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Interannual variability and climatic sensitivity of global wildfire activity

Advances in Climate Change Research 2021年第5期12卷 686-695页

作者： Rongyun TANG Jiafu MAO Mingzhou JIN Anping CHEN Yan YU Xiaoying SHI Yulong ZHANG Forrest M.HOFFMAN Min XU Yaoping WANG Institute for a Secure and Sustainable Environment University of TennesseeKnoxville37996USA Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak Ridge37830USA Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State UniversityFort Collins80523USA Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program Princeton UniversityPrinceton08544USA Computational Sciences and Engineering Division and Climate Change Science Institute Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak Ridge37830USA

Understanding historical wildfire variations and their environmental driving mechanisms is key to predicting and mitigating wildfires. However, current knowledge of climatic responses and regional contributions to the interannual variability (IAV) of global burned area remains limited. Using recent satellite-derived wildfire products and simulations from version v1.0 of the land component of the U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM land model [ELM] v1) driven by three different climate forcings, we investigated the burned area IAV and its climatic sensitivity globally and across nine biomes from 1997 to 2018. We found that 1) the ELM simulations generally agreed with the satellite observations in terms of the burned area IAV magnitudes, regional contributions, and covariations with climate factors, confirming the robustness of the ELM to the usage of different climate forcing sources;2) tropical savannas, tropical forests, and semi-arid grasslands near deserts were primary contributors to the global burned area IAV, collectively accounting for 71.7%–99.7% of the global wildfire IAV estimated by both the satellite observations and ELM simulations;3) precipitation was a major fire suppressing factor and dominated the global and regional burned area IAVs, and temperature and shortwave solar radiation were mostly positively related with burned area IAVs;and 4) noticeable local discrepancies between the ELM and remote-sensing results occurred in semi-arid grasslands, croplands, boreal forests, and wetlands, likely caused by uncertainties in the current ELM fire scheme and the imperfectly derived satellite observations. Our findings revealed the spatiotemporal diversity of wildfire variations, regional contributions and climatic responses, and provided new metrics for wildfire modeling, facilitating the wildfire prediction and management.

关键词： Wildfire Burned area Climatic sensitivity E3SM land model Global fire emission database

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Logistics for Disaster Waste Management: A Case Study of the 2019 Oil Spill in Brazil

Logistics for Disaster Waste Management: A Case Study of the...

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International Conference on Production and Operations Management, POMS 2021

作者： Netto, Luiz Fernando Sanghikian, Alex Igor Yoshizaki, Hugo Tsugunobu Yoshida de Brito Junior, Irineu Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation Pirassununga Brazil Department of Production Engineering Sao Paulo State University Sao Paulo Brazil Graduate Program in Logistics Systems Engineering Sao Paulo University Sao Paulo Brazil Environmental Engineering São Paulo State University Sao Jose dos Campos Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9783031068614

During the response and recovery phases of a disaster, an important issue is waste management, which includes generation, transportation, transfer, processing, recycling, and reuse of debris. In this paper, we analyzed the logistical process related to the management of 5400 metric tons of waste from the 2019 oil spill in Brazil, considering environmental impacts and cleaning efforts. The analyses show the quantities handled by the state governments responsible for the operation and the main destination of the residues, which was the cement industry. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Waste management

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Using living machines for the treatment and utilization of dairy washwater

Using living machines for the treatment and utilization of d...

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ASAE Annual International Meeting 2004

作者： Keppler, Angelique Martin, Jay Environmental Science Graduate Program Ecological Engineering Group Ohio State University 590 Woody Hayes Dr. Columbus OH 43210 United States Food Agricultural and Biologial Engineering Departement Ecological Engineering Group Ohio State University 590 Woody Hayes Dr. Columbus OH 43210 United States

