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Economic costs of alcohol consumption in Thailand,2021

Global Health Research and Policy 2023年第1期8卷 27-34页

作者： Chaisiri Luangsinsiri Sitaporn Youngkong Usa Chaikledkaew Oraluck Pattanaprateep Montarat Thavorncharoensap Doctor of Philosophy Program in Social Economicand Administrative PharmacyDepartment of PharmacyFaculty of PharmacyMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand Department of Clinical Pharmacy Faculty of PharmacySrinakharinwirot UniversityNakhon NayokThailand Mahidol University Health Technology Assessment(MUHTA)International Graduate Program Mahidol UniversityBangkokThailand Social and Administrative Pharmacy Excellence Research(SAPER)Unit Department of PharmacyFaculty of PharmacyMahidol University447 Sri-Ayudhaya Rd.RajathewiPhayathaiBangkok 10400Thailand Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi HospitalMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand

Background Alcohol is one of the leading risk factors contributing to avoidable economic loss *** from the economic cost of alcohol consumption studies play an important role in prioritizing healthcare resource use,supporting policy decisions,and justifying budgets for alcohol *** study aimed to estimate the economic burden associated with alcohol consumption in Thailand in *** Prevalence-based cost of illness methodology was *** following costs were included in the analysis:healthcare costs;cost of law enforcement;cost of property damage due to road traffic accidents;cost of premature mortality;and cost of absenteeism from out-patient hospital visits and *** capital approach was *** costs were presented in Thai baht,*** Alcohol consumption incurred a total estimated economic cost of 165,450.5 million baht,equivalent to 1.02%of Gross Domestic Product(GDP)and 2500 baht per *** of premature mortality was estimated at 157,918.7 million baht and accounted for the largest proportion of the total cost(95.45%).Healthcare cost was found to be the second highest share representing 4370.1 million baht(2.7%of the total cost).The number of premature death attributable to alcohol consumption in 2021 was estimated at 22,*** Alcohol continues to impose a substantial economic burden in *** of existing wellformulated alcohol control policies is urgently required to mitigate the economic impact of alcohol consumption in the country.

关键词： Cost-of-illness Economic burden Alcohol Cost Drinking

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GranatumX:A Community-engaging, Modularized, and Flexible Webtool for Single-cell Data Analysis

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2021年第3期19卷 452-460页

作者： David G.Garmire Xun Zhu Aravind Mantravadi Qianhui Huang Breck Yunits Yu Liu Thomas Wolfgruber Olivier Poirion Tianying Zhao Cédric Arisdakessian Stefan Stanojevic Lana X.Garmire Department of Electrical Engineering&Computer Science University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Epidemiology Program University of Hawaii Cancer CenterHonoluluHI 96813USA Department of Biostatistics University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48105USA Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering Graduate Program University of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHI 96822USA

We present GranatumX,a next-generation software environment for single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)data *** is inspired by the interactive webtool *** enables biologists to access the latest scRNA-seq bioinformatics methods in a web-based graphical *** also offers software developers the opportunity to rapidly promote their own tools with others in customizable *** architecture of GranatumX allows for easy inclusion of plugin modules,named Gboxes,which wrap around bioinformatics tools written in various programming languages and on various *** can be run on the cloud or private servers and generate reproducible *** is a community-engaging,flexible,and evolving software ecosystem for scRNA-seq analysis,connecting developers with bench *** is freely accessible at http://***/granatumx/app.

关键词： Single-cell RNA sequencing Analysis Pipeline Webtool Module

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IDENTIFYING POTENTIATORS OF ADVERSE REACTIONS TO ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS IN A PRIMARY CARE MODEL

Intelligent Pharmacy

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Intelligent Pharmacy 2025年

作者： Joyner David Anaya Miranda Maricela Rojas Canchala Carlos Alberto Gómez Mercado CES University Faculty of Medicine Graduate Program in Epidemiology and Biostatistics Medellín Colombia Federal University of Grande Dourados Faculty of Health Sciences Graduate Program in Health Sciences Dourados MS Brazil

INTRODUCTION Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) are influenced by multiple potentiators related to the patient, the disease, the drug, the environment and medical treatment, these ADRs are highly prevalent and are identified as an important risk factor that predisposes patients to ADRs. It was considered necessary to determine the demographic, social, and clinical factors associated with ADRs from antiretrovirals in HIV-positive patients, who were treated by the specialized comprehensive care program in a primary health care model. METHODOLOGY Observational, cross-sectional, analytical, and retrospective study with a population of patients on antiretroviral therapy in a primary care program. The outcome evaluated was adverse drug reactions vs. sociodemographic, pharmacological and clinical factors. For the statistical analysis, univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed, where a multiple binary logistic regression was used for explanatory purposes. RESULTS A total of 5406 records of patients with antiretroviral therapy were analyzed, the prevalence of ADR was 16.68%, the multivariate analysis showed that the variables that increase the probability of ADR are age, education, area of residence, pharmacological group, HDL cholesterol levels, adherence, persistence, change of two or more times of ARV and treatment time. CONCLUSION Antiretrovirals, as well as the risk factors that are mainly associated with the occurrence of ADRs in this study, contribute to health professionals at all levels to anticipate, identify and minimize ADR, as well as to understand the need for close follow-up and monitoring to avoid the occurrence of serious ADRs.

