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A global effort to dissect the human genetic basis of resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection (Oct, 10.1038/s41590-021-01030-z, 2021)

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NATURE IMMUNOLOGY 2022年第2期23卷 341-341页

作者： Andreakos, Evangelos Abel, Laurent Vinh, Donald C. Kaja, Elzbieta Drolet, Beth A. Zhang, Qian O'Farrelly, Cliona Novelli, Giuseppe Rodriguez-Gallego, Carlos Haerynck, Filomeen Prando, Carolina Pujol, Aurora Su, Helen C. Casanova, Jean-Laurent Spaan, Andras N. Laboratory of Immunobiology Center for Clinical Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens Athens Greece St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases Rockefeller Branch The Rockefeller University New York NY USA Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases Necker Branch INSERM U1163 Necker Hospital for Sick Children Paris France University of Paris Imagine Institute Paris France Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases McGill University Health Centre Montréal Québec Canada Infectious Disease Susceptibility Program Research Institute McGill University Health Centre Montréal Québec Canada MNM Diagnostics Inc. Lewes DE USA Department of Dermatology School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin Madison WI USA Comparative Immunology Group School of Biochemistry and Immunology Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland Department of Biomedicine and Prevention University of Rome Tor Vergata Rome Italy Department of Immunology Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín Canarian Health System Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Las Palmas Spain Department of Clinical Sciences University Fernando Pessoa Canarias Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Las Palmas Spain Department of Pediatric Immunology and Pulmonology Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency Ghent (CPIG) PID Research Laboratory Jeffrey Modell Diagnosis and Research Centre Ghent University Hospital Ghent Belgium Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Curitiba Brazil Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) L’Hospitalet de Llobregat Barcelona Spain Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) Barcelona Spain Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases U759 (CIBERER) ISCIII Barcelona Spain Intramural Research Program National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease

SARS-CoV-2 infections display tremendous interindividual variability, ranging from asymptomatic infections to life-threatening disease. Inborn errors of, and autoantibodies directed against, type I interferons (IFNs) account for about 20% of critical COVID-19 cases among SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals. By contrast, the genetic and immunological determinants of resistance to infection per se remain unknown. Following the discovery that autosomal recessive deficiency in the DARC chemokine receptor confers resistance to Plasmodium vivax, autosomal recessive deficiencies of chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) and the enzyme FUT2 were shown to underlie resistance to HIV-1 and noroviruses, respectively. Along the same lines, we propose a strategy for identifying, recruiting, and genetically analyzing individuals who are naturally resistant to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

关键词： Infection Viral infection Biomedicine general Immunology Infectious Diseases

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Emerging contaminants:A One health perspective

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The Innovation 2024年第4期5卷 140-170,139页

