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18th World environmental and Water Resources Congress 2018: Watershed Management, Irrigation and Drainage, and Water Resources Planning and Management

作者： Hernández, Luis Carlos Hernández Reis, Dirceu Silveira Environmental Technology and Water Resources Graduate Program Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering Univ. of Brasilia Brasília Brazil Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering Univ. of Brasilia Brasília Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9780784481400

ISBN: (纸本)9780784481400

This study explores the use of non-homogeneous hidden Markov models (NHMMs) to forecast streamflows into the Orós Reservoir, located in the State of Ceará, Northeastern Brazil. These models employ hydro-climatic information from a given year to predict the next year inflow. The Orós Reservoir is a key infrastructure in the water resources system of the state, where most rivers present very high temporal variability, which is a challenge for water managers. Streamflow forecast systems at the climate scale (months ahead) can be very useful for the challenging process of water allocation in the region. This paper explores the use of NHMMs to provide a probabilistic one-year ahead forecast of the mean annual flow for the Orós Reservoir. Results based on a forecast verification study based on 60 years of independent data show that NHMMs with two or three hidden states, employing the NINO3 climate index as exogenous variable, provides forecasts with an average value of the continuous ranked probability skill score of about 0.2-0.25, meaning that they are better than climatology. It is also evident that those models performed much better during dry years than during wet years, which may be related to lack of other climate indices. © 2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.

关键词： Hidden Markov models

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Evaluation of potential integration of entrapped mixed microbial cell and membrane bioreactor processes for biological wastewater treatment/reuse

Evaluation of potential integration of entrapped mixed micro...

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作者： Zhu, Jia Lin, C.F. Kao, J.C.M. Yang, P.Y. Graduate Program in Bioengineering Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu HI 96822 United States Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung Taiwan Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan

The challenge of biological wastewater treatment process is the design and operation of effective retention of mixed microbial cells within the reactor. Entrapped mixed microbial cell (EMMC) technology is designed to entrap the mixed microbial cells in polymeric carriers;membrane bioreactor (MBR) process utilizes membrane sheets/fibers to effectively retain the biomass in the reactor. These two biotechnologies are considered potential alternatives for conventional biological treatment/reuse because of their capability of retaining high concentration of biomass in the reactor, or in other words increasing the solid retention time (SRT). The simultaneous removal of organics and nitrogen were investigated using a modified EMMC system design. The modified EMMC system demonstrated higher organic and nitrogen removal performance due to high SRT. Compared to single-stage MBR process operated at similar conditions, the modified EMMC system was able to achieve slightly lower organic removal, comparable nitrification, and higher total nitrogen removal. One limitation in applying an EMMC only treatment process regime for potential reuse of treated wastewater is that such an operation requires the removal of pathogens and large particles if disinfection and solid/liquid separation were not followed. The major challenge of MBR process to overcome is membrane fouling, and the high energy consumption associated with fouling control. The intrinsic features of EMMC process including high SRT, low, and stabilized effluent suspended biomass concentration may significantly reduce the chance and extent of membrane fouling;while the membrane filtration can further polish the effluent quality from EMMC process. Therefore, integrating MBR and EMMC is strongly recommended because it may be a "break-through" for solving the membrane fouling problem and in improving effluent quality for potential reuse. © 2009 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Wastewater treatment

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A cross-sectional study on gut microbiota and inflammation in patients with chronic kidney disease

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The American journal of the medical sciences 2025年

