties Pedometrics SoilGrids

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