作者： Fang Wang Leilei Xiang Kelvin Sze-Yin Leung Martin Elsner Ying Zhang Yuming Guo Bo Pan Hongwen Sun Taicheng An Guangguo Ying Bryan WBrooks Deyi Hou Damian EHelbling Jianqiang Sun Hao Qiu Timothy MVogel Wei Zhang Yanzheng Gao Myrna JSimpson Yi Luo Scott XChang Guanyong Su Bryan MWong Tzung-May Fu Dong Zhu Karl JJobst Chengjun Ge Frederic Coulon Jean Damascene Harindintwali Xiankui Zeng Haijun Wang Yuhao Fu Zhong Wei Rainer Lohmann Changer Chen Yang Song Concepcion Sanchez-Cid Yu Wang Ali El-Naggar Yiming Yao Yanran Huang Japhet Cheuk-Fung Law Chenggang Gu Huizhong Shen Yanpeng Gao Chao Qin Hao Li Tong Zhang Natàlia Corcoll Min Liu Daniel SAlessi Hui Li Kristian KBrandt Yolanda Pico Cheng Gu Jianhua Guo Jianqiang Su Philippe Corvini Mao Ye Teresa Rocha-Santos Huan He Yi Yang Meiping Tong Weina Zhang Fidèle Suanon Ferdi Brahushi Zhenyu Wang Syed AHashsham Marko Virta Qingbin Yuan Gaofei Jiang Louis A.Tremblay Qingwei Bu Jichun Wu Willie Peijnenburg Edward Topp Xinde Cao Xin Jiang Minghui Zheng Taolin Zhang Yongming Luo Lizhong Zhu Xiangdong Li DamiàBarceló Jianmin Chen Baoshan Xing Wulf Amelung Zongwei Cai Ravi Naidu Qirong Shen Janusz Pawliszyn Yong-guan Zhu Andreas Schaeffer Matthias C.Rillig Fengchang Wu Gang Yu James M.Tiedje State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education Shenzhen Virtual University ParkShenzhenChina Technical University of Munich TUM School of Natural SciencesInstitute of Hydrochemistry85748 GarchingGermany School of Resources&Environment Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030China Climate Air Quality Research UnitSchool of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia Faculty of Environmental Science&Engineering Kunming University of Science&TechnologyKunming 650500China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin 300350China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control School of Environmental Science and EngineeringInstitute of Environmental Health and Pollution ControlGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry South China Normal UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510006China Department of Environmental Science Baylor UniversityWacoTXUSA Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research(CRASR) Baylor UniversityWacoTXUSA School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310014China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Laboratoire d’Ecologie Microbienne Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1UMR CNRS 5557UMR INRAE 1418VetAgro Sup69622 VilleurbanneFrance Department of Pla

Environmental pollution is escalating due to rapid global development that often prioritizes human needs over planetary *** global efforts to mitigate legacy pollutants,the continuous introduction of new substances remains a major threat to both people and the *** response,global initiatives are focusing on risk assessment and regulation of emerging contaminants,as demonstrated by the ongoing efforts to establish the UN’s Intergovernmental Science-Policy Panel on Chemicals,Waste,and Pollution *** review identifies the sources and impacts of emerging contaminants on planetary health,emphasizing the importance of adopting a One health *** for monitoring and addressing these pollutants are discussed,underscoring the need for robust and socially equitable environmental policies at both regional and international *** actions are needed to transition toward sustainable pollution management practices to safeguard our planet for future generations.

关键词： pollution planet contaminants

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Coulomb interaction-driven reshaped weyl fermionic dispersions in MoTe2

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Kang, Seoung-Hun Jeon, Sangjun Kim, Hyun-Jung Ko, Wonhee Cho, Suyeon Kang, Se Hwang Kim, Sung Wng Yang, Heejun Kim, Hyo Won Son, Young-Woo Korea Institute for Advanced Study Seoul02455 Korea Republic of Department of Physics Chung-Ang University Seoul06974 Korea Republic of Peter Grünberg Institute Institute for Advanced Simulation Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich52428 Germany Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology Suwon16678 Korea Republic of Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831 United States Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering Ewha Womans University Seoul03760 Korea Republic of Department of Energy Science Sungkyunkwan University Suwon16419 Korea Republic of Department of Physics Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon34141 Korea Republic of

We report the direct evidence of impacts of the Coulomb interaction in a prototypical Weyl semimetal, MoTe2, that alter its bare bands in a wide range of energy and momentum. Our quasiparticle interference patterns measured using scanning tunneling microscopy are shown to match the joint density of states of quasiparticle energy bands including momentum-dependent self-energy corrections, while electronic energy bands based on the other simpler local approximations of the Coulomb interaction fail to explain neither the correct number of quasiparticle pockets nor shape of their dispersions observed in our spectrum. With this, we predict a transition between type-I and type-II Weyl fermions with doping and resolve its disparate quantum oscillation experiments, thus highlighting the critical roles of Coulomb interactions in layered Weyl semimetals. © 2021, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Dispersions

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Creatine and l-carnitine attenuate muscular laminopathy in the LMNA mutation transgenic zebrafish

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Scientific Reports 2024年第1期14卷 1-19页

