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Multi-Organ Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies for Cystic Fibrosis

Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第5期12卷 312-329页

作者： Oluwaseun Babatunde Ogonna William David Richard Ifeanyichukwu Ikwugbado Oluwaseyi Oyewole Fetal Research and Therapy Program Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine Winston-Salem NC USA Department of Chemistry University of Houston Houston TX USA Biotechnology Graduate Program School of Sciences and Engineering The American University in Cairo New Cairo Egypt

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is the most common lethal autosomal inherited disorder that affects all races and ethnicities in the United States. However, it is mostly predominant in the Caucasian populace accounting for about 80% of all CF cases. CF most severe complication can be referred to as pulmonary bronchiectasis and infections of the airways, nonetheless, the devastating effects of the disease have far-reaching consequences beyond lung damage. CF is a heterogeneous disease that is caused by mutations in Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene. The impairment or absence of this gene can affect multiple organs and systems and is characterized not only by chronic lung blockage, infections, and inflammation but also by exocrine gland dysfunction, intestinal obstruction, liver pathology, elevated sweat chloride concentration, and in males, infertility due to the congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens. To this end, we briefly explore the pathological effects of CF and how CF mediates the destruction of several critical organs in the body and some of the gene therapeutical approaches such as gene editing and viral-based strategies available for the treatment of this multi-organ disease.

关键词： Cystic Fibrosis Gene Therapy Organ Damage

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Correlations between water quality and precipitation in areas with different levels of human occupation

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International Journal of Energy and Water Resources 2021年第1期5卷 25-31页

作者： Rodrigues, Lucas Augusto Pereira Radomski, Fernando Aparecido Dias Godoy, Rodrigo Felipe Bedim Trevisan, Elias Crisigiovanni, Enzo Luigi Department of Environment State University of Maringá Maringá-PR Brazil Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering Federal University of Paraná Curitiba-PR Brazil Graduate Program in Forest Sciences Unicentro Guarapuava-PR Brazil

Riverine water is largely used for human consumption and it is well known that its quality is correlated to many external factors. Because of that, this study evaluated linear correlations between precipitation and several water quality parameters using data collected from Antas’ river (Paraná, Brazil) at locations with different levels of human occupation aiming to identify water quality irregularities related to these important external factors, especially at a point surrounded by preserved vegetation. The statistical analyses were made using Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient (r) and the open source programming software, R. The results showed that precipitation has moderate to strong correlation with turbidity, true color, total coliforms and E. coli (0.99 ≥ r ≥ 0.44), and also has weak to moderate correlations with pH (− 0.39 ≥ r ≥ − 0.58) and biochemical oxygen demand (0.48 ≥ r ≥ 0.36), regardless of the level of human occupation nearby. The high correlations observed for E. coli and total coliforms in an area protected by native vegetation, probably due to adjacent rural activities, represents a novel and major finding. Dissolved oxygen and temperature showed no significant correlations with rainfall volume (0.26 ≥ r ≥ − 0.19). Since Brazilian law ensures that water quality parameters must be measured and considered in projects of water resources management, the proposed methodology seems to be promising for government policies applications, since it comprises only simple analyzes and a free software for simulations. © Islamic Azad University (IAU) 2021.

关键词： Hydrology R software Rainfall Spatial data Statistical analysis

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Pantanal wetland wildfires are associated with drought in interconnected biomes

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Natural Hazards 2025年 1-27页

作者： de Sousa, Bruna Rodrigues Fonseca, Humberto Paiva Arévalo, Santiago Maria Márquez Lorenzon, Alexandre Simões Torres, Fillipe Tamiozzo Pereira do Amaral, Cibele Hummel Applied Meteorology Graduate Program Federal University of Vicosa Viçosa Brasil Forest Science Graduate Program Federal University of Vicosa Viçosa Brasil Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado Boulder USA Environmental Data Science Innovation and Inclusion Lab University of Colorado Boulder USA Earth Lab University of Colorado Boulder USA

Pantanal is the largest tropical wetland in the world and has been extremely affected by these wildfires recently, such as in 2020 and 2024. The largest rivers that supply the Pantanal originate in the Brazilian highlands (“plateau”), so the availability of surface water in the biome (“plain”) is strongly associated with the hydrological dynamics and land use and cover of surrounding biomes such as the Amazon, Cerrado, and Atlantic forest. Although the hydrological connections between these biomes and the local factors contributing to wildfires have been well explored, there appears to be a lack of comprehensive studies at a macro-scale that demonstrate the associations between historical above-average fires in the Pantanal and the climatic and biospheric conditions of its hydrologically interconnected biomes. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze a 32-year historical series (1989–2020) of burned areas in the Pantanal and identify the drivers of above-average wildfires. We explored local environmental variables as well as those of surrounding biomes. We found that 13 out of 32 analyzed years stand out for a total burned area above normal, and only 1999 showed a larger burned area than 2020. The results of this study demonstrate that water dynamics from soil to atmosphere, such as decreased soil moisture, vegetation moisture and evapotranspiration, and increased drought, including during previous years, in the Pantanal and the surrounding forested biomes (Amazon and Atlantic forest) are associated with the occurrence of above-average wildfires in the Pantanal wetland. In addition, the 32-year trend analysis revealed that widespread drought has increased in the Pantanal and all analyzed interconnected biomes, indicating that the world’s largest tropical wetland will likely see more above-average wildfires. Our results have implications for macro-scale adaptive management, integrated watershed management, fire risk early detection, and the preparedness of teams respon

