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Landscape Design for Improved Thermal Environment: An Optimized Tree Arrangement Design for Climate-Responsive Outdoor Spaces in Residential Buildings

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Kim, Ji Yeon Park, Chae Yeon Hyun, Jung Hee Kim, Sang Hyuck Yun, Seok Hwan Lee, Dong Kun Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of Integrated Major in Smart City Global Convergence Program Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of Specialized Graduate School of Intelligent Eco-Science Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of Smart Green Solution team SK forest Seoul Korea Republic of National Institute for Environmental Studies 16-2 Onogawa Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8506 Japan Systemic Risk and Resilience Research Group Advancing Systems Analysis International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Austria Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural System Engineering Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of

The heat reduction effect of trees has been investigated through numerical simulations;however, there are still challenges to applying the scientific results to the planning process due to the model's complexity and the computational resources required. This study investigates a rapid spatial evaluation method for heat stress potential, measured by mean radiant temperature (MRT), by decomposing radiation into sub-radiation using a multilayer MRT model. This method also enables the reproduction of optimized layouts considering the effect of tree arrangement in residential buildings. Multi-objectives were achieved through an evolutionary algorithm, resulting in more effective design layouts combining tree types and arrangements, all within a standard budget. By adopting this study's approach, landscape designers can create climate-responsive tree layouts with reduced heat exposure and generate customized planting designs tailored to their preferences. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Decision making

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Shared alleles and genetic structures in different Thai domestic cat breeds: the possible influence of common racial origins

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Genomics and Informatics 2024年第1期22卷 1-15页

作者： Jaito, Wattanawan Singchat, Worapong Patta, Chananya Thatukan, Chadaphon Kumnan, Nichakorn Chalermwong, Piangjai Budi, Trifan Panthum, Thitipong Wongloet, Wongsathit Wattanadilokchatkun, Pish Thong, Thanyapat Muangmai, Narongrit Han, Kyudong Duengkae, Prateep Phatcharakullawarawat, Rattanin Srikulnath, Kornsorn Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit) Faculty of Science Kasetsart University 50 Ngamwongwan Chatuchak Bangkok 10900 Thailand Sciences for Industry Faculty of Science Kasetsart University 50 Ngamwongwan Chatuchak Bangkok 10900 Thailand Mind Pets Animal Hospital 169/10 Khlongsongtonnun Latkrabang Bangkok 10520 Thailand Special Research Unit for Wildlife Genomics (SRUWG) Department of Forest Biology Faculty of Forestry Kasetsart University 50 Ngamwongwan Chatuchak Bangkok 10900 Thailand Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Bioscience Faculty of Science Kasetsart University 50 Ngamwongwan Chatuchak Bangkok 10900 Thailand Department of Fishery Biology Faculty of Fisheries Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand Department of Microbiology Dankook University Cheonan 31116 South Korea Bio-Medical Engineering Core Facility Research Center Dankook University Cheonan 31116 South Korea Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Comparative Genomics (ACCG) Department of Genetics Faculty of Science Kasetsart University 50 Ngamwongwan Chatuchak Bangkok 10900 Thailand Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources National Research University-Kasetsart University Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand

Over hundreds of years, cats have been domesticated and selectively bred, resulting in numerous pedigreed breeds expedited by recent cat shows and breeding associations. Concerns have been raised about the limited breeding options and the genetic implications of inbreeding, indicating challenges in maintaining genetic diversity and accurate identification in purebred cats. In this study, genetic variability and structure were examined in 5 Thai domestic cat breeds using 15 microsatellite markers and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop sequencing. In total, 184 samples representing the Wichien Maat (WCM), Suphalak (SL), Khao-Manee (KM), Korat (KR), and Konja (KJ) breeds were analyzed. High genetic diversity (H_o and H_e > 0.5) was observed in all breeds, and mtDNA analysis revealed two primary haplogroups (A and B) that were shared among all domestic cat breeds in Thailand and globally. However, minor differences were observed between Thai domestic cat breeds based on clustering analyses, in which a distinct genetic structure was observed in the WCM breed. This suggests that allele fixation for distinctive morphological traits has occurred in Thai domestic cat breeds that emerged in isolated regions with shared racial origins. Analysis of relationships among individuals within the breed revealed high identification efficiency in Thai domestic cat breeds (P_(ID)sibs < 10⁻⁴). Additionally, diverse and effective individual identification can be ensured by optimizing marker efficiency by using only nine loci. This comprehensive genetic characterization provides valuable insights into conservation strategies and breeding practices for Thai domestic cat breeds. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Clustering Individual identification Microsatellite Siamese cat

