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Effectiveness of Predicting Event-Level Interception Losses Across Diverse Vegetated Sites Using Statistical Models

Ecohydrology 2025年第3期18卷

作者： Abigail G. Sandquist Stephen P. Good Gabriel Barinas Scott T. Allen Graduate Program of Hydrologic Sciences University of Nevada Reno Reno Nevada USA Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of Nevada Reno Reno Nevada USA Water Resources Graduate Program Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA Biological & Ecological Engineering Department Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA

Understanding evaporation from wet canopies across ecosystems is challenged by its spatiotemporal variability and associated observational challenges. Precipitation and throughfall were measured at 22 sites of the National Ecological Observatory Network using consistent methodologies across diverse climates and ecosystems, providing a novel opportunity to examine the performance of statistical models in predicting interception loss from meteorological and canopy-structure data. We used those data to quantify event-level interception losses and found wide variation; median interception loss of small storms (< 10 mm) was 37.7% (39% inter-quartile range), and of large storms (> 50 mm) was 19.8% (20% interquartile range). We found storm gross-precipitation depth was the most important variable for predicting the amount of interception loss (predicting ~70% of the variation), followed by mean canopy height and air temperature. Storm gross-precipitation depth was also an important predictor of interception loss as a percent of storm depth, but much less variation was explained ( R 2 = 0.11, RMSE = 24%). Prediction of percent interception loss improved ( R 2 = 0.32 and RMSE = 19%) by including additional meteorological and vegetation structure characteristics in a random forest model. In addition to demonstrating the greater importance of storm traits over vegetation traits in predicting event interception losses, this analysis showed that relationships between storm traits and interception losses differed among sites; these inconsistent relationships across sites limited the ability for any statistical model to perform well in predicting event-level interception losses across sites, which may justify the use of alternative approaches (e.g. process-based models).

关键词： rainfall partitioning remote sensing throughfall vegetation structure

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Improved Reversibility of Phase Transformations Using Electron-Rich Graphitic Carbon Matrix in Fef2 Cathode for Sodium-Ion Batteries

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Maulana, Achmad Yanuar Song, Jungwook Futalan, Cybelle M. Kim, Jongsik Department of Chemistry Dong-A University Busan49315 Korea Republic of Department of Chemical Engineering BK21 FOUR Graduate Program Dong-A University Busan49315 Korea Republic of Department of Community and Environmental Resource Planning University of the Philippines Los Baños Los Baños 4031 Philippines

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted increasing attention as next-generation energy storage devices due to the availability and economic benefits of sodium. Iron difluoride (FeF 2 ) is considered as a promising conversion-typed cathode material in SIBs because of its low-cost and high theoretical capacity of 571 mAh g -1 . Additionally, storing larger sodium ions is more suitable than other insertion-typed cathodes in SIBs. However, previous studies have reported irreversible redox reactions of FeF 2 because of the undesirable phase transformations to Na 3 FeF 6 and FeF 3 during the cycling processes. Herein, we synthesized nitrogen-doped graphitic carbon wrapped FeF 2 nanoparticles (FeF 2 @NGC), using dopamine, to function as conversion-based cathode materials for SIBs. The phase transformations of FeF 2 were successfully prevented during cycles because of the electron-rich carbon matrix with adjustable NGC thickness that resulted in excellent electrochemical performance at a high rate over long cycle experiments. A reversible discharge capacity of 214.2 mAh g -1 and a fading rate of 0.042% per cycle after 500 cycles at a current density of 300 mA g -1 was observed for electrochemical cells employing a FeF 2 @NGC based electrode by optimizing the thickness of the NGC layer. In addition, when a full cell battery was assembled with C@Fe 3 C/Fe anode, it delivered a high energy density of 761.3 Wh kg -1 , indicating that the iron-based conversion-type cathode hold potential for high-performance SIBs. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Iron compounds

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5-Methyluridine is Ubiquitous in Pseudomonas aeruginosa tRNA and Modulates Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence

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Journal of Molecular Biology 2025年 169020页

