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Spatiotemporal dynamics of ecosystem fires and biomass burning-induced carbon emissions in China over the past two decades

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Geography and Sustainability 2020年第1期1卷 47-58页

作者： Anping Chen Rongyun Tang Jiafu Mao Chao Yue Xiran Li Mengdi Gao Xiaoying Shi Mingzhou Jin Daniel Ricciuto Sam Rabin Phillippe Ciais Shilong Piao Department of Biology Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Northwest Agriculture&Forestry UniversityYanglingShanxi 712100China College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Central China Normal UniversityWuhanHubei 430079China Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Atmospheric Environmental Research(IMK-IFU) Institute of Meteorology and Climate ResearchKarlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Kreuzeckbahnstraße 19Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467Germany LSCE UMR CEA-CNRSBat.709CEL’Orme des MerisiersGif-sur-Yvette 91191France

Fire is a major type of disturbance that has important influences on ecosystem dynamics and carbon *** our understanding of ecosystem fires and their carbon cycle consequences is still limited,largely due to the difficulty of large-scale fire monitoring and the complex interactions between fire,vegetation,climate,and anthropogenic ***,using data from satellite-derived fire observations and ecosystem model simulations,we performed a comprehensive investigation of the spatial and temporal dynamics of China’s ecosystem fire disturbances and their carbon emissions over the past two decades(1997–2016).Satellite-derived results showed that on average about 3.47-4.53×10^(4) km^(2) of the land was burned annually during the past two decades,among which annual burned forest area was about 0.81-1.25×10^(4) km^(2),accounting for 0.33-0.51%of the forest area in *** burning emitted about 23.02 TgC per *** to satellite products,simulations from the Energy Exascale Earth system Land Model(ELM)strongly overestimated China’s burned area and fire-induced carbon *** burned area and fire-induced carbon emissions were high for boreal forest in Northeast China’s Daxing’anling region and subtropical dry forest in South Yunnan,as revealed by both the satellite product and the model *** results suggest that climate and anthropogenic factors play critical roles in controlling the spatial and seasonal distribution of China’s ecosystem fire *** findings highlight the importance of multiple complementary approaches in assessing ecosystem fire disturbance and its carbon *** studies are required to improve the methods of observing and modelling China’s ecosystem fire disturbances,which will provide valuable information for fire management and ecosystem sustainability in an era when both human activities and the natural environment are rapidly changing.

关键词： Fire emission Burned area Fire models China

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The exhumation history of the middle Hsuehshan Range, Taiwan, as revealed by zircon thermochronological modeling

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Tectonophysics 2023年第1期860卷

作者： Shyu, Chase J. Tan, Eh Kirstein, Linda A. Stuart, Finlay M. Chen, Yue-Gau Earth System Science Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taiwan Institute of Earth Sciences Academia Sinica Taiwan Department of Earth Sciences National Central University Taiwan School of GeoSciences University of Edinburgh EH9 3FE United Kingdom Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre G75 0QF United Kingdom Research Center for Environmental Changes Academia Sinica Taiwan Department of Geosciences National Taiwan University Taiwan

The Taiwan orogenic belt has high precipitation and high exhumation rates (3–6 km/Myr), making it a natural laboratory for understanding how erosion, tectonics, and climate interact. Understanding how rock exhumation rates have evolved since the late Miocene is key to unraveling climate–tectonic interactions. In this study, we present 8 new zircon fission track (ZFT) and (U–Th)/He (ZHe) cooling ages (including 2 unreset ages) from 5 samples from 1700 to over 3300 m elevation around the highly incised Dajia River in the core of the Hsuehshan Range (termed the mid-HR in this study) in central Taiwan. Two of the ZFT and ZHe ages (5.3 Ma and 2.6 Ma) are the oldest ages recorded in this region. These ages suggest that the cooling rate of the mid-HR is lower than that of the Backbone Range and Yushan. With these and previously published cooling ages, we modeled the exhumation and cooling history using a 2-D thermal diffusion equation with time-varying erosion. The ZFT and ZHe ages are best explained by a steadily increasing exhumation rate up to 3.4 + 0.5/−0.3 km/Myr from 7 to 1 Ma. The exhumation rate in the last million years is not as well constrained but appears to have increased at a slower rate. Our findings differ from those of previous studies that propose that the exhumation rate increased rapidly in the last 1–2 Myr. We propose that the steady increase in the exhumation rate in the mid-HR indicates increasing topographic relief, which is likely caused by progressive crustal thickening. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Tectonics

