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Flamingos use their L-shaped beak and morphing feet to induce vortical traps for prey capture

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2025年第21期122卷 e2503495122页

作者： Ortega-Jimenez, Victor M. Yee, Tien Rohilla, Pankaj Seleb, Benjamin Belair, Jake Bhamla, Saad Department of Integrative Biology University of California Berkeley CA 94720 School of Biology and Ecology University of Maine Orono ME 04469 United States School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Kennesaw State University Marietta United States Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Quantitative Biosciences Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 United States Nashville Zoo Nashville United States

Flamingos feature one of the most sophisticated filter-feeding systems among birds, characterized by upside-down feeding, comb-like lamellae, and a piston-like tongue. However, the hydrodynamic functions of their L-shaped chattering beak, S-curved neck, and distinct behaviors such as stomping and feeding against the flow remain a mystery. Combining live flamingo experiments with live brine shrimp and passive particles, bioinspired physical models, and 3D CFD simulations, we show that flamingos generate self-induced vortical traps using their heads, beaks, and feet to capture agile planktonic prey in harsh fluid environments. When retracting their heads rapidly (~40 cm/s), flamingos generate tornado-like vortices that stir up and upwell bottom sediments and live shrimp aided by their L-shaped beak. Remarkably, they also induce directional flows (~7 cm/s) through asymmetric beak chattering underwater (~12 Hz). Their morphing feet create horizontal eddies during stomping, lifting, and concentrating sediments and brine shrimp, while trapping fast-swimming invertebrates, as confirmed by using a 3D-printed morphing foot model. During interfacial skimming, flamingos produce a vortical recirculation zone at the beak's tip, aiding in prey capture. Experiments using a flamingo-inspired particle collection system indicate that beak chattering improves capture rates by ~7×. These findings offer design principles for bioinspired particle collection systems that may be applied to remove pollutants and harmful microorganisms from water bodies.

关键词： birds filter feeding hydrodynamics vortices

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Parameterized models for estimating atmospheric longwave radiation and surface net radiation in the Brazilian semi-arid region

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Journal of South American Earth Sciences 2025年 160卷

作者： Silva, Delson J.F. Silva, Tarciana R.B.F. de Oliveira, Michele L. de Oliveira, Gabriel Mishra, Manoranjan Guimarães Santos, Celso Augusto Marques da Silva, Richarde dos Santos, Carlos A.C. Graduate Program in Meteorology Academic Unity of Atmospheric Sciences Federal University of Campina Grande Paraíba Campina Grande 58109-970 Brazil Graduate Program in Engineering and Natural Resources Management Federal University of Campina Grande Paraíba Campina Grande 58109-970 Brazil Department of Earth Sciences University of South Alabama Mobile 36688 AL United States Department of Natural Resource Management & Geoinformatics Berhampur University Berhampur Odisha Ganjam India Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Federal University of Paraíba Paraíba João Pessoa 58051-900 Brazil Department of Geosciences Federal University of Paraíba Paraíba João Pessoa 58051-900 Brazil

This study seeks to understand and estimate atmospheric longwave irradiance (Rld) and surface net radiation (Rn) using parameterized models applied to semi-arid regions of northeastern Brazil. Studies on surface energ... 详细信息

This study seeks to understand and estimate atmospheric longwave irradiance (R_ld) and surface net radiation (R_n) using parameterized models applied to semi-arid regions of northeastern Brazil. Studies on surface energy flows are of interest to areas such as environmental and agricultural sciences, and are of great importance in analyzing and managing water resources. Thus, this research could benefit the study region, which constantly experiences periods of water scarcity that affect agricultural activities and the lives of communities. An exploration of data gathered from micrometeorological stations spanning the period from 2014 to 2016 within various caatinga vegetation areas exhibiting distinct levels of preservation. This exploration involved comparative analyses between methods available in existing literature and those proposed by the authors. The biome under study is unique to Brazil and remains relatively underexplored in terms of comprehensive research and studies. In the R_ld analysis, parameterizations for days with clear and cloudy skies were considered, and the proposed models presented results that surpassed the results of most of the tested models in the literature. Among the models examined, the Crawford and Duchon (1999) model displayed remarkable efficiency in estimating R_ld within the study area. Furthermore, the models were fine-tuned to estimate the surface R_n for the respective areas of each micrometeorological station. These calibrations factored in both dry and rainy seasons for the R_n analyses. The calibration results were satisfactory, with r² values for the proposed models greater than 0.90 for R_ld for clear sky conditions and 0.94 for all conditions, and a high agreement was shown with values greater than 0.96 according to the criteria of Willmott et al. (2012). The results for R_n show the potential of the models to contribute, for example,