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Drug-Related Adverse Reactions and Side Effects (ADRs) Antiretroviral therapy (ART)

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Looking at the full picture, using topic modeling to observe microbiome communities associated with disease

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Gut microbes reports 2024年第1期1卷 1-11页

作者： Rachel L Fitzjerrells Nicholas J Ollberding Ashutosh K Mangalam Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Informatics University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242 USA. College of Dentistry University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242 USA. Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati Ohio 45267 USA. Department of Pathology Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242 USA. Iowa City VA Health Care System 601 US-6 W Iowa City IA 52246 USA.

The microbiome, a complex micro-ecosystem, helps the host with various vital physiological processes. Alterations of the microbiome (dysbiosis) have been linked with several diseases, and generally, differential abundance testing between the healthy and patient groups is performed to identify important bacteria. However, providing a singular species of bacteria to an individual as treatment has not been as successful as fecal microbiota transplant therapy, where the entire microbiome of a healthy individual is transferred. These observations suggest that a combination of bacteria might be crucial for the beneficial effects. Here we provide the framework to utilize topic modeling, an unsupervised machine learning approach, to identify a community of bacteria related to health or disease. Specifically, we used our previously published gut microbiome data of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), a neurodegenerative disease linked to a dysbiotic gut microbiome. We identified communities of bacteria associated with MS, including genera previously discovered, but also others that would have been overlooked by differential abundance testing. This method can be a useful tool for analyzing the microbiome, and it should be considered along with the commonly utilized differential abundance tests to better understand the role of the gut microbiome in health and disease.

关键词： bioinformatics gut microbiome multiple sclerosis topic modeling

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An integrated genetic-epigenetic analysis shed light on the mechanisms linking coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and cancer

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Cancer Communications 2021年第4期41卷 349-353页

作者： Zheng Dong Huiguang Yi Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish Columbia V5Z 4H4Canada Genome Science and Technology Graduate Program University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish Columbia V5Z 4S6Canada Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgia 30602USA

Dear editor,The Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is an emerging disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection[1,2].It has spread rapidly across the world and caused a global health *** of 10 February 2021,COVID-19 has caused 2,333,446 deaths *** majority of COVID-19 deaths had comorbidities including cancer[1,2].

关键词： cancer acute respiratory

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SAIGE-GENE+ improves the efficiency and accuracy of set-based rare variant association tests (vol 54, pg 1446, 2022)

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NATURE GENETICS 2022年第11期54卷 1755-1755页

作者： Zhou, Wei Bi, Wenjian Zhao, Zhangchen Dey, Kushal K. Jagadeesh, Karthik A. Karczewski, Konrad J. Daly, Mark J. Neale, Benjamin M. Lee, Seunggeun Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge MA USA Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge MA USA Department of Medical Genetics School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University Beijing China Center for Statistical Genetics University of Michigan School of Public Health Ann Arbor MI USA Department of Biostatistics University of Michigan School of Public Health Ann Arbor MI USA Department of Epidemiology Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA USA Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Graduate School of Data Science Seoul National University Seoul Korea

Several biobanks, including UK Biobank (UKBB), are generating large-scale sequencing data. An existing method, SAIGE-GENE, performs well when testing variants with minor allele frequency (MAF) ≤ 1%, but inflation is observed in variance component set-based tests when restricting to variants with MAF ≤ 0.1% or 0.01%. Here, we propose SAIGE-GENE+ with greatly improved type I error control and computational efficiency to facilitate rare variant tests in large-scale data. We further show that incorporating multiple MAF cutoffs and functional annotations can improve power and thus uncover new gene–phenotype associations. In the analysis of UKBB whole exome sequencing data for 30 quantitative and 141 binary traits, SAIGE-GENE+ identified 551 gene–phenotype associations.