作者： Chittrakanwong, Jurairat Chen, Ruixi Wu, Junzhou Demott, Michael S. Sun, Jingjing Phatinuwat, Kamonwan Jaroensuk, Juthamas Atichartpongkul, Sopapan Mongkolsuk, Skorn Begley, Thomas Dedon, Peter C. Fuangthong, Mayuree Program in Applied Biological Sciences Chulabhorn Graduate Institute Bangkok Thailand Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA United States Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Singapore Singapore Center for Environmental Health Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA United States Laboratory of Biotechnology Chulabhorn Research Institute Bangkok Thailand Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT) Bangkok Thailand The RNA Institute and Department of Biological Sciences University at Albany Albany NY United States

Building on decades of work in characterizing the dozens of RNA modifications in the microbial epitranscriptome, recent advances in analytical technology and genetics have revealed systems-level functions for many tRNA modifications. The tRNA (uracil-5-)-methyltransferase TrmA and its product, 5-methyl uridine (m⁵U) at position 54 in the T-loop, however, has not been linked to a specific phenotype. Here, we defined the functional and biological roles of TrmA in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA14), a major multidrug-resistant pathogen. Surprisingly, though TrmA was found to site-specifically catalyze m⁵U54 on all PA14 tRNAs, loss of TrmA had no effect on the levels of any of 36 tRNA modifications except m⁵U and had minimal effects on multiple phenotypic parameters, including growth rate, morphology, motility, and biofilm formation. However, loss of TrmA conferred a striking polymyxin antibiotic resistance. mRNA and tRNA profiling and proteomics analyses revealed that TrmA regulates the expression of codon-biased gene families at the level of translation, including components of a type III secretion system (T3SS). Loss of TrmA upregulated T3SS, leading to increased macrophage IL-1β in bacterial challenge tests. Altogether, these results revealed novel biological functions of TrmA and its roles in modulating gene expression at multiple levels in P. aeruginosa. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： codon usage Pseudomonas aeruginosa translation TrmA tRNA modification

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Numerical assessment of stainless steel tubular T-joints subjected to brace and chord axial forces

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ce/papers 2021年第2-4期4卷 2495-2503页

作者： Nogueira, Mateus M. de Lima, Luciano R. O. da S. Vellasco, Pedro C. G. Young, Ben PGECIV - Civil Engineering Post-Graduate Program UERJ – State University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil Structural Engineering Department UERJ – State University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong

The utilisation of tubular sections in steel structures has increased significantly worldwide. The use of stainless steel provides several benefits for structures, including high corrosion resistance, durability, fire resistance and ease of maintenance. A significant issue in the design of tubular structures is the joints failure since they are highly susceptible to local failures that influence their actual overall behavior. The design rules of welded carbon steel tubular joints are available, such as Eurocode 3, part 1-8, NBR 16239, ISO 14346 and CIDECT guides. When stainless steel tubular joints are considered, the AS/NZS 4673 Australian/New Zealand Standard is the only available specification that can be used. An experimental and numerical analysis of these tubular joints are recommended since they enable a more accurate evaluation of their structural performance. Concerning these aspects, this work aims to investigate stainless steel tubular T-joints fabricated by SHS and RHS cold-formed profiles that focused on the effect of chord pre-loading. For this purpose, a numerical study based on finite element analysis was performed. The finite element model was developed and calibrated against experiments. The results were subsequently compared with the aforementioned design predictions. © 2021 Ernst & Sohn Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin.

关键词： Finite element method

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Synergetic Application of Alum Sludge and Sequential Extraction for Phosphorus Recovery from Sewage Sludge Char

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Tiwari, Satya Brat Chin, Sze Yuet Veksha, Andrei Chan, Wei Ping Fei, Xunchang Lisak, Grzegorz Liu, Wen Lim, Teik-Thye Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Nanyang Technological University 1 Cleantech Loop CleanTech One 637141 Singapore School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798 Singapore Interdisciplinary Graduate Program Nanyang Technological University Singapore Centre of High Field NMR Spectroscopy and Imaging Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University 62 Nanyang Drive 637459 Singapore

