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Reconstruction and analysis of the transmission network of African swine fever in People's Republic of China, August 2018-September 2019

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epidemiology and Infection 2024年 152卷 e27-e27页

作者： Akhmetzhanov, Andrei R. Jung, Sung-Mok Lee, Hyojung Linton, Natalie M. Yang, Yichi Yuan, Baoyin Nishiura, Hiroshi Global Health Program Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine National Taiwan University College of Public Health Taipei Taiwan Graduate School of Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan School of Public Health Kyoto University Kyoto Japan CREST Japan Science and Technology Agency Saitama Japan

Introduction of African swine fever (ASF) to China in mid-2018 and the subsequent transboundary spread across Asia devastated regional swine production, affecting live pig and pork product-related markets worldwide. To explore the spatiotemporal spread of ASF in China, we reconstructed possible ASF transmission networks using nearest neighbour, exponential function, equal probability, and spatiotemporal case-distribution algorithms. From these networks, we estimated the reproduction numbers, serial intervals, and transmission distances of the outbreak. The mean serial interval between paired units was around 29 days for all algorithms, while the mean transmission distance ranged 332 -456 km. The reproduction numbers for each algorithm peaked during the first two weeks and steadily declined through the end of 2018 before hovering around the epidemic threshold value of 1 with sporadic increases during 2019. These results suggest that 1) swine husbandry practices and production systems that lend themselves to long-range transmission drove ASF spread;2) outbreaks went undetected by the surveillance system. Efforts by China and other affected countries to control ASF within their jurisdictions may be aided by the reconstructed spatiotemporal model. Continued support for strict implementation of biosecurity standards and improvements to ASF surveillance is essential for halting transmission in China and spread across Asia. © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press.

关键词： African swine fever animal pathogens epidemics mathematical modelling veterinary epidemiology

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Microarray analysis of genes associated with cell surface NIS protein levels in breast cancer

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BMC Research Notes 2011年第1期4卷 1-14页

作者： Beyer, Sasha J. Zhang, Xiaoli Jimenez, Rafael E. Lee, Mei-Ling T. Richardson, Andrea L. Huang, Kun Jhiang, Sissy M. Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 United States Department of Physiology and Cell Biology Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 United States Center for Biostatistics Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 United States Department of Anatomic Pathology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN 55901 United States Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 United States Department of Pathology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 United States Department of Biomedical Informatics Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 United States

Background: Na+/I- symporter (NIS)-mediated iodide uptake allows radioiodine therapy for thyroid cancer. NIS is also expressed in breast tumors, raising potential for radionuclide therapy of breast cancer. However, NI... 详细信息

Background: Na⁺/I^- symporter (NIS)-mediated iodide uptake allows radioiodine therapy for thyroid cancer. NIS is also expressed in breast tumors, raising potential for radionuclide therapy of breast cancer. However, NIS expression in most breast cancers is low and may not be sufficient for radionuclide therapy. We aimed to identify biomarkers associated with NIS expression such that mechanisms underlying NIS modulation in human breast tumors may be elucidated. Methods. Published oligonucleotide microarray data within the National Center for Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Omnibus database were analyzed to identify gene expression tightly correlated with NIS mRNA level among human breast tumors. NIS immunostaining was performed in a tissue microarray composed of 28 human breast tumors which had corresponding oligonucleotide microarray data available for each tumor such that gene expression associated with cell surface NIS protein level could be identified. Results and Discussion. NIS mRNA levels do not vary among breast tumors or when compared to normal breast tissues when detected by Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarray platforms. Cell surface NIS protein levels are much more variable than their corresponding NIS mRNA levels. Despite a limited number of breast tumors examined, our analysis identified cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase as a biomarker that is highly associated with cell surface NIS protein levels in the ER-positive breast cancer subtype. Conclusions: Further investigation on genes associated with cell surface NIS protein levels within each breast cancer molecular subtype may lead to novel targets for selectively increasing NIS expression/function in a subset of breast cancers patients. © 2011 Jhiang et al;licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