关键词： Genome-wide association studies Software

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Beyond the waves: Unraveling pandemic outcomes with genomic insights and immunity analysis – Evidence from 14 countries

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Preventive Medicine 2024年 178卷 107820-107820页

作者： Jang, Yung-An Wu, Hsiao-Yu Hsu, Ya-Ting Chen, Yi-Kai Chiou, Hung-Yi Sytwu, Huey-Kang Chen, Wei J. Tsou, Hsiao-Hui Institute of Population Health Sciences National Health Research Institutes Zhunan Miaoli County Taiwan School of Public Health College of Public Health Taipei Medical University Taiwan Master Program in Applied Epidemiology College of Public Health Taipei Medical University Taiwan National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology National Health Research Institutes Taiwan Center for Neuropsychiatric Research National Health Research Institutes Taiwan Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine College of Public Health National Taiwan University Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biostatistics College of Public Health China Medical University Taiwan

Objective: Although the World Health Organization and many governments have recategorized COVID-19 as a generally mild to moderately severe disease, consecutive pandemic waves driven by immune escape variants have underscored the need for timely and accurate prediction of the next outbreak. Nevertheless, little attention has been paid to translating genomic data and infection- and vaccine-induced immunity into direct estimates. Methods: We retrieved epidemiologic and genomic data shortly before pandemic waves across 14 developed countries from late 2021 to mid-2022 and examined associations between early-stage variant competition, infection- and vaccine-induced immunity, and the time intervals between wave peaks. We applied regression analysis and the generalized estimating equation method to construct an inferential model. Results: Each per cent increase in the proportion of a new variant was associated with a 1.0% reduction in interpeak intervals on average. Curvilinear associations between vaccine-induced immunity and outcome variables were observed, suggesting that reaching a critical vaccine distribution rate may decrease the caseload of the upcoming wave. Conclusions: By leveraging readily accessible pre-outbreak genomic and epidemiologic data, our results not only substantiate the predictive potential of early variant fractions but also propose that immunity acquired through infection alone may not sufficiently mitigate transmission. Conversely, a rapid and widespread vaccination initiative appears to be correlated with a decrease in disease incidence. © 2023 The Authors

关键词： COVID-19 GEE Genome surveillance multinational immunity Omicron epidemic curves inferential

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Primary Care Informatics Response to Covid-19 Pandemic: Adaptation, Progress, and Lessons from Four Countries with High ICT Development

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Yearbook of Medical Informatics 2021年第1期30卷 44-55页

作者： Liaw, Siaw-Teng Kuziemsky, Craig Schreiber, Richard Jonnagaddala, Jitendra Liyanage, Harshana Chittalia, Aliasgar Bahniwal, Ravninder He, Jennifer W. Ryan, Bridget L. Lizotte, Daniel J. Kueper, Jacqueline K. Terry, Amanda L. de Lusignan, Simon WHO Collaborating Centre on eHealth UNSW Sydney Australia MacEwan University Edmonton AB Canada Penn State Health Holy Spirit Medical Center Camp Hill PA United States Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences University of Oxford United Kingdom Family Practice Center PA United States Schulich Interfaculty Program in Public Health Western University London Canada Graduate Program in Epidemiology and Biostatistics Western University London Canada Centre for Studies in Family Medicine Department of Family Medicine Western University London Canada Department of Computer Science Western University London Canada

OBJECTIVE: Internationally, primary care practice had to transform in response to the COVID pandemic. Informatics issues included access, privacy, and security, as well as patient concerns of equity, safety, quality, and trust. This paper describes progress and lessons learned. METHODS: IMIA Primary Care Informatics Working Group members from Australia, Canada, United Kingdom and United States developed a standardised template for collection of information. The template guided a rapid literature review. We also included experiential learning from primary care and public health perspectives. RESULTS: All countries responded rapidly. Common themes included rapid reductions then transformation to virtual visits, pausing of non-COVID related informatics projects, all against a background of non-standardized digital development and disparate territory or state regulations and guidance. Common barriers in these four and in less-resourced countries included disparities in internet access and availability including bandwidth limitations when internet access was available, initial lack of coding standards, and fears of primary care clinicians that patients were delaying care despite the availability of televisits. CONCLUSIONS: Primary care clinicians were able to respond to the COVID crisis through telehealth and electronic record enabled change. However, the lack of coordinated national strategies and regulation, assurance of financial viability, and working in silos remained limitations. The potential for primary care informatics to transform current practice was highlighted. More research is needed to confirm preliminary observations and trends noted. IMIA and Thieme. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, tran

关键词： health policy Primary Health Care public health severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Telemedicine

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Risk Factors for Viral Non-Suppression among People Living with HIV and Major Depressive Disorder in Uganda

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World Journal of AIDS 2022年第2期12卷 43-54页