作者： Pan, Shao-Wei Wang, Horng-Dar Hsiao, He-Yun Hsu, Po-Jui Tseng, Yung-Che Liang, Wen-Chen Jong, Yuh-Jyh Yuh, Chiou-Hwa Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine National Health Research Institutes Miaoli Zhunan Taiwan Institute of Biotechnology National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Laboratory Medicine Mackay Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology Yuanpei University of Medical Technology Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Nursing MacKay Medical College Taipei Taiwan Marine Research Station Institute of Cellular and Organism Biology Academia Sinica I-Lan Taiwan Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan Department of Pediatrics Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan Translational Research Center of Neuromuscular Diseases Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan Department of Laboratory Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan Department of Biological Science and Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan

Lamin A/C gene (LMNA) mutations contribute to severe striated muscle laminopathies, affecting cardiac and skeletal muscles, with limited treatment options. In this study, we delve into the investigations of five distinct LMNA mutations, including three novel variants and two pathogenic variants identified in patients with muscular laminopathy. Our approach employs zebrafish models to comprehensively study these variants. Transgenic zebrafish expressing wild-type LMNA and each mutation undergo extensive morphological profiling, swimming behavior assessments, muscle endurance evaluations, heartbeat measurement, and histopathological analysis of skeletal muscles. Additionally, these models serve as platform for focused drug screening. We explore the transcriptomic landscape through qPCR and RNAseq to unveil altered gene expression profiles in muscle tissues. Larvae of LMNA(L35P), LMNA(E358K), and LMNA(R453W) transgenic fish exhibit reduced swim speed compared to LMNA(WT) measured by DanioVision. All LMNA transgenic adult fish exhibit reduced swim speed compared to LMNA(WT) in T-maze. Moreover, all LMNA transgenic adult fish, except LMNA(E358K), display weaker muscle endurance than LMNA(WT) measured by swimming tunnel. Histochemical staining reveals decreased fiber size in all LMNA mutations transgenic fish, excluding LMNA(WT) fish. Interestingly, LMNA(A539V) and LMNA(E358K) exhibited elevated heartbeats. We recognize potential limitations with transgene overexpression and conducted association calculations to explore its effects on zebrafish phenotypes. Our results suggest lamin A/C overexpression may not directly impact mutant phenotypes, such as impaired swim speed, increased heart rates, or decreased muscle fiber diameter. Utilizing LMNA zebrafish models for drug screening, we identify l-carnitine treatment rescuing muscle endurance in LMNA(L35P) and creatine treatment reversing muscle endurance in LMNA(R453W) zebrafish models. Creatine activates AMPK and mTOR pathw

关键词： Creatine l-Carnitine LMNA Striated muscle laminopathy Zebrafish

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Punicalagin from pomegranate ameliorates TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced inflammatory responses in HaCaT cells via regulation of SIRT1/STAT3 axis and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway

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International immunopharmacology 2024年 130卷 111665页

作者： Wen-Chung Huang Chian-Jiun Liou Szu-Chuan Shen Sindy Hu Jane C-J Chao Chun-Hsun Huang Shu-Ju Wu Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine College of Human Ecology Chang Gung University of Science and Technology Taoyuan City 33303 Taiwan ROC Division of Allergy Asthma and Rheumatology Department of Pediatrics Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Taoyuan City 33303 Taiwan ROC. Division of Allergy Asthma and Rheumatology Department of Pediatrics Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Taoyuan City 33303 Taiwan ROC Department of Nursing Division of Basic Medical Sciences Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Chang Gung University of Science and Technology Taoyuan City 33303 Taiwan ROC. Graduate Program of Nutrition Science National Taiwan Normal University 88 Ting-Chow Rd Sec 4 Taipei 11677 Taiwan ROC. Department of Cosmetic Science College of Human Ecology Chang Gung University of Science and Technology Taoyuan City Taiwan ROC Department of Dermatology Aesthetic Medical Center Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan City Taiwan ROC. School of Nutrition and Health Sciences College of Nutrition Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan ROC. Department of Dermatology Aesthetic Medical Center Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan City Taiwan ROC Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine College of Human Ecology Chang Gung University of Science and Technology Taoyuan City Taiwan ROC. Electronic address: sjwu@mail.cgust.edu.tw.