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Spatiotemporal changes in land cover land use in protected areas of Serra da Mantiqueira, Southeastern Brazil

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environmental Challenges 2021年 4卷

作者： da Silva, Ismael Aparecido Dupas, Francisco Antonio Costa, Carlos Wilmer Medeiros, Grasiela de Oliveira Rodrigues de Souza, Alessandra Ribeiro Graduate Program in Energy Engineering Federal University of Itajubá Itajubá Minas Gerais Brazil Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences Federal University of São Carlos São Paulo Brazil Department of Civil Engineering Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil Earth System Science Center National Institute of Spacial Research São José dos Campos São Paulo Brazil

An assessment of the dynamics of land cover and use in and around a Protected Area (PA) located in the Área de Preservação Ambiental da Serra da Mantiqueira (APASM;Mantiqueira Mountain Range environmental Protection Area) and Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (PNI;Itatiaia National Park) has been developed. This PA is part of the Brazilian Mata Atlântica (MA;Atlantic Forest) biome, which is of great importance in providing water resources and in biodiversity maintenance since it is one of the largest and most populated urban centers in Brazil. In two contiguous drainage basins, with an area of 24,757.65 hectares (ha), proposals have been sought that lead to monitoring of forests pressured by anthropic actions that have as an inductor vehicle the roads built around the PA. Results obtained by Remote Sensing (RS) data show that pasture areas have grown 43% between 1985 and 2005 and forest areas have declined 20% in the same period. However, between 2005 and 2017, there was a 22% decline in pasture area and rehabilitation in forest areas by 26%. Urban spots have steadily grown by nearly 120% between 1985 and 2017. In a Geographic Information system (GIS) environment and using multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) with a weighted sum to environmental attributes of roads and urban spots, it has also been verified that 85% of the study area is under high or very high pressure, which can jeopardize the maintenance of biodiversity and water resources in the region due to population increase induced by secondary roads and their paving, which moves towards the PNI limits. © 2021

关键词： Atlantic forest GIS National park Park road Remote sensing Territorial dynamics

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Association of postnatal exposure to mixture of bisphenol A, Di-n-butyl phthalate and Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate with Children's IQ at 5 Years of age: Mothers and Children's environmental health (MOCEH) study

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Chemosphere 2024年 347卷 140626页

作者： Ham, Dajeong Ha, Mina Park, Hyesook Hong, Yun-Chul Kim, Yangho Ha, Eunhee Bae, Sanghyuk Department of Preventive Medicine College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Preventive Medicine College of Medicine Dankook University Cheonan Korea Republic of Department of Preventive Medicine College of Medicine Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Preventive Medicine College of Medicine Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine University of Ulsan College of Medicine Ulsan Korea Republic of Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine College of Medicine Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea Republic of Environmental Health Center College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Korea Republic of

Early childhood is important for neurodevelopment, and exposure to endocrine disruptors such as bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates in this period may cause neurodevelopmental disorders and delays. The present study examined the association between exposure to mixtures of BPA and three metabolites of phthalates in early childhood and IQ at 5 years of age. The Mother and Children's environmental Health (MOCEH) study is a prospective birth cohort study conducted in Korea with 1751 pregnant women enrolled from 2006 to 2010. After excluding those without relevant data, 47 children were included in the final analysis. We measured children's urinary concentrations of metabolites of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (Bisphenol A, mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate, mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate and mono-(2-ethyl-5-butyl) phthalate) at ages of 24 and 36 months. We evaluated the children's IQ with the Korean Wechsler Intelligence Test at the age of 5 years. After adjusting for potential confounders, a multiple linear regression was conducted to examine the associations between individual endocrine-disrupting chemicals and the IQ of the children. Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression and quantile-based g-computation were used to assess the association between IQ at age 5 and exposure to mixtures of BPA and phthalates. In the single-chemical analyses, mono-(2-ethyl-5-butyl) phthalate exposure at 36 months was adversely associated with children's IQ (β = −4.93, 95% confidence interval (CI): -9.22, −0.64). In the WQS regression and quantile-based g-computation analyses, exposure to the mixture of BPA and phthalates was associated with lower IQ [β = −9.13 (P-value = 0.05) and β = −9.18 (P-value = 0.05), respectively]. The largest contributor to the overall association was exposure to mono-(2-ethyl-5-butyl) phthalate at 36 months. In the present study, postnatal exposure to mixtures of BPA and three metabolites of phthalates was associated with decreased IQ of children at ag

关键词： Metabolites

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Association of paternal cadmium and other heavy metal exposure to birth outcomes using propensity score matching.