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Sequential Action-Based Dynamic Decision-Support Model for Urban Ecological Planning

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Kim, Eun Sub Yun, Seok Hwan Kim, Ji Yeon Thorne, James H. Hyun, Jung Hee Lee, Dong Kun Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Integrated Major in Smart City Global Convergence Program Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Specialized Graduate School of Intelligent Eco-Science 4 Dept. of Landscape Architecture Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Smart Green Solution Team SK forest Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of California One Shields Ave DavisCA95616 United States Systemic Risk and Resilience Research Group Advancing Systems Analysis International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Austria Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural System Engineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of

Decision-makers often encounter the challenge of efficient long-term ecological planning to consider economic and environmental trade-offs. However, tools to support stepwise mitigation strategies that account for dynamic ecological responses to continuing urban development are limited. Therefore, we developed a sequential action-based dynamic decision-making model to simulate stepwise mitigation measures in space over time using a multi-objective optimization algorithm. We focused on exploring the ecological corridors and habitat creation as mitigation measures through four decades to identify trade-offs and optimal plans that minimize landscape connectivity and edge density as ecological responses to urban development and minimize implementation costs per action. The results showed that adopting an initial low-investment strategy with sequential planning significantly enhanced potential ecological benefits beyond the 2000s compared with one-action planning. In contrast, the initial high-cost investment exhibited a gradual decline in the ecological benefits over time from 1995. The initial low-cost investment presented an opportunity to enhance ecological benefits by implementing early mitigation measures in locations capable of sustaining long-term ecological functions. The results suggest that sequential planning offers valuable insights into effective urban ecological planning by analyzing time-series data. This study enables step-by-step scenario testing, thereby supporting the facilitation of urban and regional sustainability planning. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Decision making

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A Hybrid Optimization Approach Towards Energy Recovery from Torrefied Waste Blends

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Silveira, Edgar Amaral Chaves, Bruno Santanna Macedo, Lucélia A. Ghesti, Grace F. Evaristo, Rafael B.W. Lamas, Giulia Cruz Luz, Sandra M. de Paula Protásio, Thiago Rousset, Patrick Mechanical Sciences Graduate Program University of Brasília DF Brasília Brazil Forest Engineering Department University of Brasília DF Brasília70910-900 Brazil Laboratory of Brewing Bioprocesses and Catalysis to Renewable Energy Chemistry Institute University of Brasilia DF Brasilia70910-900 Brazil Pará Parauapebas68515-000 Brazil CIRAD UPR BioWooEB MontpellierF-34398 France BioWooEB Univ. Montpellier CIRAD Montpellier France

