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Intelligent Pharmacy 2025年

作者： Joyner David Anaya Miranda Maricela Rojas Canchala Carlos Alberto Gómez Mercado CES University Faculty of Medicine Graduate Program in Epidemiology and Biostatistics Medellín Colombia Federal University of Grande Dourados Faculty of Health Sciences Graduate Program in Health Sciences Dourados MS Brazil

INTRODUCTION Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) are influenced by multiple potentiators related to the patient, the disease, the drug, the environment and medical treatment, these ADRs are highly prevalent and are identified as an important risk factor that predisposes patients to ADRs. It was considered necessary to determine the demographic, social, and clinical factors associated with ADRs from antiretrovirals in HIV-positive patients, who were treated by the specialized comprehensive care program in a primary health care model. METHODOLOGY Observational, cross-sectional, analytical, and retrospective study with a population of patients on antiretroviral therapy in a primary care program. The outcome evaluated was adverse drug reactions vs. sociodemographic, pharmacological and clinical factors. For the statistical analysis, univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed, where a multiple binary logistic regression was used for explanatory purposes. RESULTS A total of 5406 records of patients with antiretroviral therapy were analyzed, the prevalence of ADR was 16.68%, the multivariate analysis showed that the variables that increase the probability of ADR are age, education, area of residence, pharmacological group, HDL cholesterol levels, adherence, persistence, change of two or more times of ARV and treatment time. CONCLUSION Antiretrovirals, as well as the risk factors that are mainly associated with the occurrence of ADRs in this study, contribute to health professionals at all levels to anticipate, identify and minimize ADR, as well as to understand the need for close follow-up and monitoring to avoid the occurrence of serious ADRs.

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Drug-Related Adverse Reactions and Side Effects (ADRs) Antiretroviral therapy (ART)

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DOWNS SYNDROME - VARIATION OF LEUKEMIA OCCURRENCE IN INSTITUTIONALIZED POPULATIONS

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JOURNAL OF CHRONIC DISEASES 1968年第4期21卷 247-+页

作者： JACKSON, EW TURNER, JH KLAUBER, MR NORRIS, FD Epidemiology Section Cancer Field Research Program State of California Department of Public Health Berkeley California USA Biostatistics (Human Genetics) Graduate School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA

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Distinguishing genetic correlation from causation across 52 diseases and complex traits (vol 50, pg 1728, 2018)

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NATURE GENETICS 2018年第12期50卷 1753-1753页

作者： O'Connor, Luke J. Price, Alkes L. Department of Epidemiology Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA USA Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Genomics Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Cambridge MA USA Department of Biostatistics Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA USA Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute Cambridge MA USA

Mendelian randomization, a method to infer causal relationships, is confounded by genetic correlations reflecting shared etiology. We developed a model in which a latent causal variable mediates the genetic correlation; trait 1 is partially genetically causal for trait 2 if it is strongly genetically correlated with the latent causal variable, quantified using the genetic causality proportion. We fit this model using mixed fourth moments \({\it{E}}({\it{\alpha }}_1^2{\it{\alpha }}_1{\it{\alpha }}_2)\) and \({\it{E}}\left( {{\it{\alpha }}_2^2{\it{\alpha }}_1{\it{\alpha }}_2} \right)\) of marginal effect sizes for each trait; if trait 1 is causal for trait 2, then SNPs affecting trait 1 (large \({\it{\alpha }}_1^2\)) will have correlated effects on trait 2 (large α₁α₂), but not vice versa. In simulations, our method avoided false positives due to genetic correlations, unlike Mendelian randomization. Across 52 traits (average n = 331,000), we identified 30 causal relationships with high genetic causality proportion estimates. Novel findings included a causal effect of low-density lipoprotein on bone mineral density, consistent with clinical trials of statins in osteoporosis.