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Chemosphere 2023年第Pt 1期311卷 136792页

作者： Lee, Yu Min Kim, Yangho Park, Hyesook Hong, Yun-Chul Ha, Mina Kim, Young Ju Ha, Eun Hee Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Severance Hospital Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Ulsan University Hospital University of Ulsan College of Medicine Ulsan Korea Republic of Department of Preventive Medicine College of Medicine Ewha Medical Research Center Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea Republic of Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering Ewha Womans University Korea Republic of Department of Preventive Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Preventive Medicine College of Medicine Dankook University Cheonan Korea Republic of Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology College of Medicine Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Environmental Medicine College of Medicine Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea Republic of

Background: Human exposure to cadmium has various effects on health, especially on male reproductive organs. Although it is widely known that prenatal maternal cadmium exposure can affect birth outcomes, the effect of paternal exposure to cadmium remains unclear. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of paternal cadmium exposure on fetal growth by considering maternal cadmium exposure and exposure to other heavy metals, namely mercury and lead. Methods: The Mothers and Children's environmental Health (MOCEH) study is a prospective birth cohort study in Korea. Overall, 1313 families (father-mother-child triple) without child abnormalities and who completed paternal whole blood cadmium assessments were included in this study. Families were divided into two subgroups based on the blood sampling periods, namely early and late pregnancy. Subjects were selected as follows: one family triple with a high level of paternal cadmium and two triples with low levels of paternal cadmium, using the method of propensity score matching. And linear regression analyses were performed. Results: The group with high paternal cadmium exposure (80% or more;1.93 μg/L) had lower birth weight infants compared to the group with low cadmium concentrations (β(se) = −0.21(0.10);p-value = 0.0283). After stratification by infant sex, prenatal paternal cadmium exposure significantly reduced the birth weight of females in subgroups of different sampling times, namely early pregnancy (β(se) = −0.52 (0.22);p-value = 0.0170) and late pregnancy (β(se) = −0.43 (0.18);p-value = 0.0160). Finally, after performing propensity score matching in the early pregnancy measurement group, it was found that the prenatal exposure of father to cadmium significantly reduced birth weight in females (β(se) = −0.72(0.25);p-value = 0.0047). Conclusion: This study assessed the effect of paternal cadmium exposure on birth outcomes in family units consisting of a father, mother, and child. Prenatal paternal cadmi

关键词： Cadmium

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泰国北部三叠系Lampang群DoiLong组的有孔虫组合与沉积环境(英文)

泰国北部三叠系Lampang群DoiLong组的有孔虫组合与沉积环境(英文)

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国际地学计划IGCP-589项目“亚洲特提斯域的演化：成因，过程和结果”第一次国际学术研讨会

作者： Akira MIYAHIGASHI Katsumi UENO Thasinee CHAROENTITIRAT Yoshihito KAMATA Doctoral program in Earth System Science Graduate School of ScienceFukuoka UniversityFukuoka 814-0180Japan Department of Earth System Science Faculty of ScienceFukuoka UniversityFukuoka 814-0180Japan Department of Geology Faculty of ScienceChulalongkorn UniversityBangkok 10330Thailand Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science University of TsukubaTsukuba 305-8572Japan

A rich foraminiferal assemblage,consisting of abundant Aulotortus sinuosus and *** in association with Lamelliconus multispirus,Endoteba ex ***,*** ***,Endotebanella kocaeliensis,Endotriada tyrrhenica,Endotriadella wirzi,Malayspirina fontainei,Ammobaculites rhaeticus,Diplotremina astrofimbriata,Agathammina austroalpina,and others,was found in the Doi Long Formation of the Triassic Lampang Group,Northern *** foraminifers suggest that the formation is referable to the Carnian (early Late Triassic),which is consistent with the age estimated by *** microfacies,peloidal grainstone,bioclastic grainstone,sponge-microbial boundstone,and oolitic grainstone were recognized in the Doi Long *** on microfacies,three depositional facies,the lagoon facies,reef facies,and shoal facies,are recognized in this *** lines of evidence are suggestive that the Doi Long Formation was deposited in a reef or bank setting rather than a ramp setting.