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Enhanced Carbon Flux Forecasting via STL Decomposition and Hybrid ARIMA-ES-LSTM Model in Amazon forest

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 84713-84726页

作者： Dias, Jean A. C. Guimarães, Pedro H. Do V. Pereira, Williane G. S. Tamasauskas, Leonardo De O. Gomes, Marivan S. Correa, Alan B. S. Figueiredo, Karla Costa, Gilson Costa, Gabriel Brito Costa, Fernando A. R. Seruffo, Marcos C. Da R. Operational Research Laboratory Belém66075-110 Brazil School of Technology Amazonas 69850-000 Brazil Belém66075-110 Brazil Institute of Mathematics and Statistics Department of Informatics and Computer Science Rio de Janeiro20550-013 Brazil Institute of Biological and Health Sciences II Department of Genetics Rio de Janeiro20550-013 Brazil Santarém68035-110 Brazil Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Climate Sciences Post-Graduate Program Rio Grande do Norte Natal59078-970 Brazil Pará Santarém68035-110 Brazil Post-Graduate Program in Forest Science Technology and Innovation-PPGCTIF Pará Santarém68035-110 Brazil Pará Santarém68035-110 Brazil Pará Belém66075-110 Brazil Pará Castanhal68746-630 Brazil

This study presents a hybrid model, STL-ARIMA-ES-LSTM, developed to improve the accuracy of Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) forecasts in the Amazon region. The model integrates seasonal and trend decomposition using Loess (STL) with statistical methods (ARIMA and Exponential Smoothing-ES) and a machine learning technique (Long Short-Term Memory - LSTM). Applied to GPP data from the PE-QFR site, the hybrid model achieved significantly better error metrics, with RMSE of 1.69 gC/m2/day, MAE of 1.35 gC/m2/day, and MAPE of 0.20%, compared to the standalone LSTM (RMSE of 2.16 gC/m2/day, MAE of 1.78 gC/m2/day, and MAPE of 0.27%). Furthermore, the hybrid model showed stronger agreement with the observed data, with correlation coefficient r =0.62 and R2 =0.39 , whereas the LSTM alone yielded r =0.26 and R2 = –0.002. The STL decomposition allowed effective separation of trend, seasonality, and residual components, enabling tailored modeling of each, which contributed to the improved predictive performance. These results demonstrate the advantage of hybrid approaches in capturing the nonlinear and seasonal patterns of GPP, supporting enhanced environmental monitoring and more informed climate change mitigation strategies in the Amazon. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Carbon sequestration

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Grewiifopenes A-K,bioactive clerodane diterpenoids from Casearia grewiifolia Vent.

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Natural Products and Bioprospecting 2024年第1期14卷 939-957页

作者： Phanruethai Pailee Paratchata Batsomboon Wiriya Yaosanit Theerawat Thananthaisong Chulabhorn Mahidol Poonsakdi Ploypradith Nanthawan Reuk-ngam Panita Khlaychan Supanna Techasakul Somsak Ruchirawat Vilailak Prachyawarakorn Laboratory of Natural Products Medicinal Chemistry and Organic SynthesisChulabhorn Research InstituteBangkok10210Thailand Department of National Parks Wildlife and Plant ConservationForest HerbariumBangkok10900Thailand Program in Chemical Sciences Chulabhorn Graduate InstituteBangkok10210Thailand Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology(EHT) Office of the Permanent Secretary(OPS)Ministry of Higher EducationScienceResearch and Innovation(MHESI)Bangkok10400Thailand

Eleven novel clerodane-type diterpenoids,grewiifopenes A-K(1-4 and 12-18),along with nine known compounds(5-11,19,and 20)were purified from the dichloromethane extract of the twigs and stems of Casearia grewiifolia Vent.(Salicaceae).Their spectroscopic data,including the NMR,HRESIMS,and electronic circular dichroism calculations were employed to completely characterize and elucidate the chemical structures and absolute *** clerodane diterpenoids possessing a 6-OH group and no substitution at C-7 exhibited greater cytotoxic activity than others,with their IC50 values ranging from 0.3 to 2.9μ*** E(7)exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus,while isocaseamembrin E(7),corymbulosin X(8),caseargrewiin A(9),kurzipene A(10),and balanspene F(11)exhibited antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus.