The potential for an Ecological Treatment System (ETS) to improve water quality of highly concentrated dairy wastewater is supported by the effective treatment of municipal wastewater by previous ecological systems such as Living Machines™, algal scrubbers, and treatment wetlands. This study utilized a lab-scale ETS that consisted of six components;three aerated vegetative tanks, one anaerobic tank, one clarifier, and one wetland mesocosm, resulting in a total water volume of 878 L. This system treated dairy wastewater added in increments of 7.5, 15, and 22.5 L every 72 hours. The influent CBOD5 of the waste averaged 1490.46 mg L-1. Regardless of loading rate, the system consistently reduced CBOD5 concentrations more than 99%. Percent reductions for the following variables were not affected by the different loading rates;TSS (96.5%), PC (99.5%), POC (99.2%), and TN (87.1%). However, there was a significant difference (R-ANOVA, p-value 4-N, PO4-P, and TP. Reduction rates greater than 99% were measured for NH4-N, TP, and TSS for all loading rates. However, TSS and NH4-N did not meet effluent discharge goals of 10 mg L-1 and 0.1 mg L-1, respectively, at loading rates of 22.5 L, and TP did not meet the effluent discharge goal of 1 mg L-1 for any of the loading rates. The effectiveness of the system to remove NO 3-N was limited by the bio-availability of carbon. At the lowest loading rate (7.5 L), there were no reductions in concentrations of NO 3-N. However, at the highest loading rate (22.5 L) the NO 3-N was reduced to zero during the first 3 hours of treatment. The dependence of nitrate reduction on the bio-availability of carbon was supported by an inverse relationship (r2=0.77) between PC and nitrate at the highest loading rate.

关键词： Dairies

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Noncontact Monitoring of the Peripheral Microcirculation Using Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging to Evaluate the Skin Perfusion Pressure

Results in Engineering

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Results in engineering 2025年

作者： Meng-Che Hsieh Rou-Zheng Lai Ching-Han Hsu Yan-Ren Lin Pei-You Hsieh Congo Tak Shing Ching Lun-De Liao Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine National Health Research Institutes 35 Keyan Road Zhunan Town Miaoli County 350 Taiwan Doctoral Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine National Chung Hsing University 145 Xingda Road South District Taichung City 402 Taiwan Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences National Tsing Hua University No. 101 Section 2 Kuang-Fu Road Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Changhua Christian Hospital Changhua Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Chung Hsing University 145 Xingda Road South District Taichung City 402 Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering National Chi Nan University Puli Township 54561 Taiwan International Doctoral Program in Agriculture National Chung Hsing University Taichung 402 Taiwan

The skin perfusion pressure (SPP) is traditionally measured with laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), but this technique is limited by its single-point fiber optic probe, the need to contact the skin, and susceptibility to various factors, resulting in poor data consistency. Therefore, we developed a noncontact system for measuring the SPP over a large area based on laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI). When it was paired with a pressure cuff device, the system accurately recorded blood flow changes during various pressure interventions, and the reperfusion pressure point could be calibrated to overcome traditional measurement limitations. Cross-comparison experiments revealed that the measurements obtained with the LSCI and LDF systems were highly correlated (r > 0.7), confirming the reliability of LSCI in assessing microcirculatory function. Since supine measurements are not always suitable in clinical environments, such as in space-constrained clinics or when the patient cannot lie flat, we compared SPP measurements obtained from individuals in sitting versus supine positions, revealing minimal differences (Cohen's d  = 0.1, p > 0.05), which demonstrates the system's stability over different patient postures. Under cold water stimulation, which induces microvascular contraction, simulating poor circulation, the measured SPP was significantly lower than that measured under normal conditions (Cohen's d  = 2.6, p < 0.05), verifying the system's potential applicability under different pathological conditions. According to our results, the LSCI system not only obtains SPP measurements that are correlated with the LDF-measured SPP but also overcomes the limitations of the latter system, providing noncontact, instant, and large-scale microcirculation monitoring. This study offers a reliable microcirculatory assessment tool based on LSCI technology, and the results support the future application of this tool in the early diagnosis and monitoring of diabetic foot neuropathy an

关键词： Laser speckle contrast imaging Skin perfusion pressure Laser Doppler flowmetry microcirculation Noninvasive measurement

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Glutaraldehyde removal from flowback and produced waters using photolysis 89

Glutaraldehyde removal from flowback and produced waters usi...

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89th Annual Water Environment Federation Technical Exhibition and Conference, WEFTEC 2016

作者： Hong, Soklida Ratpukdi, Thunyalux Sivaguru, Jayaraman Khan, Eakalak Environmental and Conservation Sciences Program North Dakota State University FargoND58108 United States International Postgraduate Programs in Environmental Management Graduate School Chulalongkorn University Bangkok10330 Thailand Department of Environmental Engineering Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen40002 Thailand Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry North Dakota State University FargoND58108 United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering North Dakota State University FargoND58108 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781510870475

Glutaraldehyde (GA) has been used extensively as a biocide in hydraulic fracturing fluids leading to the contamination of the compound in flowback and produced waters. Photolysis of GA in water was performed under UV irradiation using monochromatic lamps with a wavelength of 254 nm. The results indicated that photolysis of GA followed pseudo-first order kinetics. GA can be photolyzed by UV at all studied conditions;however, the degradation rates of GA were different at different light intensities, pHs, initial GA concentrations and salt concentrations. The degradation rate of GA increased with increasing incident light intensity and decreasing pH. Increasing in initial GA concentration resulted in decreasing rate of GA. At lower salt concentrations, notable retardation of GA degradation rate was observed. Quenching experiments were also conducted to further explore the mechanisms of GA photolysis. Higher molecular weight compounds were identified as the main photolytic byproducts. Copyright ©2016 Water Environment Federation.