Phosphorus (P) recovery from sewage sludge (SS) (or its ash/char) is challenging due to the presence of heavy metals (HMs) in SS. This study proposed the integration of SS, alum sludge (AS), sequential wet extraction, and pyrolysis for P recovery without simultaneous HM extraction. SS+AS mixture (P:Al molar ratio = 3:1) was first acid pretreated to obtain amended SS, then pyrolyzed, and finally, P was extracted from the char using an alkali. Pyrolysis was conducted at low (400˚C), medium (600˚C), and high (900˚C) temperatures. The highest alkaline P recovery efficiency was 88% from the amended SS char, while 32% from the unamended SS char (both prepared at 400˚C). Overall, the highest P recovery in the amended process was 48% higher than the unamended process despite 11% P loss during acidic pretreatment. Standards measurements and testing (SMT) protocol and solid-state NMR (31P and 27Al) analyses revealed that acidic pretreatment of SS with AS induced apatite phosphate (AP) to non-apatite inorganic phosphate (NAIP) conversion in SS. As NAIP is more soluble in alkali than AP and HMs, higher alkaline P recovery was achieved for amended SS char than unamended SS char, without HM contamination. However, higher pyrolytic temperatures impaired P recovery due to the immobilization of P in the char carbon matrix and the formation of recalcitrant P phases. These findings were corroborated by complementary characterization techniques such as XPS, XRD, and FTIR. Some major HMs in SS and AS were concentrated in char, except Zn, which partially volatilized above 600˚C. This study demonstrated the applicability of AS for extracting P from SS, offering a potential pathway for the synergetic management of sludge waste streams. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sewage sludge

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Association of paternal cadmium and other heavy metal exposure to birth outcomes using propensity score matching.

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Chemosphere 2023年第Pt 1期311卷 136792页

作者： Lee, Yu Min Kim, Yangho Park, Hyesook Hong, Yun-Chul Ha, Mina Kim, Young Ju Ha, Eun Hee Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Severance Hospital Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Ulsan University Hospital University of Ulsan College of Medicine Ulsan Korea Republic of Department of Preventive Medicine College of Medicine Ewha Medical Research Center Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea Republic of Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering Ewha Womans University Korea Republic of Department of Preventive Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Preventive Medicine College of Medicine Dankook University Cheonan Korea Republic of Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology College of Medicine Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Environmental Medicine College of Medicine Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea Republic of

Background: Human exposure to cadmium has various effects on health, especially on male reproductive organs. Although it is widely known that prenatal maternal cadmium exposure can affect birth outcomes, the effect of paternal exposure to cadmium remains unclear. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of paternal cadmium exposure on fetal growth by considering maternal cadmium exposure and exposure to other heavy metals, namely mercury and lead. Methods: The Mothers and Children's environmental Health (MOCEH) study is a prospective birth cohort study in Korea. Overall, 1313 families (father-mother-child triple) without child abnormalities and who completed paternal whole blood cadmium assessments were included in this study. Families were divided into two subgroups based on the blood sampling periods, namely early and late pregnancy. Subjects were selected as follows: one family triple with a high level of paternal cadmium and two triples with low levels of paternal cadmium, using the method of propensity score matching. And linear regression analyses were performed. Results: The group with high paternal cadmium exposure (80% or more;1.93 μg/L) had lower birth weight infants compared to the group with low cadmium concentrations (β(se) = −0.21(0.10);p-value = 0.0283). After stratification by infant sex, prenatal paternal cadmium exposure significantly reduced the birth weight of females in subgroups of different sampling times, namely early pregnancy (β(se) = −0.52 (0.22);p-value = 0.0170) and late pregnancy (β(se) = −0.43 (0.18);p-value = 0.0160). Finally, after performing propensity score matching in the early pregnancy measurement group, it was found that the prenatal exposure of father to cadmium significantly reduced birth weight in females (β(se) = −0.72(0.25);p-value = 0.0047). Conclusion: This study assessed the effect of paternal cadmium exposure on birth outcomes in family units consisting of a father, mother, and child. Prenatal paternal cadmi

关键词： Cadmium

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Single-Stranded DNA Recognition Over Fluorescent Gold-Aryl Nanoparticles