关键词： Breast Cancer Breast Tumor Oligonucleotide Microarray Breast Cancer Molecular Subtype Cars Protein

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American Journal Geriatric Pharmacotherapy 2012年第2期10卷 139-150页

作者： Boyce, Richard D. Handler, Steven M. Karp, Jordan F. Hanlon, Joseph T. Department of Biomedical Informatics University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA United States Geriatric Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Geroinformatics Research and Training Program University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA United States Division of Geriatric Medicine University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA United States Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System Pittsburgh PA United States Department of Psychiatry Department of Anesthesiology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA United States Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics School of Pharmacy University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA United States Department of Epidemiology Graduate School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA United States

Background: Antidepressants are among the most commonly prescribed psychotropic agents for older patients. Little is known about the best source of pharmacotherapy information to consult about key factors necessary to safely prescribe these medications to older patients. Objective: The objective of this study was to synthesize and contrast information in the package insert (PI) with information found in the scientific literature about age-related changes of antidepressants in systemic clearance and potential pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Methods: A comprehensive search of two databases (MEDLINE and EMBASE from January 1, 1975 to September 30, 2011) with the use of a combination of search terms (antidepressants, pharmacokinetics, and drug interactions) was conducted to identify relevant English language articles. This information was independently reviewed by two researchers and synthesized into tables. These same two researchers examined the most up-to-date PIs for the 26 agents available at the time of the study to abstract quantitative information about age-related decline in systemic clearance and potential DDIs. The agreement between the two information sources was tested with κ statistics. Results: The literature reported age-related clearance changes for 13 antidepressants, whereas the PIs only had evidence about 4 antidepressants (κ < 0.4). Similarly, the literature identified 45 medications that could potentially interact with a specific antidepressant, whereas the PIs only provided evidence about 12 potential medication-antidepressant DDIs (κ < 0.4). Conclusion: The evidence-based literature compared with PIs is the most complete pharmacotherapy information source about both age-related clearance changes and pharmacokinetic DDIs with antidepressants. Future rigorously designed observational studies are needed to examine the combined risk of antidepressants with age-related decline in clearance and potential DDIs on important health outcomes

关键词： aged antidepressants drug interactions drug product package inserts pharmacokinetics

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Optimism predicts sustained vigorous physical activity in postmenopausal women

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Preventive Medicine Reports 2017年 8卷 286-293页

作者： Progovac, Ana M. Donohue, Julie M. Matthews, Karen A. Chang, Chung-Chou H. Habermann, Elizabeth B. Kuller, Lewis H. Saquib, Juliann LaMonte, Michael J. Salmoirago-Blotcher, Elena Zaslavsky, Oleg Tindle, Hilary A. Health Equity Research Lab Department of Psychiatry Cambridge Health Alliance Cambridge MA United States Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School Boston MA United States Department of Health Policy & Management University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health Pittsburgh PA United States Department of Psychiatry University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA United States Department of Biostatistics University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA United States Department of Medicine University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA United States Mayo Clinic Robert D and Patricia E Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery Surgical Outcomes Program Rochester MN United States Department of Epidemiology University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health Pittsburgh PA United States Department of Family and Community Medicine College of Medicine Qassim University Saudi Arabia Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health School of Public Health and Health Professions University at Buffalo Buffalo NY United States Department of Medicine Warren Alpert School of Medicine Brown University Providence RI United States Department of Epidemiology Brown University School of Public Health Providence RI United States Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine The Miriam Hospital Providence RI United States Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics University of Washington School of Nursing Seattle WA United States Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN United States