关键词： Atmospheric longwave radiation Net radiation Parametrizations Semi-arid

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Magnetically separable silica-chitosan hybrids for efficient phosphate adsorption in aqueous solution

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Case Studies in Chemical and environmental engineering 2025年 11卷

作者： Nuryono, Nuryono Sukamto, Sukamto Kunarti, Eko Sri Krisbiantoro, Philip Anggo Wan Abdullah, Wan Nazwanie Kamiya, Yuichi Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Gadjah Mada Bulaksumur Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia of Life Science Hokkaido University Kita 10 Nishi 8 Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0810 Japan International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan Molecular Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei 11529 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering College of Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan School of Chemical Science Universiti Sains Malaysia Gelugor Penang 11800 Malaysia Faculty of Environmental Earth Science Hokkaido University Nishi 5 Kita 10 Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0810 Japan

In the present study, magnetic silica-chitosan hybrid (NMP@SiO2/CPTMS/Chi) was synthesized via a convenient and green sol-gel technique under room temperature, and the material was used as a highly efficient magnetic ... 详细信息

In the present study, magnetic silica-chitosan hybrid (NMP@SiO₂/CPTMS/Chi) was synthesized via a convenient and green sol-gel technique under room temperature, and the material was used as a highly efficient magnetic adsorbent for the removal of phosphate ions in water. While the magnetic properties of NMP from iron enable the material to be quickly separated via magnetic separation, the abundant active sites from the chitosan made the hybrid exhibit high adsorption capacity for phosphate ions. At pH 6, the removal of phosphate ions followed the pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model with the adsorption rate constant (k₂) of 5.9 × 10^-3 mg g⁻¹ min⁻¹ and obeyed the Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum adsorption capacity (q_max) of 15.06 mg g⁻¹, outperforming most of the previously reported adsorbents. Stability tests and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) analysis demonstrated that NMP@SiO₂/CPTMS/Chi remained stable even under strongly acidic conditions and possessed high thermal stability, respectively. The synergistic combination of high adsorption capacity, acid stability, thermal stability, and facile magnetic separation renders NMP@SiO₂/CPTMS/Chi a promising adsorbent for wastewater treatment and environmental remediation. Overall, this innovative material represents a significant advancement in phosphate removal, offering a sustainable and effective solution to address the global challenge of water pollution and protect aquatic ecosystems. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Adsorption Chitosan Magnetic material Phosphate Silica Sol-gel

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Sustainability assessment of additive manufacturing end-of-life material management

Next Sustainability

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Next Sustainability 2025年 5卷

作者： John D. Chea Gerardo J. Ruiz-Mercado Raymond L. Smith Michael A. Gonzalez David E. Meyer Office of Research & Development US Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati OH 45268 USA Chemical Engineering Graduate Program Universidad del Atlántico Puerto Colombia 080007 Colombia

Additive manufacturing (AM) methods enable complex, customized, and on-demand production of many products from different material types across various industries. The growing demand for flexible and more sustainable manufacturing solutions places AM in the mix of processes considered for non-commodities. However, AM processes also present unintentional environmental releases in end-of-life (EoL) material management, compromising overall sustainability. Data availability to assess the sustainability of individual EoL material management from individual AM processes is limited. Even so, EoL materials generated across AM practices frequently overlap, supporting high-level assessment as an alternative approach. Therefore, a holistic AM EoL material management sustainability analysis was completed using a customized list of efficiency, environmental, energy, and economic indicators from the G auging R eaction E ffectiveness for the E nvironmental S ustainability of C hemistries with a multi- O bjective P rocess E valuator (GREENSCOPE) methodology. Subsequently, this assessment identified low material recycling rates and high energy costs in some EoL material management processes, such as incineration and recovery. Subsequently, a trade-off analysis was performed to determine process modification opportunities, including implementing recycling to reduce the amount of hazardous waste at the expense of additional energy and cost investment. The AM EoL-specific sustainability analysis serves as a resource to offer insights and empower policymakers and stakeholders to enhance pollution prevention strategies and optimize the existing EoL material management processes.

