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The comparison between the polyol process and the impregnation method for the preparation of CNT-supported nanoscale Cu catalyst

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Chemical engineering Journal 2009年第3期145卷 461-467页

作者： Lu, Chi-Yuan Tseng, Hui-Hsin Wey, Ming-Yen Hsueh, Ting-Wei Department of Public Health Chung Shan Medical University Taichung 402 Taiwan Department of Occupational Safety and Health Graduate Program Chung Shan Medical University Taichung 402 Taiwan Department of Environmental Engineering National Chung-Hsing University Taichung 402 Taiwan

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are relatively potential materials for catalyst supports. CNT-supported Cu catalysts were prepared by an impregnation method and a polyol process. The catalytic activity was examined under different reaction atmospheres, Cu contents, and sizes of supports for CO oxidation. The experimental results showed that the active phase on the catalyst prepared by the impregnation method (10-20 nm) was smaller than that on the catalyst prepared by the polyol process (30-50 nm). Furthermore, the smaller active phase showed better performance for CO oxidation. Therefore, catalysts prepared by the impregnation method had a lower activation energy (57.47 kJ mol-1) than those prepared by the polyol process. The optimum CNT-supported Cu catalyst prepared by the impregnation method using 10-20 nm CNTs had a Cu content of 13.4 wt.%, and a CO conversion of 33% achieved at 125 °C with a total space velocity of 1.56 × 105 h-1. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes

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Effects of the ratio of Cu/Co and metal precursors on the catalytic activity over Cu-Co/Al2O3 prepared using the polyol process

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Materials Science and engineering: B 2009年第1-3期157卷 105-112页

作者： Lu, Chi-Yuan Tseng, Hui-Hsin Wey, Ming-Yen Liu, Ling-Yi Chuang, Kui-Hao Department of Public Health Chung Shan Medical University Taichung 402 Taiwan Department of Occupational Safety and Health Graduate Program Chung Shan Medical University Taichung 402 Taiwan Department of Environmental Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung 402 Taiwan

Cu-Co bimetallic catalysts were prepared using a simple polyol process. The effects of various metal precursors (nitrate, acetate, and chloride) and Cu/Co ratios on the activities of the catalysts were evaluated for toluene oxidation and NO reduction. The results indicated that the use of the metal precursor Cu-Co acetate in preparing the bimetallic catalysts resulted in good metal dispersion and high catalytic activity. When the atomic Cu/Co ratio was 0.21 in the Al2O3-supported catalyst, the dispersion of active sites was promoted by the Cu, and the catalytic activity was stable over the reaction time. CuO and Cu0 species and large particle sizes (20 nm) formed when the Co loading weight in the catalyst increased, and conversion decreased. When the reaction temperature was 300 °C, NO and toluene were able to be simultaneously removed with high conversion rates (83% and 98%). © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Catalyst activity

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Study on the annoyance assessment model in the area exposed by the combined noise due to road traffic and railway

Study on the annoyance assessment model in the area exposed ...

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38th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control engineering 2009, INTER-NOISE 2009

作者： Ko, Joon Hee Kim, Kyoung Min Chang, Seo Il Graduate Program BK21 Urban Environmental System Engineering University of Seoul Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-743 Korea Republic of Department of Environmental Engineering University of Seoul Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-743 Korea Republic of School of Environmental Engineering University of Seoul Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-743 Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9781615676903

This paper studies to establish the quantitative assessment model of combined noise in areas due to transportation source using the three-dimensional noise map and field survey. The three-dimensional noise map is used to calculate the noise level in each building and the field survey is performed to investigate annoyance response and non-noise factors. The three-dimensional city spatial model of noise map is obtained from city spatial information, which consists of digital elevation model and three-dimensional building ones, for finding the distribution of transportation noise in urban areas. The field survey is conducted to investigate the annoyance response of 693 households affected by of combined noise. Annoyance prediction models in three dominant areas of noise are made by the relationship between annoyance response rate and transportation noise level for the quantitative assessment to environmental noise standard of the combined noise. In this study, annoyance response rate to transportation noise level is compared to those by previous researches in European countries.

关键词： Surveys

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Determination of BTEX by GC-MS in air of offset printing plants: Comparison between conventional and ecological inks

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Water, Air, and Soil Pollution: Focus 2009年第3期9卷 163-169页

作者： Godoi, Ana F. L. Sawada, Eliza Y. de Marchi, Mary Rosa R. van Grieken, René Godoi, Ricardo H. M. Department of Environmental Engineering Federal University of Paraná Curitiba PR 81531-990 Brazil Graduate Program in Environmental Management Positivo University Curitiba PR 81280-330 Brazil Department of Analytical Chemistry São Paulo State University Araraquara SP 14800-900 Brazil Environmental Analysis Group University of Antwerp 2610 Antwerp Belgium