作者： Bruna R Paiva Júnia Schultz Fluvio Modolon Jessyca S de Brito Julie A Kemp Marcia Ribeiro Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves Lia S Nakao Drielly Vargas Beatriz G Baptista Larissa Fonseca Livia Alvarenga Intikhab Alam Roberto Incitti Alexandre Soares Rosado Ludmila F M F Cardozo Denise Mafra Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences Fluminense Federal University (UFF) Niterói RJ Brazil. Bioscience Program Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Makkah 23955 Saudi Arabia. Oceanographic Institute University of São Paulo São Paulo SP Brazil. Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil. Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences Fluminense Federal University (UFF) Niterói RJ Brazil. HIV/AIDS Clinical Research Center National Institute of Infectology Evandro Chagas (INI/Fiocruz) Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil. Department of Basic Pathology Federal University of Paraná Curitiba PR Brazil. Graduate Program in Medical Sciences Fluminense Federal University (UFF) Niterói RJ Brazil. Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil Computational Bioscience Research Center Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Makkah 23955 Saudi Arabia. Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences Fluminense Federal University (UFF) Niterói RJ Brazil Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences Fluminense Federal University (UFF) Niterói RJ Brazil Graduate Program in Medical Sciences Fluminense Federal University (UFF) Niterói RJ Brazil. Electronic address: dmafra30@***.

BACKGROUND:This study investigated the inflammatory and gut microbiota profile in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD). METHODS:A total of 249 patients undergoing HD and 61 patients on PD participated in the study. The mRNA expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (NRF2), nuclear factor-κappa B (NF-κB), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by quantitative real-time PCR. Malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and routine biochemical parameters were also analyzed. The fecal DNA extraction was performed, and the V4 regions of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene were sequenced. Uremic toxins such as p-cresyl sulfate (p-CS), indoxyl sulfate (IS), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) plasma levels were determined by HPLC. RESULTS:MDA, IS, and p-CS levels were lower in PD than in HD patients. The mRNA expression of the transcription factors was not different between groups. Gut microbial α-diversity indices showed no significant difference between groups, but the β-diversity was different in PD patients. Members of the genera Meditarraneibacter, Roseburia, Agathobacter, Anaerobutyricum, Collinsella, Streptococcus, Clostridium, and Bacteroides, as well as the families Lachnospiraceae and Enterobacteriaceae, appear to be positively correlated with most dietary factors, particularly lipid and phosphorus intake. CONCLUSION:Our findings indicate that in patients with CKD on HD, there is increased plasma retention of uremic toxins and reduced gut microbial diversity compared to PD patients.

关键词： chronic kidney disease gut microbiota inflammation mitochondrial dysfunction oxidative stress

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Solid waste management in the paper industry 5

Solid waste management in the paper industry

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5th International Conference on Energy, environmental and Information System, ICENIS 2020

作者： Devichi Wibowo, Isabella Purwanto, P. Suherman, S. Master Program of Environmental Science Post-Graduate Studies Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia

The industry developed rapidly since the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century. The side effect of industrial development was a large amount of non-hazardous waste and hazardous waste. All of this waste must be managed properly so that environmental sustainability is maintained and does not cause harm or problems to the community. A review will be conducted from various research journals in various countries and the types of waste also vary, namely plastic, pulp and paper industry waste, and other solid waste. A comparison of solid waste management will be carried on to reduce the generation of waste in the environment. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2020.

关键词： Solid wastes

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The Effect of Air Cavity on Water Resistance of a High-Speed Ferry with a Several-Stepped Hull 33rd

The Effect of Air Cavity on Water Resistance of a High-Speed...

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33rd International Ocean and Polar engineering Conference, ISOPE 2023

作者： Anggriani, Andi Dian Eka Mutsuda, Hidemi Nakashima, Takuji Ardianti, Andi Baso, Suandar Transportation and Environmental System Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima-shi Higashihiroshima Japan Transportation and Environmental Systems Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima-shi Higashihiroshima Japan Naval Architecture Study Program Hasanuddin University South Sulawesi Gowa Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9781880653807

A planing hull high-speed ferry with a stepped hull becomes a well-liked mode of water transportation for archipelago countries. On the other hand, the shape of steps on the bottom hull has not been recently taken into explicit consideration regarding the speed requirement and hydrodynamic properties. In this study, the step W shapes, were adopted to find the improved hydrodynamic performance in the planing conditions. To provide a more precise prediction of the pressure, velocity fields, and void fraction, the CFD was applied the Finite Volume Method (FVM) and coupled with Volume of Fluid Method (VOF) to capture air cavity The numerical conditions of the planing hull were trimmed by the stern with 2, and 3 degrees. This study discussed the air cavity that occurred behind the stepped area that can affect the hydrodynamic behaviour. © 2023 by the International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE).