Waste-to-energy has gained momentum as a valorization pathway for resource-efficient strategies. Previous studies assessed the improvement of single biomass sources by torrefaction, evoking its potential in optimizing solid renewable fuel. However, as commercial torrefaction expands, the common feedstock will likely be a biomasses blend. Therefore, property improvement of the biomasses and their blends is required to elevate commercial product value. This article proposes a hybrid approach based on multicriteria decision methods (MCDM) and response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the definition of Urban forest Waste (UFW) blends and their torrefaction. First, the physicochemical characteristics (proximate, ultimate, and calorific) of six urban wood waste ( Mangifera indica, Ficus benjamina, Pelthophorum dubium, Persea americana, Anadenanthera colubrina, Tapirira guianensis ) were assessed. Then, based on the understanding that wastes rely on distinct species that do not always show promising properties for conversion, an optimum blend (OB) was determined by MCDM. Next, the OB was subjected to inert (nitrogen) torrefaction in macro-thermogravimetric equipment (residence time (20–60 min) and temperature (225–275 °C). Finally, the process parameters were optimized using a central composite design (RSM-CCD) model, providing the optimum torrefaction condition and a torrefied optimum blend (TOB). As the main application of biomass for urban integration is direct combustion, the main properties and combustion behavior of optimized blends were assessed. The MCDM and RSM-CCD provided a superior solid biofuel (TOB) with lower ash (2.67%), a higher heating value of 20.87 *** -1 , and more stable combustion with a less costly torrefaction (273 °C for 40 min). In addition, the blend optimization reduced by 28.4% the nitrogen content in TOB compared to non-optimized biomass, providing a solid biofuel with a lower potential of NO emissions in further applications. The resu

关键词： Biomass

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A Hybrid Optimization Approach Towards Energy Recovery from Torrefied Waste Blends

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Silveira, Edgar Amaral Chaves, Bruno Santanna Macedo, Lucélia Ghesti, Grace F. Evaristo, Rafael B.W. Lamas, Giulia Cruz Luz, Sandra M. de Paula Protásio, Thiago Rousset, Patrick Mechanical Sciences Graduate Program University of Brasília Brasília – DF Brazil Forest Engineering Department University of Brasília DF Brasília70910-900 Brazil Laboratory of Brewing Bioprocesses and Catalysis to Renewable Energy Chemistry Institute University of Brasilia Brasilia-DF70910-900 Brazil Parauapebas Pará CEP 68515-000 Brazil CIRAD UPR BioWooEB MontpellierF-34398 France BioWooEB Univ. Montpellier CIRAD Montpellier France

The bottleneck of urban forest waste (UFW) as biofuel relies on surpassing its logistical management, feedstock supply, heterogeneity, and property drawbacks. This article proposes a hybrid approach based on multicriteria decision methods (MCDM) and response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the definition of UFW blends and their torrefaction (temperature and process time). First, the physicochemical characteristics (proximate, ultimate, and calorific) of six wood wastes (Mangifera indica, Ficus benjamina, Pelthophorum dubium, Persea americana, Anadenanthera colubrina and Tapirira guianensis) were assessed. Then, based on the understanding that wastes rely on distinct species that do not show promising properties as biofuels, an optimum blend (OB) was determined by MCDM. Next, the OB torrefaction was optimized using a central composite design (RSM-CCD) model. Therefore, providing the optimum condition and a torrefied optimum blend (TOB). Finally, the approach was validated by assessing optimized blends' properties, combustion behavior, and gaseous emissions. The methodology provided a TOB with lower ash (2.67%), a higher heating value of 20.87 ***-1, reduced nitrogen content (up to 39.65%) and more stable combustion resulting in a superior solid biofuel with a lower potential of NO-emissions in further applications. The results might guide resource-efficient urban planning and insights into urban feedstock proception. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Waste management

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Indicators for Monitoring Selective Logging in the Brazilian Amazon Derived from Airborne Laser Scanning Technology

