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18th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction, IGLC 18

作者： De Melo, Reymard Sávio S. Da Alves, Thais C.L. Graduate Program in Structural Engineering and Construction Federal University of Ceará Fortaleza CE Brazil J.R. Filanc Construction Engineering and Management Program Department of Civil Construction and Environmental Engineering San Diego State University San Diego CA 92182-1324 United States

This study focused on pre-fabricated wooden doors and their supply chain, which have all of its components pre-assembled by the supplier. The literature indicates that supply chain management in construction has four roles. One concerns the transfer of activities from the site to the supply chain to take advantage of better conditions at the fabricator's end. This role assumes that fabricators are in a better environment to perform certain tasks and deliver better products that can be quickly installed on site, as the product is pre-assembled. This is the first working hypothesis tested in study. A second working hypothesis is that off-site prefabricated doors have short lead times for fabrication and on-site installation and present fewer problems during installation when compared to traditional doors. The two-phase research comprised a preliminary study and two in-depth case studies about pre-fabricated wooden doors. Wooden doors presented problems related to the installation and final product quality regardless of the type of project. Some advantages of prefabricated elements were lost due lack of trust between contractors and suppliers, lack of consideration of preconditions necessary for successful site installation, and lack of standardization and tolerance management resulted in suboptimal solutions during the installation phase.

关键词： Fabrication

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Interdisciplinary graduate education in water and environmental resources in 2050

Interdisciplinary graduate education in water and environmen...

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World environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010: Challenges of Change

作者： Saito, Laurel Fiedler, Fritz Cosens, Barbara Kauneckis, Derek Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science Graduate Program of Hydrologic Sciences University of Nevada Reno NV United States Department of Civil Engineering Waters of the West Graduate Program University of Idaho United States College of Law Waters of the West Program University of Idaho United States Department of Political Science University of Nevada Reno NV United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780784411148

The science and management of environmental- and water-related issues requires an interdisciplinary approach, as recognized by funding agencies, consulting firms, and public organizations. In their role of preparing students for productive professional careers, academic institutions should be able to train students in interdisciplinary approaches, but complications exist in current academic environments that make interdisciplinary education especially challenging. We provide a vision of interdisciplinary graduate education in water and environmental resources in 2050 after presenting a brief assessment of current issues in interdisciplinary education. © 2010 ASCE.

关键词： Water resources

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A preliminary investigation of polymer modified hydrated cement paste prisms and the fracture analysis of tested specimens

A preliminary investigation of polymer modified hydrated cem...

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ACI Spring 2010 Convention

作者： Belkowitz, J. Best, M. Nilsen, M. Fisher, F. Armentrout, D. Stevens Institute of Technology United States Ninyo and Moore Geotechnical and Environmental Consultants Denver CO United States Civil Engineering Technology Program Metro State College Denver United States Lafarge's Western US Region Denver CO United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Stevens Institute of Technology United States Nanotechnology Graduate Program Stevens Institute of Technology United States Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Denver United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781618392060

The following paper documents the preliminary experimentation and analysis of a polymer fortified hydrated cement sample. Concrete is a brittle construction material. When compared to other construction materials, concrete can offer competitive structural resistance under compressive loads. But due to the brittle nature of the hydrated cement matrix, C-S-H network, concrete is poor when resisting flexural loads. The brittle C-S-H structures cannot absorb the flexural energy like a ductile material. The properties of concrete fracture are analyzed at the microscopic level to understand the method of failure. By including the acrylic polymer into the hydrated specimens it was the belief of the authors that the acrylic polymer would enhance the fracture behaviour of the concrete in flexure. The C-S-H hydrates precipitate from a saturated solution. The acrylic polymer, after being mixed into the cement paste while still fresh, becomes secured in the C-S-H structure as said structure hardens. Samples were cast, cured, and tested in order to determine if the acrylic polymer cause the C-S-H structure to behave in a ductile manner. The testing included compressive and flexural stress tests with microstructure observation via Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The compressive and flexural tests were used to discern a measured value of gain when using an acrylic polymer compared to a control mix. The SEM images were used to determine crack origin, type of failure, and acrylic polymer benefit. The tests and SEM images revealed that there was a negative reaction between the admixtures to cause an excessive air generation. Despite the setback, the SEM images revealed evidence of energy absorbing of the acrylic polymer mix.

关键词： Scanning electron microscopy

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K-12 teacher professional development effectively offered by STEM faculty from a research University

K-12 teacher professional development effectively offered by...