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Parambath, Javad B.M. Kanu, Gayathri A. Abu Odeh, Raed O. Kim, Sanghyun Han, Changseok Mohamed, Ahmed A. Department of Chemistry College of Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah27272 United Arab Emirates Center for Advanced Materials Research Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering University of Sharjah Sharjah27272 United Arab Emirates Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences College of Health Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah27272 United Arab Emirates Program in Environmental & Polymer Engineering Graduate School INHA University Incheon Korea Republic of Department of Environmental Engineering 100 Inha-ro Michuhol-gu INHA University Incheon Korea Republic of

Fluorescence labeling of gold-aryl nanoparticles, AuNPs-COOH, was achieved by the covalent derivatization with dansyl chloride (DNS-Cl) reagent (5-naphthalene-1-sulfonyl chloride) for potential ssDNA recognition. The fluorescent gold nanoparticles of AuNPs-C6 H4 -4-COO-dansyl (AuNPs-DNS) of spherical shape and size of 19.3 ± 8.3 nm were synthesized in carbonate-bicarbonate buffer (pH = 10.6) at room temperature. The fluorescence emission at 475 nm was acquired using fluorescence spectroscopy and investigated using time-resolved photoluminescence. The conjugation of ssDNA to AuNPs-DNS using freeze-thaw and salt-aging methods was confirmed by fluorescence emission quenching, gel electrophoresis separation, and lifetime decrease. Conjugated ssDNA to AuNPs-DNS using the freeze-thaw method was more efficient than salt-aging. The purity of ssDNA upon conjugation was measured by optical density and the obtained A260 /A280 ratio was in the range of 1.7–2.0. This research can be applied to other nucleotides recognition and theranostics. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fluorescence

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Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in a Managed Forest in the Amazon Estuary

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Aroni, Mario Flores Cattanio, José Henrique Gonçalves Jardim, Mário Augusto Vasconcelos, Steel Silva Reis de Carvalho, Claudio José de Morais, Rafaela Sales Maia, Edite Torres Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences Federal University of Pará Belém Brazil Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Professional School of Agricultural Engineering National University of Altiplano Puno Peru Biogeochemical Cycles Laboratory Federal University of Pará Belém Brazil Botany Coordination Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Belém Brazil Santa Teresa Brazil Plant Physiology Laboratory Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical Fortaleza Brazil Faculty of Meteorology Federal University of Pará Belém Brazil

The exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) between the soil and the atmosphere in the forests of the Amazon estuary allows us to measure greenhouse gas emissions. However, the spatial and temporal variability of these gases needs to be better understood, mainly because of the constant occurrence of floods in this ecosystem. This is the first annual study that uses the closed dynamic chamber method to quantify CO2 and CH4 fluxes in relation to floristic composition and environmental variables in a floodplain forest in the Amazon estuary. The average soil flux was 13.60 g CO2 m-2 d-1 and 176.92 mg CH4 m-2 d-1, both presenting spatial and temporal variations. The FCO2 was higher in the high topography and in the rainy season, and the CH4 flux was higher in the low topography and also in the rainy season. Soil fluxes of greenhouse gases in the floodplain area of the Amazon estuary are controlled by changes in the topography, are associated with soil moisture (water table height), and the amount of carbon in the soil. In this sense, the balance between carbon production and consumption depends on the hydrological conditions and the duration of floods, which can change under conditions of climate change. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Topography

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Advances in virus detection methods for wastewater-based epidemiological applications

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Case Studies in Chemical and environmental engineering 2022年 6卷 100238页

作者： Corpuz, Mary Vermi Aizza Buonerba, Antonio Zarra, Tiziano Hasan, Shadi W. Korshin, Gregory V. Belgiorno, Vincenzo Naddeo, Vincenzo Environmental Engineering Program National Graduate School of Engineering University of the Philippines 1101 Diliman Quezon City Philippines Department of Chemistry and Biology “Adolfo Zambelli” University of Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II-132 Fisciano 84084 Italy Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED) Department of Civil Engineering University of Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II-132 Fisciano 84084 Italy Department of Chemical Engineering Khalifa University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Washington Box 352700 Seattle 98105-2700 WA United States