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Barros, Quétila Souza Neves d' Oliveira, Marcus Vinicio da Silva, Evandro Ferreira Görgens, Eric Bastos de Mendonça, Adriano Ribeiro da Silva, Gilson Fernandes Gomes, Leilson Ferreira Reis, Cristiano Rodrigues de Carvalho, Anelena Lima de Oliveira, Erica Karolina Barros Rodrigues, Nívea Maria Mafra Rocha, Quinny Soares Center for Biological and Nature Sciences AC Rio Branco69915-90 Brazil Rodovia BR-364 km 14 AC Rio Branco69900-970 Brazil University Campus of Altamira Street Cel. José Porfírio 2515 São Sebastião PA Altamira68372-040 Brazil Department of Forest Engineering MG Diamantina39447-790 Brazil Department of Forestry and Wood Science Avenue Governor Lindemberg 316 Jeronimo Monteiro ES 29550-000 Brazil University of Brasília Graduate Program in Applied Geosciences and Geodynamic Institute of Geosciences Brasília Brazil Federal University of São Paulo Department of Forest Sciences Campus "Luiz de Queiroz" Avenue Pádua Dias nº11 Piracicaba13418-900 Brazil Federal University of Acre UFAC Forest Campus Multidisciplinary Center Forest Campus Road Canela Fina Cruzeiro do Sul AC 69980000 Brazil Forest Engineer MG Teófilo Otoni39803-135 Brazil School of Agriculture Botucatu Brazil

Monitoring reduced-impact logging (RIL) forest management activities in large and complex areas such as the Brazilian Amazon is an expensive and imprecise activity. Airborne Laser scanning (LiDAR) allows for estimating structural parameters for large areas of the forest quickly and accurately. Herein we propose and evaluate the applicability of five RIL indicators based on LiDAR for areas under a forest concession regime. Five Annual Production Units (APUs) were studied in the forest Management Unit (FMU) III of the Jamari National forest located the Southwest of the Brazilian Amazon. These locations were flown over by LiDAR in 2014 and 2015. Digital Terrain (DTM), Surface (DSM), and Canopy Height (CHM) Digital Models were made for each APU. The proposed indicators were: i. dominant and codominant trees;ii. the presence of gaps;iii. impacts on the understory;iv. Canopy vertical profile;and v. Permanent Preservation Areas (PPA) and restrictive areas. The main results were: 3.95% reduction in the occurrence of higher canopy crowns after logging;greater occurrence of small gaps (λ > 1), in which λ values were higher in APU 1 (2.34), with an older exploration history;Gini coefficient values in all locations were lower than 0.5, revealing the low intensity of disturbances in the forest canopy;γ and β parameters of the understory and canopy were not significantly correlated with factors of selective logging;impacts of exploitation on PPAs and restricted areas were less than 2%. The results demonstrate that the proposed LiDAR-derived indicators showed potential for monitoring managed areas in the Amazon. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Optical radar

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Actual Evapotranspiration for Sugarcane Based on Bowen Ratio-Energy Balance and Soil Water Balance Models with Optimized Crop Coefficients.

Research Square

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Research Square 2021年

作者： da Costa Faria Martins, Suelen dos Santos, Marcos Alex Lyra, Gustavo Bastos de Souza, José Leonaldo Lyra, Guilherme Bastos Teodoro, Iêdo Ferreira, Fábio Freitas Ferreira, Ricardo Araújo dos Santos Almeida, Alexsandro Claudio de Souza, Renan Cantalice Graduate Program in Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Institute of Technology Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro Seropédica Rio de Janeiro23.890-000 Brazil Agricultural Science Center Federal University of Alagoas AL Rio Largo57100-000 Brazil Department of Environmental Sciences Forest Institute Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro Seropédica Rio de Janeiro23.890-000 Brazil Department of Natural Sciences Institute of Humanity and Health Fluminense Federal University Rio das Ostras RJ 28895-532 Brazil

Evapotranspiration is an important parameter to evaluate soil water deficit and water use efficiency, especially at places with irregularly distributed precipitation. The aim of this study was to assess the daily actual evapotranspiration (ETa) estimated by the Thornthwaite and Mather soil water balance method adapted for crops (ThM) and by the dual Kc approach with the crop coefficients optimized from inversing modeling and by the adjustment procedure suggested in FAO-56. The models comparison and optimization were performed with actual evapotranspiration determined by the Bowen ratio – energy balance method (ETβ) for sugarcane at full canopy closure grown in Alagoas State, Northeastern Brazil. The objective function of the inverse problem was defined in terms of ETβ and ETa estimated by the ThM and dual Kc method by optimizing single crop coefficient (Kc) and the basal coefficient Kcb, respectively. Both optimized Kc and Kcb were lower than the adjusted Kc FAO56, with optimized Kc only 3% less than the Kc obtained experimentally. ETa estimated by ThM and dual Kc models with optimized crop coefficients (Kc = 1.05 or Kcb = 1.00) had similar high precision (r2 > 0.79) and accuracy (dm > 0.93 and RMSE -1), whereas using the coefficients derived from FAO 56 overestimated ETa in both models. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Evapotranspiration