Optimism and cynical hostility are associated with health behaviors and health outcomes, including morbidity and mortality. This analysis assesses their association with longitudinal vigorous physical activity (PA) in postmenopausal women of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI). Subjects include 73,485 women nationwide without history of cancer or cardiovascular disease (CVD), and no missing baseline optimism, cynical hostility, or PA data. The Life Orientation Test-Revised Scale measured optimism. A Cook Medley questionnaire subscale measured cynical hostility. Scale scores were divided into quartiles. Vigorous PA three times or more per week was assessed via self-report at study baseline (1994–1998) and through follow-up year 6. Descriptive analysis mapped lifetime trajectories of vigorous PA (recalled at ages 18, 25, 50;prospectively assessed at baseline, and 3 and 6 years later). Hierarchical generalized linear mixed models examined the prospective association between optimism, cynical hostility, and vigorous PA over 6 years. Models adjusted for baseline sociodemographic variables, psychosocial characteristics, and health conditions and behaviors. Vigorous PA rates were highest for most optimistic women, but fell for all women by approximately 60% between age 50 and study baseline. In adjusted models from baseline through year 6, most vs. least optimistic women were 15% more likely to exercise vigorously (p < 0.001). Cynical hostility was not associated with lower odds of longitudinal vigorous PA after adjustment. Results did not differ by race/ethnicity or socioeconomic status. Higher optimism is associated with maintaining vigorous PA over time in post-menopausal women, and may protect women's health over the lifespan. © 2017 The Authors

关键词： Aging Cynical hostility Optimism Physical activity women's health

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Commentary on the new American geriatric society beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults

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American Journal Geriatric Pharmacotherapy 2012年第2期10卷 151-159页

作者： Marcum, Zachary A. Hanlon, Joseph T. School of Medicine (Geriatrics) University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA United States School of Pharmacy (Pharmacy and Therapeutics) University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA United States Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion (CHERP) Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System (VAPHS) Pittsburgh PA United States Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC) VAPHS Pittsburgh PA United States Geriatric Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Gero-Informatics Research and Training Program University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA United States Graduate School of Public Health (Epidemiology) University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA United States Clinical and Translational Science Institute University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA United States

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Elevated Concentrations of Human Neutrophil Peptides in Plasma, Blood, and Body Fluids from Patients with Infections

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Clinical Infectious Diseases 1997年第5期25卷 1143-1147页

作者： McFarland, Joy M. Baddour, Larry M. Nelson, Jeffery E. Elkins, Sandra K. Craven, Robert B. Cropp, Bruce C. Chang, Gwong-Jen Grindstaff, Alan D. Craig, Allen S. Smith, Russell J. From the Departments of Medicine and Pathology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tennessee Medical Center at Knoxville Knoxville and the Tennessee Department of Health Communicable and Environmental Disease Services Nashville Tennessee the Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases National Center for Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Fort Collins Colorado and the Epidemic Intelligence Service Epidemiology Program Office Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia

The last imported case of yellow fever seen in this country was in 1924. We report a case of yellow fever acquired by an American tourist who visited the jungles of Brazil along the Rio Negro and Amazon Rivers. The patient died 6 days after hospital admission and 10 days after his first symptoms appeared. Yellow fever virus was recovered from clinical specimens, and the isolate was genetically similar to the E genotype IIB of South American yellow fever viruses. This patient's illness represents a case of vaccine-preventable death since he failed to be immunized with a recommended preexposure yellow fever vaccine.

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BUILDing BLaST: Promoting rural students' biomedical research careers using a culturally responsive, one health approach

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BMC Proceedings 2017年第SUPPL 12期11卷 79-89页

作者： Taylor, Barbara E. Reynolds, Arleigh J. Etz, Kathy E. MacCalla, Nicole M. G. Cotter, Paul A. Deruyter, Tiffany L. Hueffer, Karsten University of Alaska Fairbanks Biomedical Learning Stud. Training Program Fairbanks 99775 AK United States Department of Biology and Wildlife University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks 99775 AK United States Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks 99775 AK United States University of Alaska Fairbanks Institute of Arctic Biology Fairbanks 99775 AK United States National Institute on Drug Abuse Division of Epidemiology Services and Prevention Research National Institutes of Health Bethesda 20892 MD United States Department of Education Graduate School of Education and Information Studies University of California Los Angeles 90095 CA United States EvaluLogic Sitka 99835 AK United States