关键词： Finite volume method

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Follow-up of environmental impacts upon water sources of São Carlos, Brazil 14

Follow-up of environmental impacts upon water sources of Sã...

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14th International Conference on Computers in Urban Planning and Urban Management, CUPUM 2015

作者： Costa, Carlos Wilmer Dupas, Francisco Antônio Lorandi, Reinaldo Oliveira, Erica Zanardo Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences Environmental Sciences Department Federal University of São Carlos São Carlos São Paulo Brazil Graduate Program in Energy Natural Resources of Institute Federal University of Itajubá Minas Gerais Brazil Graduate Program in Urban Engineering Civil Engineering Department Federal University of São Carlos São Carlos São Paulo Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9780692474341

An understanding of the interrelationship between the characteristics of natural and manmade environments is essential to avoid heavy economic and social burdens on society resulting from environmental deterioration. Irreversible human changes can be avoided using land use models, which can examine the impacts of alternative land use regulations and future urbanization on the environment Much of the population of mediumsized Brazilian cities is concentrated in densely populated urban areas. In this context, the use of Geographical Information Systems have a great value for land management, allowing the diagnosis and characterization of the areas that have suffered the consequences of land use for urban development and helping in the proposition of alternatives to minimize the generated impacts. In this paper, a simple spatially explicit model was used to explore potential areas for urban expansion in São Carlos city, Brazil. Orbital images of the satellite ALOS sensor AVNIR-2 were used to diagnose the urban area of the city and a comparison is made with the Master Plan. This way, Municipal Zone Management, urban sprawl, topography, geology, hydrography, pedology, infrastructure and land use were analyzed in an integrated way, each of them serving as the "background" to the other. This analysis has drawn criticisms and considerations for further alternatives. Another approach of interest refers to the expansion of the urban sprawl on the watershed of Feijão Rivers. The basin is the main source of surface water supply to the city of São Carlos, and is an important recharge area of the Guarani Aquifer System (GAS), therefore, they shall be preserved to serve as future water reserves.

关键词： Land use

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Corrigendum to “Assessing the willingness of residential electricity consumers to adopt demand side management and distributed energy resources: A case study on the Japanese market” [Energy Pol. (137) 111169]

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Energy Policy 2025年 198卷

作者： Nikolaos Iliopoulos Miguel Esteban Shogo Kudo Graduate Program in Sustainability Science – Global Leadership Initiative Building of Environmental Studies The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha Kashiwa City Chiba 277-8563 Japan Research Institute of Sustainable Future Society Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering 60-106 3-4-1 Okubo Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan Waseda University Japan

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Monitoring and assessing the effects of land use/land cover on water quality of Tonle Sap Lake, Cambodia, by spatial data analysis and remote sensing approach

Monitoring and assessing the effects of land use/land cover ...

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28th Asian Conference on Remote Sensing 2007, ACRS 2007

作者： Ros, Sobonn Paringit, Enrico C. Nadaoka, Kazuo Environmental Engineeering Graduate Program University of the Philippines Diliman Philippines Department of Geodetic Engineering University of the Philippines Diliman Philippines Department of Mechanical and Environmental Informatics Tokyo Institute of Technology Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781615673650

One of the major concerns in environmental studies is understanding the factors and processes that control and affect water quality. This study aimed to examine the causal relationship between land use/land cover and water quality in Tonle Sap Lake, one of the largest fresh water lakes in Southeast Asia and also to monitor the spatial distribution of water quality in the scale of the lake basin. The approach combines spatial data analysis using Geographic Information System (GIS) and statistics to establish the strength of relationship between land use/land cover derived from classifying Landsat data and water-quality within Tonle Sap subcatchments. These analyses produced indicators (Kendall's tau) showing the strength of correlation between percentages of land use/land cover type as predictor variable and median of water quality parameters as response variable. The retrieval of optically active constituents from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrophotometer (MODIS) was done using bio-optical algorithm applied in turbid inland waters based on the parameterization of the inherent optical properties - absorption and backscattering to come up with the modeled reflectance spectra, which was later, used in an inversion model to obtain the estimated concentration map of Total Suspended Sediments (TSS) and Chlorophyll-a from remote sensing reflectance of the multispectral images. Rank correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis results reveal the statistical relationships between agriculture lands, grasslands, forest covers and population density with TN, PO4P, NO3 and TSS. The results from remote sensing analysis exhibit quite appreciable variation in spatial distribution of water quality which helps identify the spatial aspects of the lake ecosystem more clearly and cost-effectively than point measurements.