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GSOR02 Presentation Time: 2:35 PM

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Brachytherapy 2021年第3期20卷 S49-S50页

作者： Babawale, Odunola Grace, Medical Physics Campelo, Sabrina, Medical Physics, MS Meltsner, Sheridan G., Medical Physics, PhD Chang, Zheng, Medical Physics, PhD Wang, Chunhao, Medical Physics, PhD Chino, Junzo, Doctor of Medicine Craciunescu, Oana, Medical Physics, PhD Medical Physics Graduate Program Duke University Durham NC USA Biomedical Engineering and Sciences Virginia Tech - Wake Forest University Blacksburg VA USA Department of Radiation Oncology Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA

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Native diversity buffers against severity of non-native tree invasions ( vol 621,pg 773 , 2023 )

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NATURE 2023年第7982期622卷 E2-E2页

作者： Delavaux, Camille S. Crowther, Thomas W. Zohner, Constantin M. Robmann, Niamh M. Lauber, Thomas van den Hoogen, Johan Kuebbing, Sara Liang, Jingjing de-Miguel, Sergio Nabuurs, Gert-Jan Reich, Peter B. Abegg, Meinrad Yao, Yves C. Adou Alberti, Giorgio Zambrano, Angelica M. Almeyda Alvarado, Braulio Vilchez Alvarez-Davila, Esteban Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia Alves, Luciana F. Ammer, Christian Anton-Fernandez, Clara Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro Arroyo, Luzmila Avitabile, Valerio Aymard, Gerardo A. Baker, Timothy R. Balazy, Radomir Banki, Olaf Barroso, Jorcely G. Bastian, Meredith L. Bastin, Jean-Francois Birigazzi, Luca Birnbaum, Philippe Bitariho, Robert Boeckx, Pascal Bongers, Frans Bouriaud, Olivier Brancalion, Pedro H. S. Brandl, Susanne Brienen, Roel Broadbent, Eben N. Bruelheide, Helge Bussotti, Filippo Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla Cesar, Ricardo G. Cesljar, Goran Chazdon, Robin Chen, Han Y. H. Chisholm, Chelsea Cho, Hyunkook Cienciala, Emil Clark, Connie Clark, David Colletta, Gabriel D. Coomes, David A. Valverde, Fernando Cornejo Corral-Rivas, Jose J. Crim, Philip M. Cumming, Jonathan R. Dayanandan, Selvadurai de Gasper, Andre L. Decuyper, Mathieu Derroire, Geraldine DeVries, Ben Djordjevic, Ilija Dolezal, Jiri Dourdain, Aurelie Obiang, Nestor Laurier Engone Enquist, Brian J. Eyre, Teresa J. Fandohan, Adande Belarmain Fayle, Tom M. Feldpausch, Ted R. Ferreira, Leandro V. Fischer, Markus Fletcher, Christine Frizzera, Lorenzo Gamarra, Javier G. P. Gianelle, Damiano Glick, Henry B. Harris, David J. Hector, Andrew Hemp, Andreas Hengeveld, Geerten Herault, Bruno Herbohn, John L. Herold, Martin Hillers, Annika Coronado, Euridice N. Honorio Hui, Cang Ibanez, Thomas T. Amaral, Ieda Imai, Nobuo Jagodzinski, Andrzej M. Jaroszewicz, Bogdan Johannsen, Vivian Kvist Joly, Carlos A. Jucker, Tommaso Jung, Ilbin Karminov, Viktor Kartawinata, Kuswata Kearsley, Elizabeth Kenfack, David Kennard, Deborah K. Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian Keppel, Gunnar Khan, Mohammed Latif Killeen, Timothy J. Kim, Hyun Seok Kitayama, Kanehiro Kohl, Michael Korju Institute of Integrative Biology ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology) Zurich Switzerland Department of Genetics Evolution and Environment University College London London UK The Forest School at The Yale School of the Environment Yale University New Haven CT USA Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA Department of Agriculture Forestry and Bioresources Seoul National University Seoul South Korea Department of Crop and Forest Sciences University of Lleida Lleida Spain Joint Research Unit CTFC–AGROTECNIO–CERCA Solsona Spain Wageningen University and Research Wageningen The Netherlands World Agroforestry (ICRAF) Nairobi Kenya Department of Forest Resources University of Minnesota St Paul MN USA Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith New South Wales Australia Institute for Global Change Biology and School for Environment and Sustainability University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland UFR Biosciences University Félix Houphouët-Boigny Abidjan Côte d’Ivoire Department of Agricultural Food Environmental and Animal Sciences University of Udine Udine Italy Faculty of Science and Technology Free University of Bolzano Bolzano Italy Spatial Ecology and Conservation Laboratory Department of Tourism Recreation and Sport Management University of Florida Gainesville FL USA Forestry School Tecnológico de Costa Rica TEC Cartago Costa Rica Fundacion ConVida Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia UNAD Medellin Colombia Field Museum of Natural Histiory Chicago IL USA Center for Tropical Research Institute of the Environment and Sustainability UCLA Los Angeles CA USA Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany Division of Forest and Forest Resources Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO) Ås Norway Museo de Hi