作者： Lilian Bulage Benedict Akimana Justine D. Namuli Seggane Musisi Josephine Birungi Micheal Etukoit Ramin Mojtabai Jean B. Nachega Edward J. Mills Etheldreda Nakimuli-Mpungu African Field Epidemiology Network Kampala Uganda Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program Kampala Uganda Ministry of Health Butabika National Referral Mental Hospital Kampala Uganda Department of Psychiatry College of Health Sciences Makerere University Kampala Uganda The AIDS Support Organization (TASO) Kampala Uganda Department of Mental Health Bloomberg’s School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore USA Departments of Epidemiology Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Graduate School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh USA Center for Infectious Disease Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa Departments of International Health and Epidemiology Bloomberg’s School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore USA Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics McMaster University Hamilton Canada

Background: Several studies indicate that depression is associated with non-viral suppression among persons living with HIV (PLWH) using antiretroviral therapy (ART) worldwide. However, among PLWH with major depressive disorder, factors associated with non-viral suppression remain uncertain. We determined the prevalence and identified the factors associated with viral non-suppression among PLWH with major depressive disorder using ART in Northern Uganda. Method: A total of 30 primary care HIV clinics across three northern districts (Gulu, Kitgum, Pader) participated in the study. Using baseline data from the SEEK-GSP study, a cluster-randomized trial in northern Uganda (2016-2019) that involved 1140 PLWH with mild to moderate major depressive disorder;we examined the demographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors using standardized questionnaires. Data on viral load was abstracted from clinic records and dichotomized into suppressed (Results: We recruited 1140 PLWH. The viral non-suppression prevalence was 12.2%. In multivariable analysis, the only baseline psychosocial variable independently associated with non-viral suppression was suicide risk (PRR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.05 - 2.32, p-value = 0.029). The prevalence odds for non-viral suppression were 56% higher among depressed PLWH with moderate to high suicide risk than those with low suicide risk. Among clinical variables, duration on ART ≥ 4 years was independently associated with non-viral suppression (PRR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.09 - 2.32, p-value = 0.015). Conclusions: Suicide risk and longer duration on ART are associated with non-viral suppression among anti-retroviral therapy users with mild to moderate major depressive disorder in Uganda. As ART is scaled up across Sub-Saharan Africa, first-line psychological care for depression and its complications is urgently needed in established HIV treatment centers.

关键词： Depression Suicide Risk Anti-Retroviral Therapy Viral Suppression Uganda

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Functional characterization of Alzheimer’s disease genetic variants in microglia

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Nature Genetics 2023年第10期55卷 1735-1744页

作者： Yang, Xiaoyu Wen, Jia Yang, Han Jones, Ian R. Zhu, Xiaodong Liu, Weifang Li, Bingkun Clelland, Claire D. Luo, Wenjie Wong, Man Ying Ren, Xingjie Cui, Xiekui Song, Michael Liu, Hongjiang Chen, Cady Eng, Nicolas Ravichandran, Mirunalini Sun, Yang Lee, David Van Buren, Eric Jiang, Min-Zhi Chan, Candace S. Y. Ye, Chun Jimmie Perera, Rushika M. Gan, Li Li, Yun Shen, Yin Institute for Human Genetics University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA United States Department of Genetics University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC United States Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics Graduate Program University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA United States Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer’s Disease Research Institute Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute Weill Cornell Medicine New York City NY United States Department of Biostatistics University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC United States Department of Neurology University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA United States Weill Institute for Neurosciences University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA United States Department of Anatomy University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA United States Division of Rheumatology Department of Medicine University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA United States Department of Biostatistics Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA United States Tetrad Graduate Program University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA United States Rosalind Russell/Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA United States Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA United States Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy San Francisco CA United States Chan Zuckerberg Biohub San Francisco CA United States Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA United States Department of Pathology University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA United States Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA United States Department of Computer Science University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC United States

Candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs) in microglia demonstrate the most substantial enrichment for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) heritability compared to other brain cell types. However, whether and how these genome-wide association studies (GWAS) variants contribute to AD remain elusive. Here we prioritize 308 previously unreported AD risk variants at 181 cCREs by integrating genetic information with microglia-specific 3D epigenome annotation. We further establish the link between functional variants and target genes by single-cell CRISPRi screening in microglia. In addition, we show that AD variants exhibit allelic imbalance on target gene expression. In particular, rs7922621 is the effective variant in controlling TSPAN14 expression among other nominated variants in the same cCRE and exerts multiple physiological effects including reduced cell surface ADAM10 and altered soluble TREM2 (sTREM2) shedding. Our work represents a systematic approach to prioritize and characterize AD-associated variants and provides a roadmap for advancing genetic association to experimentally validated cell-type-specific phenotypes and mechanisms. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.

关键词： Epigenomics Functional genomics

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