关键词： Hydraulic fracturing

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Glutaraldehyde removal from produced waters using visible light driven photocatalysis

Glutaraldehyde removal from produced waters using visible li...

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Water Environment Federation Technical Exhibition and Conference 2017, WEFTEC 2017

ISBN: (纸本)9781510863682

Glutaraldehyde (GA) is the most common biocide used in unconventional oil and gas production. Photocatalysis of GA in brine simulating oil and gas produced water using Ag/AgCl/BiOCl was investigated. Ag/AgCl/BiOCl photocatalyst was synthesized using flower-like BiOCl. Light bulbs emitting visible light at 419 nm were used for the photocatalysis. Removal of GA at 0.1 mM in 200 g/L NaCl solution at pH 7 was 90% after 75 min irradiation using 5 g/L of the photocatalyst. However, at pH 5 or at 300 g/L NaCl, the photocatalytic removal of GA was almost completely inhibited. The GA removal followed pseudo-first order reaction with a rate constant of 0.0303 min-1. The removal rate of GA markedly increased with the increasing pH (5-9), photocatalyst loading (2-8 g/L) and under 350 nm UV (compared to visible light). On the contrary, the removal rate of GA markedly decreased with increasing NaCl and initial GA concentrations (0-300 g/L for NaCl and 0.1-0.4 mM for GA). The removal of GA under natural sunlight was slightly better than that under 419 nm. A quenching experiment was also conducted;holes and superoxide were found as the main reactive species responsible for the removal of GA while ∗OH had a very limited effect. Copyright © 2017 Water Environment Federation.

关键词： Rate constants

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Acid-catalyzed hydrothermal treatment of sewage sludge: effects of reaction temperature and acid concentration on the production of hydrolysis by-products

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Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 2023年第9期13卷 7533-7546页

作者： Pham, Van Toi Guan, Chung-Yu Han, Po-Chun Matsagar, Babasaheb M. Wu, Kevin C. W. Ahamad, Tansir Chang, Ching-Yuan Yu, Chang-Ping Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei106 Taiwan Faculty of Environmental Engineering National University of Civil Engineering 55 Giai Phong Hai Ba Trung Hanoi100000 Viet Nam Department of Environmental Engineering National Ilan University Yilan260 Taiwan Ph.D. Program of Green Materials and Precision Devices National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Chemistry College of Science King Saud University P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh11451 Saudi Arabia Water Innovation Low Carbon and Environmental Sustainability Research Center National Taiwan University Taipei106 Taiwan

Sewage sludge (SS) is an organic biomass from wastewater treatment plants, but the use of SS to produce bio-based chemicals under acid-catalyzed hydrolysis (ACH) processes is not well investigated. In this study, ACH processes were performed at 120, 150, and 180 °C using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) with concentrations of 0–0.5 M within a reaction time of 90–180 min to produce bio-based chemicals from SS. The results showed that the reaction temperature, reaction time, and concentrations of H2SO4 affected the yields of sugars, levulinic acid (LA), and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). The highest xylose and glucose yields were 7.69 mol% and 5.22 mol% at 120 °C with 0.5 M H2SO4 during the 180 min of reaction time, respectively. Besides, under the ACH process at 180 °C and 180 min, the yield of LA reached a maximum value of 0.48 mol% at 0.5 M H2SO4, and the highest yield of HMF was 1.66 mol% at 0.1 M H2SO4. The data obtained also indicated that the ACH process led to an increase in soluble chemical oxygen demand, dissolved organic carbon, and total dissolved nitrogen. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix of dissolved organic matter and thermogravimetric analysis of the treated SS further supported the enhanced solubilization of SS after ACH process, especially under higher reaction temperature and concentrations of H2SO4. Although the lower yields of bio-based chemicals might restrict the downstream recovery of the target products, the largely improved SS solubilization by ACH suggests that acid-catalyzed hydrothermal hydrolysis process has potential as an alternative pretreatment method of SS. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

关键词： Sewage sludge

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Mechanical Properties of Fine-Grained Concrete Using Fine-Red Sand and Fly Ash for Road Construction: A Case Study in Vietnam 5th

Mechanical Properties of Fine-Grained Concrete Using Fine-Re...