关键词： Water quality

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Low-Temperature Methanolysis of Polycarbonate over Solid Base Sodium Aluminate

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Langmuir 2024年第10期40卷 5338-5347页

作者： Krisbiantoro, Philip Anggo Sato, Miyu Lin, Tzu-Ming Chang, Yu-Chia Peng, Tzu-Yun Wu, Yun-Chih Liao, Weisheng Kamiya, Yuichi Otomo, Ryoichi Wu, Kevin C.-W. Molecular Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering College of Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Graduate School of Environmental Science Hokkaido University Nishi 5 Kita 10 Sapporo060-0810 Japan Faculty of Environmental Earth Science Hokkaido University Nishi 5 Kita 10 Sapporo060-0810 Japan Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Yuan Ze University Taoyuan320 Taiwan

Herein, a low-cost and readily available sodium aluminate (NaAlO2) was used as a solid base catalyst for the depolymerization of polycarbonate (PC) via methanolysis in the presence of tetrahydrofuran (THF) as a solvent. NaAlO2 was highly active for the reaction, and the performance was comparable to that of soluble strong base SrO and much higher than those of MgO and CaO. By the reaction over the catalyst, a highly pure and crystalline bisphenol A (BPA) was obtained. Among tested organic solvents, THF was the best in aiding PC methanolysis over NaAlO2 due to the polarity similar to PC according to Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs). At 60 °C, 98.1% PC conversion and 96.8% BPA yield were achieved within just 2 h. NaAlO2 was reusable without any severe catalyst deactivation in at least four runs. The mechanistic study revealed that the reaction proceeded via the methoxide pathway, with THF aiding the dissolution of PC. The reaction over NaAlO2 possessed a low apparent activation energy (Ea) of 75.1 kJ mol-1, which is the lowest ever reported so far for the reaction over solid catalysts. © 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.

关键词： Sodium Aluminate

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Modeling microbial growth in carpet dust at varying relative humidity levels using the ⇜time-of-wetness⇝ model 15

Modeling microbial growth in carpet dust at varying relative...

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15th Conference of the International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate, INDOOR AIR 2018

作者： Haines, Sarah Dannemiller, Karen C. Environmental Science Graduate Program Ohio State University United States Department of Civil Environmental and Geodetic Engineering College of Engineering Ohio State University United States Department of Environmental Health Sciences College of Public Health Ohio State University United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781713826514

Microbial growth may occur in carpet dust when exposed to elevated moisture levels, but it is unknown how diurnal variations in equilibrium relative humidity (ERH) affect this growth. Our goal is to apply the "time-of-wetness" (TOW) concept from fungal growth on drywall to model fungal growth in carpet. Used carpet samples were embedded with dust, placed in an experimental chamber and then the ERH within the chambers was varied from 50% to either 85% or 100% for a period of 0, 6, 12, 18, or 24 hours per day over a two-week period. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) measurements of fungi revealed that for the 85% and 100% samples, growth could be modeled with the standard TOW and activation limited growth curve. These measurements demonstrated that the relative growth rate fit the TOW model with the Pearson Correlation Coefficients of 0.958 for 100% TOW and 0.898 for 85% TOW. DNA sequencing revealed increased abundance of species in the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium, among others, at increased moisture. Ultimately, this data can be used to accurately model fungal growth in housing based on moisture and can be utilized in future public health, policy, and epidemiological models. © 2018 15th Conference of the International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate, INDOOR AIR 2018. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fungi

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