关键词： Sustainability assessment Additive manufacturing End-of-life material management

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Electrochemical improvement of methane production via surface engineering of graphitic cathodes in anaerobic sequential batch reactors

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Journal of environmental Management 2025年 387卷 125826页

作者： Smruti Ranjan Dash Hyungmin Choi Jae Keun Song Dayoung Ko Changsoo Lee Jeonghwan Kim Department of Environmental Engineering Program of Environmental and Polymer Engineering Inharo-100 Michuhol-gu Incheon Republic of Korea Department of Civil Urban Earth and Environmental Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea

Five anaerobic sequential batch reactors (SBR), SBR 1−SBR 5 run in parallel were examined for biogas output trends under varying hydraulic retention times (HRT). SBR 1 was run without biomass for 1 month to study electrode stability and the effect of applied potential on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) degradation. Polyaniline (PANI/Graphite) modification in reactors SBR 4 and iron-coated PANI (Fe-PANI/Graphite) in SBR 5 increased biogas production by almost 2.5 times compared to SBR 2 without electrodes. SBR 3 equipped with unmodified graphite rods was used as a control for cathode modifications. By decreasing HRT, cumulative methane production increased to 280 and 320 mL at 72 h and 350 and 500 mL at 48 h. Compared to SBR 2, an electric field increased daily biogas production. Methane composition in SBR 5 increased from 44% at 96-h to 71% at 48-h HRT after 30 days. SBR 4 recovered within 7 days after HRT modifications reduced methane output. The methane yield increased significantly with electric current in SBR 3 (2.6 times), SBR 4 (5.4 times), and SBR 5 (7.4 times). The effluent total organic carbon was stabilized at 15 mg/L for SBR 2 and SBR 3 and improved to below 5 mg/L for SBR 4 and SBR 5 during reactor operation. SBR 5, equipped with an Fe-PANI/Graphite cathode showing the lowest charge transfer resistance, developed distinct microbial community structures in both anodic and cathodic biofilms, compared to the other electrically assisted SBRs.

关键词： Anaerobic sequential batch reactors Bio-electrochemical system Biogas production Cathode modification Electric field application

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Network analysis with quantum dynamics clarifies why photosystem II exploits both chlorophyll a and b

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Science Advances 2025年第19期11卷 eads0327-eads0327页

作者： Kim, Eunchul Lee, Daekyung Sakamoto, Souichi Jo, Ju-Yeon Vargas, Mauricio Ishizaki, Akihito Minagawa, Jun Kim, Heetae Division of Environmental Photobiology National Institute for Basic Biology Okazaki 444-8585 Japan Basic Biology Program Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies SOKENDAI Okazaki 444-8585 Japan Department of Energy Engineering Korea Institute of Energy Technology Naju 58330 South Korea Supply Chain Intelligence Institute Austria Vienna 1030 Austria Institute for Molecular Science Okazaki 444-8585 Japan Graduate School of Energy Science Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8501 Japan Instituto de Matemáticas Universidad de Talca Talca 3460000 Chile Molecular Science Program Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies SOKENDAI Okazaki 444-8585 Japan Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan

In green plants, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b are the predominant pigments bound to light-harvesting proteins. While the individual characteristics of these chlorophylls are well understood, the advantages of their coexistence remain unclear. In this study, we establish a method to simulate excitation energy transfer within the entire photosystem II supercomplex by using network analysis integrated with quantum dynamic calculations. We then investigate the effects of the coexistence of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b by comparing various chlorophyll compositions. Our results reveal that the natural chlorophyll composition allows the excited energy to preferentially flow through specific domains that act as safety valves, preventing downstream overflow. Our findings suggest that the light-harvesting proteins in a photosystem II supercomplex achieve evolutionary advantages with the natural chlorophyll a/b ratio, capturing light energy efficiently and safely across various light intensities. Using our framework, one can better understand how green plants harvest light energy and adapt to changing environmental conditions. Copyright © 2025 The Authors, some rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum electronics

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Feeding a high-density pellet improves the size homogeneity of juvenile tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum)

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Animal Feed Science and Technology 2025年 325卷

作者： Farias, Ana Beatriz de S. Prestes, Armando G. Dantas, Francisco de M. Oishi, César A. Pastrana, Yugo M. Yamamoto, Fernando Y. Carvalho, Thaís B. Gonçalves, Ligia U. Aquaculture Graduate Program Nilton Lins University AM Brazil Animal Science and Fisheries Graduate Program Federal University of Amazonas AM Brazil National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA) AM Brazil Laboratory of Feeding Behavior and Fish Nutrition Center of Agricultural Environmental and Biological Sciences Federal University of Recôncavo Bahia (UFRB) BA Brazil Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center Mississippi State University MS United States Department of Wildlife Fisheries and Aquaculture Mississippi State University MS United States Department of Animal Science School of Animal Science and Food Engineering University of São Paulo SP Brazil