关键词： Genetics Genome-wide association studies

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Genome-wide association studies in a large Korean cohort identify quantitative trait loci for 36 traits and illuminate their genetic architectures

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Nature Communications 2025年第1期16卷 1-13页

作者： Yon Ho Jee Alkes L. Price Peter Kraft Ying Wang Alicia R. Martin Keum Ji Jung Ji-Young Lee Heejin Kimm Rui Duan Department of Epidemiology Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA USA Department of Biostatistics Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA USA Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Trans-Divisional Research Program Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Boston MD USA Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research and Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Institute for Health Promotion Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion Graduate School of Public Health Yonsei University Seoul Korea

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have predominantly focused on European ancestry populations, limiting biological discoveries across diverse populations. Here we report GWAS findings from 153,950 individuals across 36 quantitative traits in the Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS2) Biobank. We discovered 301 previously unreported genetic loci in KCPS2, including an association between thyroid-stimulating hormone andCD36. Meta-analysis with the Korean Genome and epidemiology Study, Biobank Japan, Taiwan Biobank, and UK Biobank identified 4588 loci that were not significant in any contributing GWAS. We describe differences in genetic architectures across these East Asian and European samples. We also highlight East Asian specific associations, including a known pleiotropic missense variant inALDH2, which fine-mapping identified as a likely causal variant for multiple traits. Our findings provide insights into the genetic architecture of complex traits in East Asian populations and highlight how broadening the population diversity of GWAS samples can aid discovery.

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GranatumX:A Community-engaging, Modularized, and Flexible Webtool for Single-cell Data Analysis

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2021年第3期19卷 452-460页

作者： David G.Garmire Xun Zhu Aravind Mantravadi Qianhui Huang Breck Yunits Yu Liu Thomas Wolfgruber Olivier Poirion Tianying Zhao Cédric Arisdakessian Stefan Stanojevic Lana X.Garmire Department of Electrical Engineering&Computer Science University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Epidemiology Program University of Hawaii Cancer CenterHonoluluHI 96813USA Department of Biostatistics University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48105USA Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering Graduate Program University of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHI 96822USA

We present GranatumX,a next-generation software environment for single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)data *** is inspired by the interactive webtool *** enables biologists to access the latest scRNA-seq bioinformatics methods in a web-based graphical *** also offers software developers the opportunity to rapidly promote their own tools with others in customizable *** architecture of GranatumX allows for easy inclusion of plugin modules,named Gboxes,which wrap around bioinformatics tools written in various programming languages and on various *** can be run on the cloud or private servers and generate reproducible *** is a community-engaging,flexible,and evolving software ecosystem for scRNA-seq analysis,connecting developers with bench *** is freely accessible at http://***/granatumx/app.

关键词： Single-cell RNA sequencing Analysis Pipeline Webtool Module

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Age and kidney function are the primary correlates of fasting plasma total homocysteine levels in non-diabetic and diabetic adults. Results from the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

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Nutrition and Metabolism 2005年第1期2卷 1-8页

作者： Duncan, Glen E. Li, Sierra M. Zhou, Xiao-Hua Department of Epidemiology Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 United States Department of Biostatistics University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 United States HSRandD Center of Excellence VA Puget Sound Health Care System Seattle WA 98101 United States

Background: Plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) is commonly elevated in persons with diabetes. This may be due to effects of insulin and/or glucose and/or metabolic control on the metabolism or plasma levels of tHcy. This study examined the effects of fasting plasma glucose status on fasting tHcy levels among adults without diabetes, and diabetes per se among adults with a self-report history of diabetes. Methods: Analysis of data on adults (≥ 20y) who had fasted at least 8 hours, from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2000 and 2001-2002). Subjects with no selfreport history of diabetes were grouped according to fasting plasma glucose status as normal (< 100 mg/dL = NFG, n = 2,244), impaired (≥ 100 < 126 mg/dL = IFG, n = 1,108), or a provisional diagnosis of diabetes (≥ 126 mg/dL = DFG, n = 133). Subjects with a self-report history of diabetes (n = 275) were examined separately. Results: Fasting tHcy was higher (Ps < 0.01) among non-diabetic subjects with DFG and IFG, compared to NFG (median [95% confidence interval] = 8.6 [8.0-9.2], 8.3 [8.1-8.5], and 7.4 [7.3-7.5] μmol/L, respectively). Diabetic subjects had levels similar to non-diabetic subjects with DFG and IFG (8.3 [7.9-8.6] μmol/L). Age and estimated creatinine clearance were strong correlates of fasting tHcy among non-diabetic subjects (r = 0.38 to 0.44 and r = -0.35 to -0.46, respectively) and diabetic subjects (r = 0.41 and r = -0.46, respectively) (Ps < 0.001), while fasting glucose and glycohemoglobin (HbA_1c) were weaker (but still significant) correlates of tHcy in non-diabetic and diabetic subjects. Fasting glucose status was not a significant independent predictor of fasting tHcy levels in non-diabetic subjects, and HbA_1c was not a significant independent predictor of tHcy in diabetic subjects (Ps > 0.05). Conclusion: Fasting tHcy levels are elevated among non-diabetic adults with elevated fasting glucose levels, compared to persons with normal fasting gluco