Punicalagin (PUN) was isolated from the peel of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), is a polyphenol with anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and antioxidant activities. However, it remains unclear whether PUN alleviates the inflammation and anti-inflammatory mechanisms in pro-inflammatory cytokines-induced human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Here, we investigated that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) mixture-stimulated HaCaT cells were treated with various concentrations of PUN, followed by analyzed the expression of inflammation-related mediators and evaluate anti-inflammatory-related pathways. Our results demonstrated that PUN ≤ 100 μM did not reduce HaCaT cell viability, and PUN ≥ 3 μM was sufficient to decrease interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), CCL17 and CCL20 concentrations. We found that PUN ≥ 10 μM and ≥ 3 μM significantly increased sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression and inhibited signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation, respectively. PUN downregulated inflammation-related proteins cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), enhanced nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. Moreover, PUN decreased intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression and inhibited monocyte adhesion to inflamed HaCaT cells. PUN also suppressed inflammatory-related pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways in TNF-α/IFN-γ- stimulated HaCat cells. Collectively, there is significant evidence that PUN has effective protective defenses against TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced skin inflammation by enhancing SIRT1 to mediate STAT3 and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

关键词： HaCaT cells MAPKs NF-κB Nrf2/HO-1 Punicalagin SIRT1/STAT3 axis

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Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between sedentary behavior and behavioral problems in children with overweight/obesity

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Mental health and Physical Activity 2025年 29卷

作者： Kaiqi Guan Jiayi Yang Boris Cheval Matthew health Fabian Herold André O. Werneck Cassandra J. Lowe Mats Hallgren Benjamin Tari Dominika Pindus Ryan S. Falck Markus Gerber Justin A. Haegele Arthur F. Kramer Neville Owen Charles H. Hillman Tianyou Guo Liye Zou Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory School of Psychology Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China Department of Sport Sciences and Physical Education École Normale Supérieure de Rennes Bruz France VIPS2 Laboratory University of Rennes France Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging University of Western Ontario London ON N6A 3K7 Canada Graduate Program in Neuroscience The University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond St London ON N6A 3K7 Canada School of Kinesiology Faculty of Health Sciences The University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond St London ON N6A 3K7 Canada Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine HMU Health and Medical University Erfurt Erfurt Germany Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health Department of Nutrition School of Public Health Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil Department of Psychology University of Exeter UK Department of Global Public Health Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden Institute of Sport Exercise and Health Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences University College London London UK Department of Health and Kinesiology University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL USA Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL USA Neuroscience Program University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL USA School of Biomedical Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada Department of Sport Exercise and Health University of Basel 4052 Basel Switzerland Center for Movement Health & Disability Old Dominion University Norfolk VA USA Darden College of Education & Professional Studies Old Dominion University Norfolk VA USA Center for Cognitive and Brain Health Northeastern University Boston MA USA Department of Psychology Northeastern University Boston MA 02115 USA Physical Activity Laboratory Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute Melbourne Victoria Australia Centre for Urban Transitions Swinburne University of

Background Sedentary behaviors (ST) are linked to children's mental health, including internalizing and externalizing problems. Research on these associations in children with overweight/obesity is limited. To this end, we examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between sedentary time (ST) and behavioral problems in children with overweight/obesity, followed by an investigation of potential sex-related differences. Methods We included 2273 children with overweight/obesity (49.9 % boys) from the UK Millennium Cohort Study. Accelerometer-measured sedentary time (ST) and MVPA were collected at age 7, and behavioral problems were assessed at ages 7 and 11 via the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). General linear models were used to examine how ST at 7 years of age was cross-sectionally and longitudinally associated with externalizing and internalizing, while ethnicity, SDQ scores, parental psychological distress, highest parental education, household poverty, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were statistically controlled. These analyses are followed by an analysis investigating sex-related differences. Results In the cross-sectional analyses, more ST was associated with fewer externalizing problems at 7 years among boys (β: −0.008, 95 % CI: −0.013, −0.003) and girls (β: −0.006, 95 % CI: −0.011, −0.001) without controlling for MVPA. More ST at 7 years was associated with fewer externalizing problems (β: −0.010, 95 %CI: −0.015, −0.004) only among boys when adjusting for MVPA. In the longitudinal analysis, more ST at 7 years was associated with fewer externalizing problems at 11 years for boys (β: −0.006, 95 %CI: −0.010, −0.001) and girls (β: −0.007, 95 %CI: −0.012, −0.002) without controlling for MVPA. When adjusting for MVPA at 7 years, more ST at 7 years was associated with fewer externalizing problems at 11 years for girls (β: −0.006, 95 %CI: −0.013, 0.000). Conclusions In overweight/obese children, device-measured ST at the