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2010 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition

作者： Powers, Susan Brydges, Bruce DeWaters, Jan Small, Mary Margaret Gotham, Gail Turner, Peter Engineering for Research and Graduate Studies Clarkson University United States Academic Assessment/Institutional Research Office of Institutional Effectiveness State University College New York - Potsdam United States Environmental Science and Engineering Program Clarkson University United States Office of Educational Partnerships Clarkson University United States Program Planning and Development St. Lawrence-Lewis BOCES Canton NY United States Arts and Sciences Clarkson University United States

As part of an extensive University - K-12 partnership program in STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) disciplines, more than 20 faculty members at Clarkson University have developed and taught summer institutes and workshops for area middle and high school teachers. The goals of these interventions are to provide rigorous and state-of-the-art STEM content knowledge, to model effective and active teaching strategies, and to prepare the teachers to bring the new STEM content into their classrooms. The 5-day summer institutes provide rigorous content and hands-on activities for the teachers. The objective of this paper is to describe the development and assessment of the institutes. The design of the institutes was based on educational research that has documented key features of professional development and careful evaluation of prior professional development activities in the region. The optimal partnership was defined as one where teachers partner with working scientists, mathematicians, and engineers who have sophisticated equipment in laboratory work space, computing facilities and other resources of higher education. During the past two years, approximately 250 individuals attended 22 institutes;some of the teachers attended multiple offerings. The efficacy and impact of these institutes has been assessed through pre- and post content knowledge or capability tests, evaluation forms, and peer-review of lessons developed as an outcome of the institutes. For all institutes, evaluations indicated a statistically significant increase in STEM content knowledge and evaluations were remarkable. The transfer of this knowledge by the teachers into classroom lesson plans and activities, and the peer review of that outcome are on-going. © American Society for engineering Education, 2010.

关键词： Teaching

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Co-processing of grinding sludge as alternative raw material in portland cement clinker production

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Journal of Applied Sciences 2010年第15期10卷 1525-1535页

作者： Punmatharith, T. Rachakornkij, M. Imyim, A. Wecharatana, M. International Postgraduate Program in Environmental Management Graduate School Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand National Center of Excellence for Environmental and Hazardous Waste Management Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering New Jersey's Science and Technology University Newark NJ 07102-1982 United States

This research aimed to investigate the potential of partial substitution of cement raw meal with grinding sludge as an alternative raw material in Portland cement clinker production. Cement raw mixtures with up to 3% raw mix replacement were put through a burning process in a high-temperature furnace. One reference and three modified mixtures, containing 1, 2 and 3% dry weight of grinding sludge were examined. XRF analysis results showed that CaO, SiO2, A12O3 and Fe2O3 in ordinary cement raw meal were within typical concentration ranges. The grinding sludge had high concentrations of iron, cadmium, chromium and nickel and was consequently classified as a hazardous waste. High Fe2O3 made the grinding sludge a good candidate for alternative raw material. Higher replacement of grinding sludge was found to improve burnability, reduce formation of major of cement compositions (dicalcium silicate, C2S and tricalcium aluminate, C3A), lower in silica and alumina ratios, but promote the formation of tricalcium silicate (C3S) and tetracalcium aluminateferrite (C4AF). Microstructural analysis of the synthesized Portland clinker revealed that the grinding sludge promoted formation of secondary C2S as well as caused color change of C3S. Thai regulatory leaching procedure was performed on the synthesized clinker and mortar samples. The concentrations of heavy metals in the leachate were found below the limits. Moreover, the maximum substitution of grinding sludge was found to be 2% of grinding sludge. Thus, this sludge has potential applications as an alternative raw material in cement production. © 2010 Asian Network for Scientific Information.

关键词： Heavy metals

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Climate change impact and anthropogenic effects in land subsidence of Querétaro valley, Mexico

Climate change impact and anthropogenic effects in land subs...

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作者： González-Sosa, E. Ramos-Salinas, N.R. Mastachi-Loza, C.A. Universidad Autonoma de Querétaro School of Engineering Graduate Program in Environmental and Water Resources Engineering C. U. Cerro de las Campanas 76010 Querétaro Mexico Tecnológico Regional de Querétaro Av. Tecnológico S/N. Esq. M. Escobedo. Co. Centro CP 76000 Querétaro Mexico

ISBN: (纸本)9781907161124

Recently, long drought periods and the requirements of large water amounts for urban and agricultural uses have occasioned a high groundwater overexploitation, that is closely related to land subsidence in the Querétaro Metropolitan Zone (QMZ). The urbanized areas around QMZ have experienced a rapid growing period. In this paper we present the results of the spatial precipitation distribution in the QMZ and its potential influence on the processes of land subsidence. Some possible areas were identified where large rainfalls are concentrated. The spatial distribution analysis of precipitation showed that the highest rainfall is localized in the northwest zone of QMZ. The results shows the importance that climate changes can play and the role of anthropogenic conditions in highly urbanized zones for a better understanding of the land subsidence phenomena at the scale of hydrological basins and micro-basins. Copyright © 2010 IAHS Press.