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a powerful tool that has the potential to reveal the extent of an ongoing disease outbreak or to predict an emerging one. Recent studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 concentration in wastewater may be correlated with the number of COVID-19 cases in the corresponding population. Most of the recent studies and applications of wastewater-based surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 applied the “gold standard” real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) detection method. However, this method also has its limitations. The paper aimed to present recent improvements and applications of the PCR-based methods for SARS-CoV-2 monitoring in wastewater. Furthermore, it aimed to review alternative methods utilized and/or proposed for the detection of the virus in wastewater matrices. From the review, it was found that several studies have investigated the use of reverse-transcription digital polymerase reaction (RT-dPCR), which was generally shown to have a lower limit of detection (LOD) over the RT-qPCR. Aside from this, non-PCR-based and non-RNA based methods have also been explored for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater, with detailed attention given to the detection of SARS-CoV-2 proteins. The potential methods for protein detection include mass spectrometry, the use of immunosensors, and nanotechnological applications. In addition, the review of recent studies also revealed two types of emerging methods related to the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater: i) capsid-integrity assays to infer about the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 present in wastewater, and ii) alternative methods for detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) in wastewater. The recent studies on proposed methods of SARS-CoV-2 detection in wastewater have considered improving this approach in one or more of the following aspects: rapidity, simplicity, cost, sensitivity, and specificity. However, further studies are needed in order to re

关键词： Capsid integrity Digital polymerase reaction SARS-CoV-2 detection SARS-CoV-2 protein Variants of concern Wastewater-based epidemiology

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Cost-Effective Groundwater Potential Mapping by Integrating Multiple Remote Sensing Data and the Index–Overlay Method

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Remote Sensing 2024年第3期16卷

作者： Nainggolan, Lamtupa Ni, Chuen-Fa Darmawan, Yahya Lo, Wei-Cheng Lee, I-Hsian Lin, Chi-Ping Hiep, Nguyen Hoang Earth System Science Program Academia Sinica Taipei 11529 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Applied Geology National Central University Taoyuan City32001 Taiwan Education and Culture Board of Medan City Government North Sumatra 20233 Indonesia Center for Environmental Studies National Central University Taoyuan City32001 Taiwan Indonesian College of Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics STMKG Banten 15221 Indonesia Department of Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan City 701 Taiwan

The Choushui River groundwater basin (CRGB) in Yunlin County, Taiwan, is a significant groundwater source for the western part of the region. However, increasing groundwater demand and human activities have triggered a potential crisis due to overexploitation. Therefore, groundwater potential zone (GWPZ) maps are crucial for mapping groundwater resources and water resource management. This study employs the normalized index–overlay method and fuzzy extended analytical hierarchy process (FE-AHP) to map GWPZs cost-effectively. The methodology objectively incorporates weightings from various thematic layers by normalizing and correlating parameters with observed groundwater availability (GA). Site-specific observations, including aquifer thickness, depth to the groundwater level, and porosity, inform GA calculations. Seven comprehensive layers derived from remote sensing (RS) data are processed to obtain weightings and ratings for the groundwater potential index (GWPI) in the CRGB. Selected parameters are categorized into hydrological processes, human interventions, geological, and surface profiles. Hydrological processes include precipitation, modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI), and drainage density. Human interventions consist of the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and normalized difference building index (NDBI). Surface profiles encompass the terrain ruggedness index (TRI) and slope, enhancing the study’s multi-criteria approach. The observed GA validates the GWPZ accuracy, classifying zones into five categories. According to the GWPI of FE-AHP, about 59.56% of the CRGB area can be categorized as "moderate" to "very good" potential groundwater recharge zones. Pearson’s correlation coefficient between GWPI and GA, based on FE-AHP, outperforms the conventional AHP. This RS-based approach efficiently evaluates GA in aquifers with limited wells, highlighting crucial zones in CRGB’s proximal-fan and southeastern mid-fan for informed groundwater management

关键词： Aquifers

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