关键词： Casearia grewiifolia Vent. Salicaceae Clerodane diterpenoids Cytotoxic activity Antibacterial activity

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DECARBONIZATION POTENTIAL OF BIOENERGY AMAZONIAN ISOLATED SYSTEMS: AN ENVIRONMENTAL LIFE CYCLE INVENTORY 32nd

DECARBONIZATION POTENTIAL OF BIOENERGY AMAZONIAN ISOLATED SY...

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32nd European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, EUBCE 2024

作者： de Oliveira, Paloma Fachinelli Lamas, Giulia Cruz Protásio, Thiago de Paula Rousset, Patrick Silveira, Edgar A. University of Brasília Mechanical Sciences Graduate Program Laboratory of Energy and 8 Environment DF Brasilia70910-900 Brazil Federal University of Lavras-UFLA Department of Forest Science Minas Gerais Lavras37203-202 Brazil CIRAD UPR BioWooEB MontpellierF-34398 France BioWooEB Univ. Montpellier CIRAD Montpellier France

The use of renewable sources of energy is one of the key points in achieving a neutral carbon economy. Brazil presents an advantage by having one of the cleanest electric matrices. However, this does not exclude the challenge of a net-zero target. Especially in remote communities in Brazil, energy decarbonization will require a range of solutions that should not be standardized but rather solutions that consider the local socio-biodiversity and the local emissions profile. This study focuses on the isolated systems of Manicoré and Lábrea, located in the Amazon South state, whose electricity consumption is supplied by diesel thermoelectric plants. As a socio-biodiversity solution, bioenergy derived from biomass residues from sustainable management forest residues has considerable potential. To begin to identify the viability of replacing diesel with bioenergy pursuing decarbonization, a gate-to-gate Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) was performed. A description of the site, system, consumption, and transportation was made, followed by an explanation of the data collection process. The results of the research are mainly two inventories. The bioenergy system showed better results for the carbon dioxide and particulate matter emission factors, with values of 303.5 and 1.74 kg/MWh, respectively. The LCI results indicate that the bioenergy system has higher CO and lower CO2 and PM2.5 emissions when considering biogenic carbon. However, further studies on technological routes for electricity conversion and carbon debt for Amazon residues are needed for a comprehensive regional environmental impact assessment. Moreover, conducting an LCA with the inventories gathered in this article will provide a more detailed analysis of the overall environmental performance of these systems. © 2024, ETA-Florence Renewable Energies. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbon capture and utilization

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Improving Maps of Daily Air Temperature Considering the Effects of Topography: Data from Espírito Santo, Brazil (2007–2020)

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Braum, Edilson Sarter Zanetti, Sidney Sara Cecílio, Roberto Avelino Pezzopane, José Eduardo Macedo Federal University of Espírito Santo Graduate Program in Forest Sciences Jerônimo Monteiro Espírito Santo29.550-000 Brazil

Understanding air temperature is essential for climate studies and its application in environmental, forest, and agricultural sciences, among others. This study aimed to spatialize daily air temperature data, creating a database corrected by the effect of relief. This study was performed in the state of Espírito Santo, Southeastern Brazil, which has an altitude range of 2,892 m from the coast to the highest point in Serra do Caparaó. Meteorological data were collected from 22 meteorological stations. The Poisson equation and adiabatic lapse rate were used to estimate air temperature considering the effect of relief. These methods were compared with the inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolator to evaluate the gain obtained by including topographic information in the temperature estimation. The performance of methods was evaluated by cross-validation, using the coefficient of determination (R2), bias, and mean absolute error (MAE). The method with the best performance in the spatialization of air temperature data adjusted measured data for the same altitude condition, using the environmental lapse rate (−6.5°C km−1) and the IDW interpolator to spatialize data. Finally, interpolated temperature values were adjusted for the original terrain altitude (−6.5°C km−1), using the altitude existing in each pixel of a digital elevation model. This method provided a gain of 51% in the reduction of MAE values compared with the IDW interpolator, which does not consider the effect of relief. It was used to spatialize daily air temperature data (maximum, average, and minimum) for the entire territory of Espírito Santo, Brazil, with 500-m spatial resolution. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Interpolation

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Assessment of Synthetic Series to Design the Capacity of Flow Regulation Reservoirs

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Zanetti, Sidney Sara Heitor, Fabricio Dias Cecílio, Roberto Avelino Cesconetto, Laisi Bellon de Sousa, José Rui Castro Federal University of Espírito Santo Graduate Program in Forest Sciences Espírito Santo Jerônimo Monteiro29.550-000 Brazil