关键词： Aggressive Behavioral problems Depression Overweight Sitting

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Association between parental well-being and preschooler stress measured as hair cortisol concentration: A prospective cohort study

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Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress 2024年第5期40卷 e3462页

作者： Yun-Shiang Kang Ling-Chu Chien Jian-Pei Huang Yen-Tzu Fan Wen-Yi Lin Pairote Chakranon Heng-Kien Au Yi-Yung Chen Hsing Jasmine Chao Pilyoung Kim Yi-Hua Chen School of Public Health College of Public Health Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan. Neuroscience Research Center Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan. Nutrition Research Center Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei Taiwan. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Mackay Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan. Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan. Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei Taiwan. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan. Department of Psychology College of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences University of Denver Denver Colorado USA. Department of Psychology Ewha Womans University Seoul South Korea. Research Center of Health Equity College of Public Health Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan.

Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) is a valuable biomarker for evaluating chronic stress in preschoolers. However, few studies have explored early life HCC and its associated factors. This prospective cohort study analysed the HCC in children aged 6-48 months and its associations with parental HCC as well as positive and negative parental mental health outcomes. We used data from the ongoing Longitudinal Examination Across Prenatal and Postpartum health in Taiwan (LEAPP-HIT) project, conducted in Taipei between 2020 and 2024. Hair samples were collected from both parents and children in 177 families (91 samples obtained during pregnancy and 86 during the postpartum period). The parents also completed self-reported questionnaires. Multiple linear regression was conducted to analyse the data. We observed a significant positive correlation between parents' and preschoolers' HCC. Furthermore, maternal depression (adjusted beta coefficient [aβ] = 0.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.02, 0.16) and perceived stress (aβ = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.02, 0.26) were positively associated with preschoolers' HCC. By contrast, higher maternal eudaimonia was associated with lower HCC in preschoolers (aβ = -0.11, 95% CI = -0.20, -0.01). For parents, maternal depression, anxiety, and perceived stress were independently associated with an increased HCC during the postnatal period, whereas maternal eudaimonia was negatively associated with HCC. Our results indicate that both mothers and fathers affect children's responses to stress. Assessment of cortisol stress hormone concentrations through hair samples can be a key means of detecting preschoolers' stress levels and enabling early intervention.

关键词： anxiety eudaimonia fathers hair cortisol concentration perceived stress preschoolers

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Changing life expectancy in European countries 1990–2021: a subanalysis of causes and risk factors from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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The Lancet Public health 2025年第3期10卷 e172-e188页