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Unequal access to social, environmental and health amenities in US urban parks

Nature Cities

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Nature Cities 2024年 861-870页

作者： Richelle L. Winkler Jeffrey A. G. Clark Dexter H. Locke Peleg Kremer Myla F. J. Aronson Fushcia-Ann Hoover Hogyeum Evan Joo Daniele La Rosa KangJae Jerry Lee Susannah B. Lerman Hamil Pearsall Timothy L. V. Vargo Charles H. Nilon Christopher A. Lepczyk United States Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service Kansas City MO USA Natural Areas Conservancy New York NY USA USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station Baltimore MD USA Department of Geography and the Environment Villanova University Villanova PA USA Department of Ecology Evolution and Natural Resources Rutgers The State University of New Jersey New Brunswick NJ USA Department of Earth Environmental and Geographical Sciences University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte NC USA Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolution Rutgers The State University of New Jersey New Brunswick NJ USA Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture University of Catania Catania Italy Department of Parks Recreation and Tourism University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station Amherst MA USA Department of Geography and Urban Studies Temple University Philadelphia PA USA Urban Ecology Center Milwaukee WI USA School of Natural Resources University of Missouri Columbia MO USA College of Forestry Wildlife and Environment Auburn University Auburn AL USA

Urban parks provide vital social, environmental and health benefits to residents. However, the spatial distribution of parks, and the amenities they provide, may not be equitably distributed within cities. We examine the accessibility of urban parks with different social, environmental and health amenities by race and ethnicity. We identified 122,988 urban parks across the USA, measured the racial/ethnic population distribution within a 10-min walkshed around each park and compared these distributions to the overall demographics of the city. We found that the spatial distribution of parks as well as park amenities differ according to the neighborhood demographics. Racial/ethnic compositions of neighborhoods surrounding parks tend to be whiter than other parts of the same cities, though there are regional differences. Parks in predominantly white neighborhoods are cooler in the summer and have more tree cover compared with parks in neighborhoods with greater proportions of Hispanic and Black residents. Differences in amenities hold across regions of the country. Our study demonstrates that inequities in access to high-quality parks are widespread across the USA.

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