As a complement to forest conservation and restoration, flow regulation reservoirs are important alternatives to improve streamflow and it is an important instrument for storing water destined for several uses, especially in places where demand exceeds water availability during periods of drought. However, the unavailability of historical series of flows in watersheds makes the adequate design of reservoirs difficult. To overcome such difficulties, synthetic series of flows are currently being generated for the specific sections of the watercourses where these structures are to be designed. The present study aimed to evaluate two methods of generating synthetic series of flows applied to design the capacity of flow regulation reservoirs in conditions of limited data. A monitored hydrological region (Itapemirim River Basin, Espírito Santo) and synthetic flow series generated according to the methodologies of Rodrigues (2017) and Cesconetto (2021) were used. The methodologies were tested by cross-validation, and the results were compared using graphs and statistical indicators to the results obtained with observed data, measured in fluviometric reference stations. After analyzing the statistical indicators, such as the coefficient of determination (R²), the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency index (NSE), and the reservoir design quality index (IQD), it was concluded that the method proposed by Cesconetto (2021) showed a tendency to under-design the capacities of the reservoirs, mainly for lower flows to be regularized (β © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Reservoirs (water)

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Improving Maps of Daily Air Temperature Considering the Effects of Topography: Data from Espírito Santo, Brazil (2007–2020)

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Braum, Edilson Sarter Zanetti, Sidney Sara Cecílio, Roberto Avelino Macedo Pezzopane, José Eduardo Federal University of Espírito Santo Graduate Program in Forest Sciences Espírito Santo Jerônimo Monteiro29.550-000 Brazil

Understanding air temperature is essential for climate studies and its application in environmental, forest, and agricultural sciences, among others. This study aimed to spatialize daily air temperature data, creating a database corrected by the effect of relief. This study was performed in the state of Espírito Santo, Southeastern Brazil, which has an altitude range of 2,892 m from the coast to the highest point in Serra do Caparaó. Meteorological data were collected from 22 meteorological stations. The Poisson equation and adiabatic lapse rate were used to estimate air temperature considering the effect of relief. These methods were compared with the inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolator to evaluate the gain obtained by including topographic information in the temperature estimation. The performance of methods was evaluated by cross-validation, using the coefficient of determination (R²), bias, and mean absolute error (MAE). The method with the best performance in the spatialization of air temperature data adjusted measured data for the same altitude condition, using the environmental lapse rate (−6.5°C km−1) and the IDW interpolator to spatialize data. Finally, interpolated temperature values were adjusted for the original terrain altitude (−6.5°C km−1), using the altitude existing in each pixel of a digital elevation model. This method provided a gain of 51% in the reduction of MAE values compared with the IDW interpolator, which does not consider the effect of relief. It was used to spatialize daily air temperature data (maximum, average, and minimum) for the entire territory of Espírito Santo, Brazil, with 500-m spatial resolution. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Interpolation

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Biochar, compost, and their mixtures influence the dry mass of the shoot of Marandu palisade grass and soil nutritional status

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Arabian Journal of Geosciences 2023年第3期16卷 1-16页

作者： da Silva, Ivan Eusébio Pimenta, Alexandre Santos de Lacerda, Claudivan Feitosa de Oliveira Miranda, Neyton da Silva Lima, Nayane Dias, Gustavo Cardoso Department of Agricultural Engineering Federal University of Ceará – UFC Fortaleza Brazil Jundiaí School of Agriculture Graduate Program in Forest Sciences Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte – UFRN Macaíba Brazil Department of Agronomy and Forest Sciences Federal Rural University of the Semiarid Region - UFERSA Mossoró Brazil

Brazil has the world’s largest cattle herd and is the largest beef exporter, although the degradation of 70% of its pastures cause environmental damage and reduced yields. However, pasture recovery is carried out with expensive mineral fertilizers, whose effects do not last and can cause soil acidification and nutrient loss. Environmentally friendly alternatives are compost and biochar, which can increase nutrient use efficiency through higher soil retention and slower availability, but they lack application recommendations. Therefore, it is necessary to provide helpful information to improve grass yield and replace or reduce the use of mineral fertilizers. For this, a mineral fertilized experiment and another not fertilized were developed to evaluate the dry shoot mass of Marandu palisade grass and some soil chemical attributes after applying compost, biochar, oxidized or not, and their mixtures. Mineral fertilization increased grass productivity, which was further increased when compost, biochar, and mixtures were applied. The combinations more often provided the best results of the variables than the individual application of compost or biochar. In most cases, the best mixture contained 0.25% compost and 0.75% oxidized biochar, but the application of 0.5% of each is promising. This study’s leading information for cattle breeders indicates biochar and compost mixtures that improve soil fertility and grass yield, together with mineral fertilization. However, it is necessary to study biochar oxidation and the enrichment of the compost and biochar with nutrients.

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