作者： Steel, Nicholas Bauer-Staeb, Clarissa Maria Mercedes Ford, John A. Abbafati, Cristiana Abdalla, Mohammed Altigani Abdelkader, Atef Abdi, Parsa Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Abiodun, Olugbenga Olusola Abolhassani, Hassan Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abukhadijah, Hana J. Abu-Zaid, Ahmed Addo, Isaac Yeboah Addolorato, Giovanni Adekanmbi, Victor Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther Agardh, Emilie E. Agyemang-Duah, Williams Ahmad, Danish Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Syed Anees Akinosoglou, Karolina Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed Al Awaidy, Salah Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz Al Zaabi, Omar Ali Mohammed Aldridge, Robert W. Algammal, Abdelazeem M. Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed Ali, Abid Ali, Mohammed Usman Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Waad Alicandro, Gianfranco Alif, Sheikh Mohammad Al-Jumaily, Adel Allebeck, Peter Alrawashdeh, Ahmad Al-Rifai, Rami H. Alsabri, Mohammed A. Alshahrani, Najim Z. Aluh, Deborah Oyine Al-Wardat, Mohammad Al-Zyoud, Walid A. Amiri, Sohrab Anderlini, Deanna Andrei, Catalina Liliana Anil, Abhishek Anvari, Saeid Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw Aquilano, Michele Arabloo, Jalal Arafat, Mosab Areda, Demelash Aremu, Abdulfatai Armani, Keivan Armocida, Benedetta Ärnlöv, Johan Asaduzzaman, Muhammad Astell-Burt, Thomas Aujayeb, Avinash Ausloos, Marcel Azadnajafabad, Sina Aziz, Shahkaar Azzam, Ahmed Y. Babu, Giridhara Rathnaiah Badache, Andreea Corina Badiye, Ashish D. Bahramian, Saeed Baig, Atif Amin Baker, Jennifer L. Bansal, Hansi Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Barone, Mark Thomaz Ugliara Barrow, Amadou Barteit, Sandra Bashir, Shahid Bashiru, Hameed Akande Basso, João Diogo Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi Basu, Sanjay Batra, Kavita Bauckneht, Matteo Baune, Bernhard T. Beghi, Massimiliano Beiranvand, Maryam Béjot, Yannick Bell, Michelle L. Bello, Olorunjuwon Omolaja Belo, Luis Beloukas, Apostolos Beneke, Alice A. Bettencourt, Paulo J.G. Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhala, Neeraj Bhaskar, Sonu Bisulli, Francesca Bjørge, Tone Bodunrin, Aadam Olalekan Carvajal, Alejandro Botero Bouaoud, Souad Brayne, Carol Brenner, H Department of Primary Care and Public Health University of East Anglia Norwich United Kingdom Office for Health Improvement and Disparities Department of Health and Social Care London United Kingdom Department of Legal and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Rome Italy Hull York Medical School University of Hull Hull United Kingdom Department of Mathematics and Sciences Ajman University Ajman United Arab Emirates Department of Medicine Memorial University St. John's NL Canada Postgraduate Department University of Sierra Sur Miahuatlan de Porfirio Diaz Mexico Yhteiskuntadatatieteen keskus (Centre for Social Data Science) Helsinki Finland Department of Internal Medicine Federal Medical Centre Abuja Nigeria Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Karolinska Institutet (Karolinska Institute) Stockholm Sweden Department of Clinical Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy University of Jordan Amman Jordan Medical Research Center Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Alfaisal University Riyadh Saudi Arabia College of Graduate Health Sciences University of Tennessee Memphis TN United States School of Medicine Sydney NSW Australia Centre for Social Research in Health University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia Internal Medicine and Alcohol Related Disease Unit Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS Rome Italy Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Università Cattolica di Roma (Catholic University of Rome) Rome Italy Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX United States Department of Biochemistry Osun State University Osogbo Nigeria Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of Medical Sciences Ondo Ondo Nigeria Department of Veteri

Background: Decades of steady improvements in life expectancy in Europe slowed down from around 2011, well before the COVID-19 pandemic, for reasons which remain disputed. We aimed to assess how changes in risk factors and cause-specific death rates in different European countries related to changes in life expectancy in those countries before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We used data and methods from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 to compare changes in life expectancy at birth, causes of death, and population exposure to risk factors in 16 European Economic Area countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden) and the four UK nations (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales) for three time periods: 1990–2011, 2011–19, and 2019–21. Changes in life expectancy and causes of death were estimated with an established life expectancy cause-specific decomposition method, and compared with summary exposure values of risk factors for the major causes of death influencing life expectancy. Findings: All countries showed mean annual improvements in life expectancy in both 1990–2011 (overall mean 0·23 years [95% uncertainty interval [UI] 0·23 to 0·24]) and 2011–19 (overall mean 0·15 years [0·13 to 0·16]). The rate of improvement was lower in 2011–19 than in 1990–2011 in all countries except for Norway, where the mean annual increase in life expectancy rose from 0·21 years (95% UI 0·20 to 0·22) in 1990–2011 to 0·23 years (0·21 to 0·26) in 2011–19 (difference of 0·03 years). In other countries, the difference in mean annual improvement between these periods ranged from –0·01 years in Iceland (0·19 years [95% UI 0·16 to 0·21] vs 0·18 years [0·09 to 0·26]), to –0·18 years in England (0·25 years [0·24 to 0·25] vs 0·07 years [0·06 to 0·08]). In 2019–21, there was an overall decrease in mean annual life expectancy a