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5th International Conference on Rehabilitation and Maintenance in Civil engineering, ICRMCE 2021

作者： Sang, Nguyen Thanh Quan, Thai Minh Nguyen, May Huu Ho, Lanh Si University of Transport and Communications Hanoi Viet Nam University of Transport Technology 54 Trieu Khuc Thanh Xuan Hanoi100000 Viet Nam Civil and Environmental Engineering Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering 1-4-1 Kagamiyama Hiroshima Higashi-Hiroshima739-527 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9789811693472

Nowadays, in order to decrease environmental impacts such as exhaustion of natural resources and CO2 discharge, the partial replacement of cement by fly ash and coarse aggregate by crushed fine aggregate in concrete have been attracted many researchers. This study concentrated on an experimental examination of the mechanical properties of fine-grained concrete using fine-red sand placement for crushed sand. Experimental tests were performed to investigate compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strength. The results reveal that the compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strength increased with curing time for all mixtures. The increase in the amount of fine-red sand replacement caused a decrease in all mixtures. It was also found that there is a strong correlation between compressive and splitting tensile strength with a high coefficient of determination. Besides, the results of compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strength satisfied the requirement of concrete used for pavement. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Compressive strength

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Comprehensive Geometric Modeling of the Sibayak Geothermal Field

Comprehensive Geometric Modeling of the Sibayak Geothermal F...

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2024 International Conference on Applied Sciences and Material Applications, ICASMA 2024

作者： Qarinur, M. Silitonga, E.M.R. Alvan, S. Ogata, S. Kinoshita, N. Yasuhara, H. Civil Engineering Study Program Universitas Negeri Medan Medan20221 Indonesia Construction Management Study Program Universitas Negeri Medan Medan20221 Indonesia Division of Global Architecture Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University Osaka565-0871 Japan Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Ehime University Matsuyama790-8577 Japan Department of Urban Management Kyoto University Kyoto615-8540 Japan

Geothermal reservoirs are significant sources of renewable energy. Accurate geometric modeling of these reservoirs is essential for understanding the distribution of heat and fluid dynamics within them. This study aims to develop a geometric model of the Sibayak geothermal field using borehole data. Borehole data provide detailed geological information, which is crucial for constructing a realistic geometric model. The methodology of this research involves several key steps: the collection of borehole data from the Sibayak geothermal field, the construction of a 3D geometric model of the reservoir using COMSOL Multiphysics based on the borehole data, and the validation of the model through comparison with field data and previous research findings. The results indicate that the developed geometric model successfully identifies zones with high geothermal potential and provides an accurate depiction of the reservoir's boundaries and characteristics. Modeling the geometry of geothermal reservoirs using borehole data offers profound insights into the internal dynamics of the reservoir and can serve as a valuable tool for planning and optimizing geothermal energy exploitation. © 2024 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Geothermal fields

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Modeling the Use of Renewable Energy Sources for Electricity Generation Based on Technological, Political, and environmental Constraints

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Energy Procedia 2017年 142卷 3129-3134页

作者： Eda Dal Merih Aydinalp Koksal Clean and Sustainable Energies Graduate Program Hacettepe University Beytepe 06800 Ankara Turkey Department of Environmental Engineering Hacettepe University Beytepe 06800 Ankara Turkey

Turkey electricity sector has been facing a dramatic increase in demand in the last decade. The CO 2 emission reduction targets and limiting the use of imported fossil fuels put a strain on the fuel mixture planning of electricity sector. In this study, least cost electricity generation based on various fuel mixtures with and without external costs are determined while achieving an optimal solution for emission reduction targets or keeping the fuel share as it was in the base year (business as usual, BAU). The optimization is developed between 2016 and 2035 using ANSWER-TIMES energy planning simulation program taking 2015 as the base year. The results show that by internalizing external costs renewable energy power plants are promoted in long term. The fossil fueled power plants are primarily preferred to meet the demand when the external costs of electricity generation are not considered during optimization. The scenario results also presented that the total discounted costs increase by 4% for CO 2 mitigation scenario relative to BAU scenario when external costs are not considered in optimization. However, total discounted system costs are increased by about 30% for both CO 2 mitigation and BAU scenarios when external costs are considered in optimization. The scenario results also presented that the CO 2 emissions can be reduced by about 30% when optimizations are performed considering the external costs and emission targets.

关键词： ANSWER-TIMES Electricity Generation Modeling CASES External Cost Generation Optimization

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