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of bulk feed density on feeding behavior, aggressiveness, growth performance, and homogeneity of juvenile tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). It consisted of three experiments. The first experiment assessed the extrusion process and physical characteristics of diets with different extrusion settings, resulting in high-density pellets (HDP), medium-density pellets (MDP), and low-density pellets (LDP). The second experiment evaluated the growth performance and homogeneity of juvenile tambaqui (23.3 ± 1.7 g, 11.4 ± 0.3 cm) fed these diets. A total of 225 fish were distributed across 15 tanks (500 L, 15 fish/tank) and fed four times daily for nine weeks. The third experiment observed behavioral interactions, including feeding and aggression, by monitoring fish for 360 minutes over three days. Results showed that pellet physical characteristics were significantly influenced by extrusion settings, except for water solubility and absorption. In experiment two, the feed density (HDP, MDP, or LDP) did not affect weight gain, but the coefficient of variation values indicated that fish fed HDP were more homogeneous, with a coefficient of variation of 5.76 %. In experiment three, fish fed MDP exhibited more aggressiveness and social instability. In conclusion, tambaqui fed HDP showed a more stable social hierarchy, less aggression, and smaller size variation, suggesting that HDP may lead to more homogeneous batches during the grow-out stage. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Bulk density Extruder settings Feeding behavioral Homogeneity

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E-waste issues and measures in the Philippines

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Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 2006年第1期8卷 34-39页

作者： Peralta, Genandrialine L. Fontanos, Psyche M. Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering Graduate Program University of the Philippines Diliman Quezon City 1101 Philippines

The continuous dependence on electronic equipment at home and in the workplace has given rise to a new environmental challenge: electronic waste. Electronic waste, or e-waste, refers to electronic products that no longer satisfy the needs of the initial purchaser. These can include a wide variety of goods, such as computers, cellular phones, TVs, refrigerators, air conditioners, washing machines, and video cameras. These pieces of equipment contain hazardous materials such as lead, beryllium, mercury, cadmium, and chromium that pose both an occupational and environmental health threat. Although electronic equipment is considered safe during use, the potential for release of the toxic constituents increases during storage or disposal. Because of the growing number of discarded electronic devices resulting from rapid product obsolescence, this type of waste is an emerging concern among developing countries. This study estimates the current and future quantity of e-waste in the Philippines, with a focus on televisions, refrigerators, air conditioners, washing machines, and radios. Data from the National Statistics Office (NSO) serve as the input to a simple end-of-life model for each type of electronic device. Mathematical equations are derived incorporating other factors, such as the number of electronic devices in use, current end-of-life management practices, serviceable years of the product, and disposal behavior of consumers. An accurate estimation of e-waste generation would be useful in policy making as well as in designing an effective management scheme to avoid the potential threats of health impacts or environmental pollution. Preliminary estimates show that at the end of 2005, approximately 2.7 million units became obsolete and about 1.8 million units required landfilling. Over a 10-year period from 1995 to 2005, approximately 25 million units became obsolete. An additional 14 million units are projected to become obsolete in the next 5 years. © Springer-Ver

关键词： E-waste estimation Electronic waste Philippines

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Adsorption and ecotoxicology studies with aqueous solution of Cr(VI) ions using adsorbent materials derived from Inga edulis

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Chemosphere 2025年 378卷 144378页

作者： Lima, Lucas dos Santos Fernandes, Erica Porto Novelli, Andrea Costa, Luiz Pereira da Monteiro, Michael Douglas Santos dos Santos, Marcos Vinícius Quirino Freitas, Jefferson Arlen Sussuchi, Eliana Midori - SEnM Laboratory of Corrosion and Nanotechnology - LCNT Graduate Program in Chemistry Department of Chemistry Federal University of Sergipe Av. Marcelo Deda Chagas 304 Rosa Elze Sergipe São Cristóvão49107-230 Brazil Aquatic Ecosystems Study Group - GEEA Department of Environmental Engineering Federal University of Sergipe Av. Marcelo Deda Chagas 304 Rosa Elze Sergipe São Cristóvão49107-230 Brazil Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials - LANanMF Department of Chemistry Federal University of Sergipe Av. Marcelo Deda Chagas 304 Rosa Elze Sergipe São Cristóvão49107-230 Brazil Environmental Technology Laboratory - LATAM Department of Environmental Engineering Federal University of Sergipe Av. Marcelo Deda Chagas 304 Rosa Elze Sergipe São Cristóvão49107-230 Brazil