关键词： Metabolic Control Glucose Status Provisional Diagnosis Nondiabetic Subject tHcy Level

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Prevention Science 2001年第3期2卷 145-163页

作者： Wills, Thomas A. Cleary, Sean Filer, Marnie Shinar, Ori Mariani, John Spera, Karen Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology Yeshiva University Bronx NY United States Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University Bronx NY United States Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics George Washington University Medical Center Washington DC United States Psychology Department Mercy College Dobbs Ferry NY United States Health Psychology Training Program Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY 10461 1300 Morris Park Avenue United States

We tested a theoretical model of early-onset substance (tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana) use. A sample of 1,810 public school students was surveyed in sixth grade (M age 11.5 years) and seventh grade. Temperament dimensions were related to substance use, and structural modeling analyses showed indirect effects through self-control constructs. Good self-control had a path to higher academic competence and had direct effects to less peer use and less adolescent substance use;poor self-control had a path to more adolescent life events and more deviant peer affiliations. Academic competence and life events had indirect effects to adolescent substance use, through peer affiliations. Findings from self-report data were corroborated by independent teacher ratings. Effects were also noted for family variables and demographic characteristics. Implications of epigenetic theory for prevention research are discussed. © 2001 Society for Prevention Research.

关键词： Early onset Epigenetic theory Self-control Substance use Temperament

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Evalution of secular trends in cd4+ lymphocyte loss among human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected men with known dates of seroconversion

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American Journal of epidemiology 1995年第6期142卷 636-642页

作者： Hoover, Donald R. Rosenberg, Philip S. Chen, Baibai Detels, Roger Kingsley, Lawrence A. Phair, John Saah, Alfred J. Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program National Cancer Institute Public Health Service US Department of Health and Human Services Rockville MD United States Department of Epidemiology The Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health Baltimore MD United States Department of Biostatistics The Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health Baltimore MD United States School of Public Health University of California Los Angeles CA United States Graduate School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA United States Northwestern University Medical School Chicago IL United States

The rate at which immunodeficiency develops in untreated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)- infected persons might be increasing or decreasing over time because of viral evolution or other factors. Beginning in 1984, Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study investigators recruited HIV-1-seronegathve homosexual/ bisexual men from four US metropolitan areas and examined them semiannually for HIV-1 seroconversion. To assess possible secular changes in the natural history of HIV-1 infection, the authors examined CD4+ lymphocyte data from 354 men who seroconverted between 1984 and 1991. To control for measurement differences among centers and over time, the authors adjusted CD4+ lymphocyte values to those of persistently seronegative participants. CD4+ lymphocyte percentage measurements at the first seropositive visit formed a U-shaped pattern, with the lowest values observed in 1988 and 1989. The authors observed no consistent secular pattern of CD4+ percentages at later visit dates, except that mean CD4+ percentages were consistently lowest in men who seroconverted in 1988. In a proportional hazards model, the time to the adjusted CD4+ lymphocyte count of <500 cells/mm³ was not associated with the secular time of seroconversion (relative hazard = 1.05, 95% confidence interval 0.97-1.13). The authors' data do not suggest a major change in the natural history of HIV-1 infection in this population. Am J Epidemiol 1995;142:636-42. © 1995 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health.