Background and purpose: Most postsecondary institutions in the state of Alaska (USA) have a broad mission to serve diverse students, many of whom come from schools in rural villages that are accessible only by plane, boat, or snowmobile. The major research university, the University of Alaska in Fairbanks (UAF), serves a population whereby 40% are from groups recognized as underrepresented in the biomedical workforce. The purpose of this article is to describe the Building Infrastructure Leading to Diversity (BUILD)-supported program in the state of Alaska that seeks to engage students from rural areas with a culturally relevant approach that is centered on the One Health paradigm, integrating human, animal, and environmental health. program and key highlights: The Biomedical Learning and Student Training (BLaST) program distinguished by broad themes that address recruitment, retention, and success of students in biomedical programs, especially for students from rural backgrounds. Targeted rural outreach emphasizes that biomedical research includes research on the integration of human, animal, and environmental health. This One Health perspective gives personal relevance and connection to biomedical research. This outreach is expected to benefit student recruitment, as well as foster family and community support for pursuit of college degrees. BLaST promotes integration of research into undergraduate curricula through curriculum development, and by creating a new class of instructors, laboratory research and teaching technicians, who provide research mentorship, course instruction, and comprehensive advising. Finally, BLaST facilitates early and sustained undergraduate research experiences in collaborations with graduate students and faculty. Implications: BLaST's approach is highly adapted to the Alaskan educational and physical environment, but components and concepts could be adapted to other rural areas as a means to engage students from rural backgrounds, who o

关键词： Biomedical Research Careers Biomedical Workforce Comprehensive Advice Undergraduate Research Experience Health Paradigm

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Prognosis among African-American women and white women with lymph node negative breast carcinoma†

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Cancer 2000年第1期80卷 80-90页

作者： James J. Dignam Ph.D. Carol K. Redmond Sc.D. Bernard Fisher M.D. Joseph P. Costantino Dr.P.H. Brenda K. Edwards Ph.D. Department of Biostatistics and National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Graduate School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania Department of Biometry and Epidemiology College of Medicine Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina Department of Surgery and Scientific Director's Office NSABP 914 Scaife Hall University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania Cancer Control Research Program Division of Cancer Prevention and Control National Cancer Institute Bethesda Maryland

BACKGROUND A disparity in breast carcinoma survival between African-American and white women has been noted over the past several decades. A major factor implicated in this disparity is stage of disease at diagnosis. In this study, survival and related endpoints were examined among African-American women and white women with lymph node negative breast carcinoma who participated in two randomized clinical trials of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP). METHODS Patients from two studies, one conducted among patients with estrogen receptor (ER) negative tumors and the other among patients with ER positive tumors, were included. Study goals were to determine whether African-Americans and whites had comparable outcomes, accounting for ER status and differences in patient characteristics at diagnosis, and to determine whether treatment response was similar for African-Americans and whites. RESULTS Five-year survival rates were 83% for African-Americans and 85% for whites among ER negative patients, and 93% for African-Americans and 92% for whites among ER positive patients. Rates of disease free survival (DFS) (i.e., time to disease recurrence, second primary cancer, or death) were 71% for African-Americans and 74% for whites at 5 years among ER negative patients, and 81% for African-Americans and 80% for whites among ER positive patients. African-Americans tended to have less favorable baseline prognostic characteristics. Adjusted relative risk (RR) estimates indicated similar prognosis for African-Americans compared with whites for mortality (African-American/white RR = 1.02 with 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66-1.56 among ER negative patients; RR = 1.14 with 95% CI, 0.84-1.54 among ER positive patients) and DFS (RR = 0.98 with 95% CI, 0.70-1.37 for ER negative patients; RR = 0.96 with 95% CI, 0.75-1.22 for ER positive patients). Estimated percent reductions in DFS events for patients receiving adjuvant therapy were 32% for ER negative Afric