The use of inks containing organic solvents by the offset printing process implies in the release of volatile organic compounds to the work environment. Many of these compounds such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and the xylene isomers (well known by the acronym BTEX) are extremely toxic. In this study, the BTEX concentrations were determined in two different printing plants that use distinct types of inks: the conventional and the so-called ecological, which is manufactured based on vegetal oil. Concentration ranges were 43-84, 15-3,480, 2-133, 5-459, and 2-236 μg m^-3 for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m + p-xylene, and o-xylene, respectively, for the conventional printing plant. At the ecological printing plant, concentration ranges were below limit of detection (-3 for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m + p-xylene, and o-xylene, respectively. BTEX concentrations are lower at the ecological printing environment than in the conventional, where mineral oil-based inks are used. However, the worker who cleans the printing matrices is exposed to high concentrations of ethylbenzene and xylenes, due probably to the cleaning product's composition (containing high amounts of BTEX). Although the BTEX concentrations found in both printing work environments were below the limits considered by the Brazilian Law for Activities and Unhealthy Operations (NR-15), the exposure to such vapors characterizes risk to the workers' health for some of the evaluated samples, mainly the personal ones. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009.

关键词： BTEX Ecological ink Exposure Offset printing plants Workplace environment

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Evaluating the potential of CNT-supported Co catalyst used for gas pollution removal in the incineration flue gas

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Journal of environmental Management 2009年第5期90卷 1884-1892页

作者： Lu, Chi-Yuan Tseng, Hui-Hsin Wey, Ming-Yen Chuang, Kui-Hao Kuo, Jia-Hong Department of Public Health Chung Shan Medical University Taichung 402 Taiwan Department of Occupational Safety and Health Graduate Program Chung Shan Medical University Taichung 402 Taiwan Department of Environmental Engineering National Chung Hsing University 250 Kuo Kuang Road Taichung 402 Taiwan

This study investigated the use of Cu/Al2O3, Co/Al2O3, Fe/Al2O3, and Ni/Al2O3 catalysts for the growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). These CNTs were used as support for Co catalyst preparation and Co/CNT catalysts were applied to a catalytic reaction to remove BTEX, PAHs, SO2, NO, and CO simultaneously in a pilot-scale incineration system. The analyzed results of EDS and XRD showed low metal content and good dispersion characteristics of the Al2O3-supported catalysts by excess-solution impregnation. FESEM analyzed results showed that the CNTs that were synthesized from Co, Fe, and Ni catalysts had a diameter of 20 nm, whereas those synthesized from Cu/Al2O3 had a diameter of 50 nm. Pilot-scale test results demonstrated that the Co/CNT catalyst effectively removed air pollutants in the catalytic reaction and that there was no obvious deactivation by Pb, water vapor, and coke deposited in the process. The thermal stabilization at 250 °C and hydrophobicity properties of CNTs enhanced the application of CNT catalysts in flue gas. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes

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EMMC technology for treatment/reuse of dilute dairy wastewater

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Clean Technologies and environmental Policy 2009年 1-9页

作者： Lin, Rhoda Luo-Ting Irvine, Joshua Lelemia Kao, J. C. M. Yang, P. Y. Graduate Program in Bioengineering Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu USA Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering National Sun Yat-San University Kaohsiung Taiwan

A rural dairy farm located on the island of Oahu, Hawaii needed to upgrade current lagoon treatment system for further reuse as floor flushing and crop irrigation. This is a comprehensive bench scale and pilot plant study to evaluate the potential biological treatment and reuse systems. Systems evaluated include: (1) pre-existing lagoon system, (2) integrated anaerobic BIO-NEST/aerobic EMMC (entrapped mixed microbial cell) system, (3) aerobic EMMC reactor only system. Based upon a comprehensive economic evaluation and sensitivity analysis, the EMMC-only system achieved the best effluent quality for simultaneous removal of carbon and nitrogen. The pilot study of the EMMC-only reactor achieved an overall of 78% TCOD, 63% SCOD, 65% TN, and 96% soluble NH3-N removal efficiencies (HRT 12 h, continuous aeration). Implementing this system would cost about $0.25 a cow/day to remove a ton of organic TCOD ($88.10/cow/year). The information presented provides a model for animal producers to consider in evaluating alternatives to upgrade existing waste management facilities.

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Sustainability appraisal of used vehicle trade policy options in sub-Saharan African countries

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environmentalist 2009年第4期29卷 360-370页

作者： Kehbila, Anderson Gwanyebit Ertel, Jürgen Brent, Alan Colin Environmental and Resource Management PhD Program Department of Industrial Sustainability Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus Germany Department of Industrial Sustainability Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus Germany Chair of Life Cycle Engineering Graduate School of Technology Management University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa

This paper examines the structure of contemporary vehicle mitigation commitments after lead gasoline phase out in sub-Sahara Africa. First, this paper reviews some of the leading domestic trade policy proposals (emission reduction actions) with regard to their expected technology impacts. Next, it assesses the options based on establishing benchmarks for measuring policy performance in curbing vehicle emissions simultaneously with core sustainable development priorities. Assessing these options identifies the key variables in designing mitigation commitments, offers criteria for evaluating different approaches and discusses the implications of the leading alternatives. This paper argues that a more pronounced dilemma of synergies exists between vehicle emissions reduction and core development concerns as the major players target emissions too narrowly. Finally, this paper sheds more light on strategies that could be employed simultaneously at the regional and domestic levels to enhance sustainable development as trade continues to grow and evolve. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2008.