关键词： Climate change

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Al2O3-supported Cu-Co bimetallic catalysts prepared with polyol process for removal of BTEX and PAH in the incineration flue gas

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Fuel 2009年第2期88卷 340-347页

作者： Lu, Chi-Yuan Tseng, Hui-Hsin Wey, Ming-Yen Liu, Ling-Yi Kuo, Jia-Hong Chuang, Kui-Hao Department of Public Health Chung Shan Medical University Taichung 402 Taiwan Department of Occupational Safety and Health Graduate Program Chung Shan Medical University Taichung 402 Taiwan Department of Environmental Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung 402 Taiwan

The polyol process is an effective method to generate well-dispersed nanoscale active sites on a support. To study the activity of catalysts prepared by polyol process, Cu1.25Co3.75/Al2O3, Cu2.5Co2.5/Al2O3, and Cu3.75Co1.25/Al2O3 were studied in a pilot-scale incinerator system to remove benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and the effect of lead in a flue gas was also discussed. The pilot-scale experiment results indicated that Cu1.25Co3.75/Al2O3 exhibited a good performance on organic compounds removal, without being poisoned by lead. The bimetal containing Cu/Co = 1/3 exhibits a better activity and stabilization on oxidation than the others. When the Cu/Co ratio was above one, the X-ray powder diffractometer, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses results revealed that several components (Cu0, CuO, and CuCo2O4) of the spent catalysts disappeared. This may be due to the active sites that were covered with an amount of CH3-groups. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Volatile organic compounds

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The comparison between the polyol process and the impregnation method for the preparation of CNT-supported nanoscale Cu catalyst

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Chemical engineering Journal 2009年第3期145卷 461-467页

作者： Lu, Chi-Yuan Tseng, Hui-Hsin Wey, Ming-Yen Hsueh, Ting-Wei Department of Public Health Chung Shan Medical University Taichung 402 Taiwan Department of Occupational Safety and Health Graduate Program Chung Shan Medical University Taichung 402 Taiwan Department of Environmental Engineering National Chung-Hsing University Taichung 402 Taiwan

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are relatively potential materials for catalyst supports. CNT-supported Cu catalysts were prepared by an impregnation method and a polyol process. The catalytic activity was examined under different reaction atmospheres, Cu contents, and sizes of supports for CO oxidation. The experimental results showed that the active phase on the catalyst prepared by the impregnation method (10-20 nm) was smaller than that on the catalyst prepared by the polyol process (30-50 nm). Furthermore, the smaller active phase showed better performance for CO oxidation. Therefore, catalysts prepared by the impregnation method had a lower activation energy (57.47 kJ mol-1) than those prepared by the polyol process. The optimum CNT-supported Cu catalyst prepared by the impregnation method using 10-20 nm CNTs had a Cu content of 13.4 wt.%, and a CO conversion of 33% achieved at 125 °C with a total space velocity of 1.56 × 105 h-1. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes

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Effects of the ratio of Cu/Co and metal precursors on the catalytic activity over Cu-Co/Al2O3 prepared using the polyol process

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Materials Science and engineering: B 2009年第1-3期157卷 105-112页

作者： Lu, Chi-Yuan Tseng, Hui-Hsin Wey, Ming-Yen Liu, Ling-Yi Chuang, Kui-Hao Department of Public Health Chung Shan Medical University Taichung 402 Taiwan Department of Occupational Safety and Health Graduate Program Chung Shan Medical University Taichung 402 Taiwan Department of Environmental Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung 402 Taiwan

Cu-Co bimetallic catalysts were prepared using a simple polyol process. The effects of various metal precursors (nitrate, acetate, and chloride) and Cu/Co ratios on the activities of the catalysts were evaluated for toluene oxidation and NO reduction. The results indicated that the use of the metal precursor Cu-Co acetate in preparing the bimetallic catalysts resulted in good metal dispersion and high catalytic activity. When the atomic Cu/Co ratio was 0.21 in the Al2O3-supported catalyst, the dispersion of active sites was promoted by the Cu, and the catalytic activity was stable over the reaction time. CuO and Cu0 species and large particle sizes (20 nm) formed when the Co loading weight in the catalyst increased, and conversion decreased. When the reaction temperature was 300 °C, NO and toluene were able to be simultaneously removed with high conversion rates (83% and 98%). © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Catalyst activity

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Study on the annoyance assessment model in the area exposed by the combined noise due to road traffic and railway

Study on the annoyance assessment model in the area exposed ...

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38th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control engineering 2009, INTER-NOISE 2009

作者： Ko, Joon Hee Kim, Kyoung Min Chang, Seo Il Graduate Program BK21 Urban Environmental System Engineering University of Seoul Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-743 Korea Republic of Department of Environmental Engineering University of Seoul Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-743 Korea Republic of School of Environmental Engineering University of Seoul Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-743 Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9781615676903

This paper studies to establish the quantitative assessment model of combined noise in areas due to transportation source using the three-dimensional noise map and field survey. The three-dimensional noise map is used to calculate the noise level in each building and the field survey is performed to investigate annoyance response and non-noise factors. The three-dimensional city spatial model of noise map is obtained from city spatial information, which consists of digital elevation model and three-dimensional building ones, for finding the distribution of transportation noise in urban areas. The field survey is conducted to investigate the annoyance response of 693 households affected by of combined noise. Annoyance prediction models in three dominant areas of noise are made by the relationship between annoyance response rate and transportation noise level for the quantitative assessment to environmental noise standard of the combined noise. In this study, annoyance response rate to transportation noise level is compared to those by previous researches in European countries.

关键词： Surveys

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