关键词： Breast breast carcinoma race clinical trials hormone receptors adjuvant therapy

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Risk factors for Covid-19 transmission in the workplace of the Semarang city: A qualitative study

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2683卷

作者： Sri Wahyuni Ningsih Suhartono Suhartono Budi Laksono Mateus Sakundarno Nabila Yasminul Jannah Rahmani Master Program of Epidemiology School of Post-Graduate Diponegoro University Semarang - Indonesia Faculty of Public Health Diponegoro University Semarang – Indonesia

Semarang City is one of the four highest Covid-19 cases in Central Java Province on May 8, 2021. There are many clusters of Covid-19 transmission, including in the workplace. However, studies identifying the risk factors for Covid-19 transmission are scarce. This study objective is to identify the risk factors for Covid-19 transmission at work in Semarang City. This study was a descriptive study using a qualitative approach to get the data on the risk factors for Covid-19 transmission in the workplace in Semarang City from January to March 2021. There were 55 cases of Covid-19 identified as clusters in the workplace. The triangulation method was performed to confirm the information given by the primary informants. The study shows from the results of the study conducted; it was found that the risk factors for the transmission of Covid-19 in the workplace include contact with a confirmed Covid-19 person, a distance of <1 meter, not using the appropriate mask, using sharing work tools, eating together, official travel history, and poor air circulation. The findings of this study can be considered when prevention was planned to reduce the transmission of Covid-19 in the Semarang City workplace.

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The collection of indirect and nonmedical direct costs (COIN) form

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Cancer 2001年第4期91卷 841-853页

作者： Eric J. Sherman M.D. David G. Pfister M.D. Hirsch S. Ruchlin Ph.D. David M. Rubin B.S. Mark H. Radzyner M.B.A., J.D. Geralyn H. Kelleher M.Sc. Susan F. Slovin M.D. William K. Kelly D.O. Howard I. Scher M.D. Division of Solid Tumor Oncology Department of Medicine Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York New York Department of Public Health and Medicine Cornell University Medical College Cornell University New York New York Program in Clinical Epidemiology and Health Services Research Graduate School of Medical Sciences Cornell University New York New York Department of Finance Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York New York

BACKGROUND There are limited data available regarding the cost of care in patients with androgen independent prostate carcinoma (AIPC), and there are no data on the impact of direct nonmedical and indirect costs (DNM/IC). This lack of data, along with the feasibility of collecting DNM/IC, was examined in patients with AIPC who took part in a randomized trial using a newly developed questionnaire, the Collection of Indirect and Nonmedical Direct Costs (COIN) form. METHODS Patients with AIPC were randomized to one of three treatment arms: 1) strontium only (strontium 4 Mci in Week 1 and Week 12) (STRONT); 2) vinblastine 4 mg/m 2 per week for 3 weeks then 1 week off and estramustine, 10 mg/kg per day (CHEMO); or 3) a combination of treatments outlined in the arms for CHEMO and STRONT (CHEMO/STRONT). Direct medical costs were collected through the hospital billing system. DNM/IC data were obtained prospectively using the COIN form. Cost data were analyzed for a period of 6 months. RESULTS Twenty-nine patients were randomized, after which the protocol was closed because of poor accrual. The median survival of the patients was 22.3 months. The mean and median total costs for the 20 of 29 patients with complete cost information were $12,647 and $11,257 over 6 months, respectively. DNM/IC represented 11% of the total cost (range, from < 1% to 42%); in 20% of participating individuals, these costs accounted for 35–42% of total costs. Failure to collect complete cost information was due to early death, administrative difficulties, and loss to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS In this pilot project, the collection of these cost data using the COIN form was feasible and practical and was limited primarily by logistic, not form specific, issues. DNM/IC were found to be a significant proportion of total costs (up to 42%) in selected patients, and this information proved to be a useful addition to the cost analysis. Approximately 98 patients would be required to detect a 20% difference in to

关键词： cost analysis prostate carcinoma strontium chemotherapy randomized trial

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