关键词： Clean air initiative Criteria analysis Sub-Sahara Africa Sustainability appraisal Trade policy Vehicle emissions

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Simulation of multilayer shallow water fluid flow using lattice boltzmann modeling and high performance computing

Simulation of multilayer shallow water fluid flow using latt...

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World environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers

作者： Tubbs, K.R. Tsai, F.T.-C. Donald W. Clayton Graduate Program in Engineering Science Louisiana State University 351 Johnston Hall Baton Rouge LA 70803 United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Louisiana State University 3418G Patrick F. Taylor Hall Baton Rouge LA 70803-6405 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780784410363

A lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) on high performance computing (HPC) environments for three-dimensional shallow water flow fields is developed. Recently, the LBM has become an attractive numerical method to solve various fluid dynamics phenomena. However, LBM has not been extensively applied to shallow water equations. The shallow water equations have wide applications in ocean and hydraulic engineering which can benefit from the advantages of the LBM. The standard LBM for two dimensional shallow water flows is extended to three dimensional flows by solving the multilayer shallow water equations. LBM is an attractive method for solving the multilayered shallow water equations because the extension to a multilayer formulation is straight forward and all simplicities and advantages of the LBM are retained. The performance of the LBM for the multilayer shallow water equations is investigated and optimized in HPC environments. We numerically demonstrate the applicability of the LBM in three dimensional shallow water flows and the LBM performance using OpenMP. © 2009 ASCE.

关键词： Multilayers

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Hierarchical kinetic simulation for autocatalytic decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide at low temperatures

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Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 2009年第3期96卷 751-758页

作者： Chen, Jiann-Rong Cheng, Shyh-Yuch Yuan, Min-Hao Kossoy, Arcady A. Shu, Chi-Min General Education Hsiuping Institute of Technology 11 Gong-Ye Road Dali Taichung County 41280 Taiwan Doctoral Program Graduate School of Engineering Science and Technology National Yunlin University of Science and Technology 123 University Road Sec. 3 Douliou Yunlin 64002 Taiwan Department of Occupational Safety and Hygiene Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science 60 Erh-Jen Road Sec.1 Jente Tainan 71710 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering National Taiwan University 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan Ltd 14 Dobrolubov Ave St. Petersburg 197198 Russia

A hierarchical set of kinetic models were proposed and discussed for simulation of autocatalytic decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) in cumene at low temperatures. The hierarchy leads from a formal model of full autocatalysis, which is based on conversion degree as a state variable, through a two-stage autocatalytic concentration-based model to a meticulous multi-stage model of the reaction. By the ForK (Formal Kinetics) and DesK (Descriptive Kinetics) software, developed by ChemInform Saint Petersburg (CISP) Ltd., the related kinetic parameters and their significance have also been estimated and elucidated. Through this best-fit approach, it is possible to formulate a systematic methodology on the kinetic studies for thermal decomposition of typical organic peroxides with autocatalytic nature, specifically at low temperature ranges. © 2009 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.

关键词： Kinetic parameters

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Thermal runaway evaluation of α-methylstyrene and trans-β-methylstyrene with benzaldehyde

Thermal runaway evaluation of α-methylstyrene and trans-β-...

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作者： Lin, S.-Y. Tseng, J.-M. Lee, M.-K. Wu, T.-C. Shu, C.-M. Doctoral Program Graduate School of Engineering Science and Technology National Yunlin University of Science and Technology 123 University Rd. Douliou Yunlin 64002 Taiwan Department of Occupational Safety and Health Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science 60 Er-Jen Rd. Jen-Te Tainan 71710 Taiwan Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering HungKuang University 34 Chung-Chie Rd. ShaLu Taichung 43302 Taiwan

Styrene is an important chemical in the petrochemical industry. In recent years, there have been sporadic releases, runaway reactions, fires, and thermal explosion accidents incurred by styrene and its derivatives worldwide. The purpose of this study was to estimate the impact of styrene and its derivatives of α-methylstyrene (AMS) and trans-β-methylstyrene (TBMS) contacting with benzaldehyde. Experiments were carried out to evaluate the thermokinetic parameters estimated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal activity monitor III (TAM III). TAM III was used to determine the fundamental thermokinetics under various isothermal temperatures, 80, 90 and 100C. This autocatalytic reaction was demonstrated in thermal curves. After styrene was contacted with benzaldehyde, the exothermic onset temperature (T 0) and the total heat of reaction (Q total) were altered by DSC tests. When benzaldehyde is mixed with AMS and TBMS, the reaction time will be shorter but the enthalpy reduced, as revealed by TAM III tests. As AMS and TBMS, respectively, were contacted with benzaldehyde, both exothermic phenomena were changed during the reaction excursion. According to the results of this research, an operator should dictate the oxygen concentration in order to avoid any potential hazards during handling and transportation. © 2009 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest.

关键词： Differential scanning calorimetry

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