关键词： Carnian Doi Long Formation Lampang Group foraminifers Sukhothai Zone Northern Thailand

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Effect of Nitryl Chloride Chemistry on Air Quality in South Korea During the Korus-Aq Campaign

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Kim, Hyeonmin Park, Rokjin J. Kim, Saewung Jeong, Jaein I. Jeong, Daun Fu, Xiao Cho, Seogju School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Earth System Science University of California Irvine IrvineCA United States Advanced study Program National Center for Atmospheric Research BoulderCO United States Institute of Environment and Ecology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen518055 China Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment Gyeonggi-do Korea Republic of

Nitryl chloride (ClNO2) can play an important role in determining ozone and particulate matter (PM) chemistry as a nighttime reservoir of NOX and a source of chlorine radical (Cl•) in the daytime in polluted environments. We present a quantitative evaluation of the impact of tropospheric ClNO2 chemistry on air quality in South Korea using extensive observations during the Korea-United States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) field study and a 3-D chemical transport model (CTM). We first estimated anthropogenic emissions of reactive chlorine in South Korea to implement it along with the latest Chinese emissions in the model. A comparison between the simulated and observed ClNO2 concentrations during the KORUS-AQ campaign shows that the model captures the observed spatial and temporal variations, including local and transboundary transport of ClNO2 and its precursors. The model simulation highlights that ClNO2 plays a significant role in nighttime NOX chemistry by efficiently converting NO to NO2. In addition, it causes a noticeable acceleration of the NOX-O3 cycle. When averaged over the campaign, adding ClNO2 chemistry into the model leads to an increase of O3 (1.1%), NOX (3.1%), OH (2.0%), HO2 (0.8%), and Cl• (507.8%) and a decrease of TNO3 (HNO3 + aerosol nitrate, 1.7%). © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nitrogen oxides

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THE IN-TANK OIL-WATER SEPARATOR

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1986年第3期98卷 209-215页

作者： WILLNER, NB DAIGNEAULT, KD Norman B. Willnerhas been employed by the Naval Sea System Command (NA VSEA) for the past five years as a program manager in the Oil Pollution Abatement Branch. His responsibilities include the design development and installation of shipboard systems to control oily waste. He is also the task leader for environmental pollution control systems for the AOE-6 and YFRT ship designs. After attending the University of Maryland Mr. Willner worked as an engineer for the National Bureau of Standards General Services Administration and the U. S. Forest Service. Mr. Willner is a member of ASNE and ASME. Kevin D. Daigneaultis currently working in the Fluid Systems Division of M. Rosenblatt & Son Inc. A graduate of Maine Maritime Academy he received a bachelor of science degree in marine engineering with a minor degree in engineering science. A U.S.C.G. licensed 3rd assistant engineer Mr. Daigneault has experience working with shipboard oil/water separator and sewage systems as well as municipal and residential pollution abatement systems. He is an ASNE member.

Recently enacted public law and international treaties prohibit the discharge of oily wastes from oceangoing ships. To comply with these laws, the U.S. Navy and the Department of Defense (DOD) have issued a directive implementing standards for the prevention of oil pollution from U.S. Navy ships. Because of unique equipment and system design requirements for combatant and auxiliary ships in the U.S. Navy, research and development (R&D) was initiated to develop oil/water separator (OWS) systems. Over the past ten years, three systems were developed that met the Navy's requirements and are currently installed aboard Navy ships. Recently, a new generation of oil/water separator was conceived. Using existing oil coalescing theory and equipment already in the fleet, an in-tank oil/water separator (ITOWS) was developed. This new separator, installed aboard a naval combatant for testing, has met or exceeded all system requirements. Following a satisfactory operational evaluation by an independent U.S. Navy test command, the ITOWS will be specified for installation aboard new U.S. Navy ships. This article reviews current U.S. Navy OWS designs and introduces the ITOWS system currently undergoing final evaluation.