关键词： Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome HIV seropositivity HIV-1 T4 lymphocytes

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The supercourse of fisheries: Importance of sharing educational materials and implications for cancer and chronic disease research

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Nutrition and Health 2009年第1期20卷 31-40页

作者： Linkov, Faina Hussein, Izzeldin S. Taioli, Emanuela Laporte, Ronald Al-Oufi, Hamed Said University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Department of Medicine Pittsburgh PA 15232 5150 Centre Avenue United States University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health Department of Epidemiology University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute United States Research and Training BCT-Oman ICCIDD - Middle East North Africa Oman Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics SUNY Downstate School of Public Health Graduate Program in Public Health Brooklyn NY 11203 450 Clarkson Avenue Box 43 United States Ministry of Fisheries Wealth Muscat-PC 100 P.O. Box 427 Oman

Epidemiologic research has demonstrated that fish is an important component of human nutrition. Existing information for the public about the benefits vs dangers of fish consumption is often contradictory and unclear. Education in the field of human nutrition, especially in the area of fish consumption could be markedly enhanced if there were better mechanisms for the development of customized high quality, low cost educational lectures Researchers from the Department of epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, in collaboration with the members of the Global Health Network Supercourse project are developing a library of lectures on nutrition, environmental health, and fisheries, for the use and share among the scientists of the world. With the growing demand for environmental health/nutrition awareness, there is an escalating demand for easily accessible and inexpensive teaching materials on nutritional information, including fish and fisheries. The Supercourse has a network of 45,000 faculty members from 171 countries who have contributed more than 3400 public health lectures, providing forum for sharing the latest research developments in the areas of nutrition. This article outlines the importance of creating easily accessible educational modules on the issues of nutrition, environmental health challenges, and fisheries. © 2009 A B Academic Publishers. Printed in Great Britain.

关键词： Cancer Environmental health Fish Fisheries Internet Nutrition Supercourse

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A quantitative analysis of research publications in physical therapy journals - Author response

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PHYSICAL THERAPY 2003年第2期83卷 133-133页

作者： Miller, PA Haynes, RB PA Miller PT MHSc is Assistant Clinical Professor School of Rehabilitation Science McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada and Chief of Physiotherapy Practice Hamilton Health Sciences Hamilton Ontario Canada. When this article was written she was a graduate student in the Health Research Methodology Program at McMaster University. KA McKibbon BSc MLS is currently on leave from the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics McMaster University for PhD studies at the Centre for Biomedical Informatics University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pa RB Haynes MD PhD is Professor of Clinical Epidemiology and Medicine McMaster University. He is Editor of ACP Journal Club

Background and *** physical therapists depend on their professional journals for high-quality evidence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rigor of research and review articles in 4 national physical therapy *** and *** articles in 6 consecutive issues of theAustralian Journal of Physiotherapy,Physical Therapy,Physiotherapy, andPhysiotherapy Canada, published between January 2000 and June 2001 (N=179), were reviewed. One trained reviewer identified the type and purpose of each article and assessed the rigor of treatment and review articles according to explicit *** majority of articles reviewed were original studies (56%). The majority of the research articles that dealt with human health care (66%) addressed topics that were not directly applicable to the provision of patient care such as measurement topics and studies on subjects without identified pathologies or impairments. Of the 179 journal articles, 19 met the standards for rigor (11%). The majority of these articles dealt with treatment. The pass rate per journal was as follows:Australian Journal of Physiotherapy, 10% (4/42);Physical Therapy, 15% (7/47);Physiotherapy, 12% (4/34); andPhysiotherapy Canada, 7% (4/56).*** such a small percentage of articles in these professional journals were identified as having direct application to patient care, physical therapists should attempt to access other sources of information to find additional high-quality evidence. A larger sample with a greater number of issues per journal may have yielded different results and indicated different trends, and further research appears to be warranted.

关键词： Clinical research Evidence-based practice Publications and audiovisual materials

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