Adsorbents derived from the bark of Inga edulis were developed for the removal of Cr(VI) ions. Chemical activation with sulfuric acid led to significant changes in the physicochemical properties of the biomass. The adsorbent materials denoted IB (inga biomass) and AIB (activated inga biomass) showed higher removal efficiencies at pH 2.0 and dosages of 1.0 and 0.25 g L−1, respectively. The adsorption kinetics could be fitted using the Elovich model, indicating that the adsorption occurred on heterogeneous surfaces. The maximum adsorption capacities were 46.0 mg g−1 for IB and 356.6 mg g−1 for AIB, with behaviors that could be described by the Langmuir (monolayer) and Freundlich (multilayer) models, respectively. XPS analyses confirmed the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III), due to interactions with oxygenated functional groups. Thermodynamic evaluation indicated that the adsorption was spontaneous, with exothermic character for IB and endothermic character for AIB. Ecotoxicological assays using Daphnia similis showed that a Cr(VI) concentration of 4.34 μg L−1 caused 50.0 % immobility, while adsorption by the materials eliminated the toxicity, demonstrating the effectiveness of the adsorbents in reducing environmental impacts. Additionally, an electrode derived from the adsorption of Cr(VI) on AIB, denoted CPEAIB-Cr-ads-active, presented good performance in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), with high current density and low overpotential. The structure of the electrode, with high surface area and the presence of pores and cavities, was favorable for electrochemical catalysis, evidencing its potential for use in applications concerning renewable energy and environmental detoxification. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： environmental monitoring

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Sex-specific effects of prenatal exposure to phthalates and bisphenol A on adverse birth outcomes: Results from The Korean CHildren's environmental health Study (Ko-CHENS)

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Environment International 2025年 199卷 109518页

作者： Oh, Jongmin Shah, Surabhi Lee, Kyung A Park, Eunkyo Lee, Dong-Wook Hong, Yun-Chul Song, Sanghwan Kim, Sung Yeon Park, Huibyeol Kim, Hwan-Cheol Jeong, Kyoung Sook Ha, Eunhee Department of Environmental Medicine College of Medicine Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea Republic of College of Medicine Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Human Systems Medicine College of Medicine Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology College of Medicine Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Inha University Hospital Inha University Incheon Korea Republic of Institute of Environmental Medicine Medical Research Center Seoul National University Korea Republic of Environmental Health Research Division National Institute of Environmental Research Incheon Korea Republic of Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine College of Medicine Wonju Severance Christian Hospital Yonsei University Wonju Korea Republic of Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering Ewha Womans University Ewha Medical Research Institute College of Medicine Seoul Korea Republic of

Objectives: Although previous epidemiological studies have reported the effects of fetal exposure to phthalates and phenols on birth outcomes, evidence is still limited. The objective of this study was to investigate whether prenatal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals [EDCs;phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA)] is associated with birth outcomes and whether there are sex-specific effects. Methods: We used data from the Korean CHildren's environmental health Study (Ko-CHENS) cohort. Exposure to phthalates and BPA was measured by urine tests, and the information on outcomes and confounders was obtained from delivery records, biomarker assessment, and a self-reported questionnaire. We performed multivariate logistic regression to estimate the association between exposure to individual phthalates and bisphenol A and birth outcomes. Additionally, to evaluate the effects of EDC mixture exposure, we performed weighted quantile sum regression analysis. Subgroup analysis stratified by maternal age and sex at birth was performed to examine potential differences in associations. Results: This study included 2,176 mother–child pairs from the Ko-CHENS. We observed a significant association between the risk of PTB and exposure to BPA during early pregnancy and mono-carboxyoctyl phthalate (MCOP) during late pregnancy, with odds ratios of 1.23 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.49) and 1.29 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.62), respectively. Additionally, there was a significant association between exposure to MCOP during early pregnancy and the risk of LBW (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.89). For male infants in particular, exposure to MCOP during early pregnancy was associated with the risk of LBW (OR: 2.44, 95% CI: 1.43, 4.15), and exposure to MCOP during late pregnancy was associated with the risk of PTB (OR 1.45, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.02). Conclusions: This study suggests a potential association between exposure to BPA during early pregnancy and PTB, while exposure to MCOP during late pregnancy was associated with inc

关键词： Logistic regression

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