关键词： NAVAL VESSELS

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Sustainability of Multilayer Plastics Waste Management in Indonesia: A Multi-Aspect Sustainability Analysis (Msa) Approach

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Anwar, Mayrianti Annisa Sasongko, Nugroho Adi Najib, Mukhamad Pranoto, Bono Firmansyah, Irman Suprihatin Prof BJ Habibie Complex Area Banten15314 Indonesia Natural Resources and Environmental Management Graduate Study Program IPB University Jl. Pajajaran IPB Baranangsiang Campus Bogor16144 Indonesia Kampus IPB Darmaga P.O. Box 220 Bogor Indonesia IPSC Sentul Area West Java16810 Indonesia Faculty of Economics and Management Jl. Agatis Kampus IPB Darmaga West Java Bogor16680 Indonesia Research Center for Limnology and Water Resources National Research and Innovation Agency Bogor Indonesia System Dynamics Centre Indonesian System Dynamics Experts Association Indonesia

The sustainability of multilayer plastics waste management in Indonesia is a critical concern, demanding a comprehensive approach. This study employs a Multi-Aspect Sustainability Analysis (MSA) to evaluate and improve the management of multilayer plastic waste. The environmental strategies include developing standards for environmentally friendly technologies, regular monitoring, and in-depth academic studies on waste utilization. Economically, consistent funding, industry-government collaboration, community involvement, and investment policy development are essential. Social strategies emphasize community engagement and capacity building for waste management. Governmental roles involve implementing data-driven plans, enhancing law enforcement, establishing independent organizations, and incentivizing participation. Technological advancements and standardization in recycling technologies are crucial. The study highlights the importance of integrated efforts across environmental, economic, social, and governmental aspects to achieve sustainable waste management, promoting environmental resilience, economic prosperity, and social well-being. The results obtained showed that the sustainability status of waste management of multilayer plastic in Indonesia, special in Surabaya City is sustainable with an index of 53.33%. To increase the sustainability status to be very sustainable, scenario 2 was selected, the optimistic scenario with improvements in 14 sensitive factors to increase the sustainability index to 78.37%. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sustainable development

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Cost-Effective Groundwater Potential Mapping by Integrating Multiple Remote Sensing Data and the Index–Overlay Method

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Remote Sensing 2024年第3期16卷 502页

作者： Nainggolan, Lamtupa Ni, Chuen-Fa Darmawan, Yahya Lo, Wei-Cheng Lee, I-Hsian Lin, Chi-Ping Hiep, Nguyen Hoang Earth System Science Program Academia Sinica Taipei 11529 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Applied Geology National Central University Taoyuan City32001 Taiwan Education and Culture Board of Medan City Government North Sumatra 20233 Indonesia Center for Environmental Studies National Central University Taoyuan City32001 Taiwan Indonesian College of Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics STMKG Banten 15221 Indonesia Department of Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan City 701 Taiwan

The Choushui River groundwater basin (CRGB) in Yunlin County, Taiwan, is a significant groundwater source for the western part of the region. However, increasing groundwater demand and human activities have triggered a potential crisis due to overexploitation. Therefore, groundwater potential zone (GWPZ) maps are crucial for mapping groundwater resources and water resource management. This study employs the normalized index–overlay method and fuzzy extended analytical hierarchy process (FE-AHP) to map GWPZs cost-effectively. The methodology objectively incorporates weightings from various thematic layers by normalizing and correlating parameters with observed groundwater availability (GA). Site-specific observations, including aquifer thickness, depth to the groundwater level, and porosity, inform GA calculations. Seven comprehensive layers derived from remote sensing (RS) data are processed to obtain weightings and ratings for the groundwater potential index (GWPI) in the CRGB. Selected parameters are categorized into hydrological processes, human interventions, geological, and surface profiles. Hydrological processes include precipitation, modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI), and drainage density. Human interventions consist of the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and normalized difference building index (NDBI). Surface profiles encompass the terrain ruggedness index (TRI) and slope, enhancing the study’s multi-criteria approach. The observed GA validates the GWPZ accuracy, classifying zones into five categories. According to the GWPI of FE-AHP, about 59.56% of the CRGB area can be categorized as "moderate" to "very good" potential groundwater recharge zones. Pearson’s correlation coefficient between GWPI and GA, based on FE-AHP, outperforms the conventional AHP. This RS-based approach efficiently evaluates GA in aquifers with limited wells, highlighting crucial zones in CRGB’s proximal-fan and southeastern mid-fan for informed groundwater management

关键词： Aquifers

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