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Interaction of parasitoids associated with fruit flies attacking star fruit (Averrhoa carambolae) in Denpasar City, Bali Province, Indonesia

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2022年第1期980卷 012051页

作者： K A Yuliadhi I W Susila I W Supartha A Sultan I K W Yudha I W E K Utama P A Wiradana Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management (IPMLab) Faculty of Agriculture Udayana University Jalan P.B. Sudirman Denpasar City 80231 Bali- Indonesia Study Program of Agro-Ecotechnology Faculty of Agriculture Udayana University Jalan P.B. Sudirman Denpasar City 80231 Bali- Indonesia Graduate Program of Dry Land Agriculture Faculty of Agriculture Udayana University Jalan P.B. Sudirman Denpasar City 80231 Bali- Indonesia Study Program of Biology Faculty of Health Science and Technology Universitas Dhyana Pura Jl. Raya Padang Luwih Dalung North Kuta Badung Regency 80351 Bali- Indonesia

Star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) is a fruit plant that has a high consumption rate, especially in the Central/South America and Asia-Pacific regions including Indonesia. The fruit fly, Bactrocera spp. become a major pest on star fruit commodities in Indonesia which can harm quantity and quality which in turn hampers export activities. The aims of this study was to identify the type of pest, the level of attack, and the type of parasitoid associated with star fruit flies in the Denpasar City area. Fruit samples were collected using a purposive sampling method, namely collecting symptomatic fruit planted in four sub-districts in Denpasar City. Identification was carried out on the types of fruit flies and parasitoids that emerged after the rearing period. The percentage of fruit damage and the degree of parasitization was also determined. The fruit flies identified were Bactrocera carambolae and B. dorsalis and two parasitoids, namely Fopius arisanus and Diachasmimorpha longicaudata. The percentage (%) of fruit damage was 83.10%. The interaction that occurs between the fruit fly population and the level of damage is also very close. In all observation sites in Denpasar City, the parasitization rate of F. arisanus was higher than that of D. longicaudata. Our findings indicate that fruit flies are one of the main causes of star fruit damage in Denpasar City and should be integrated into a more comprehensive Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program by the relevant authorities.

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First Science Results from CTA LST-1 Telescope and status of LST-2-4 38

First Science Results from CTA LST-1 Telescope and status of...

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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Mazin, D. Abe, K. Abe, S. Aguasca-Cabot, A. Agudo, I. Alvarez Crespo, N. Antonelli, L.A. Aramo, C. Arbet-Engels, A. Arcaro, C. Artero, M. Asano, K. Aubert, P. Baktash, A. Bamba, A. Baquero Larriva, A. Baroncelli, L. Barres de Almeida, U. Barrio, J.A. Batkovic, I. Baxter, J. Becerra González, J. Bernardini, E. Bernardos, M.I. Bernete Medrano, J. Berti, A. Bhattacharjee, P. Biederbeck, N. Bigongiari, C. Bissaldi, E. Blanch, O. Bonnoli, G. Bordas, P. Bulgarelli, A. Burelli, I. Burmistrov, L. Buscemi, M. Cardillo, M. Caroff, S. Carosi, A. Carrasco, M.S. Cassol, F. Cauz, D. Cerasole, D. Ceribella, G. Chai, Y. Cheng, K. Chiavassa, A. Chikawa, M. Chytka, L. Cifuentes, A. Contreras, J.L. Cortina, J. Costantini, H. Dalchenko, M. Dazzi, F. De Angelis, A. de Bony de Lavergne, M. De Lotto, B. De Lucia, M. de Menezes, R. Del Peral, L. Deleglise, G. Delgado, C. Delgado Mengual, J. della Volpe, D. Dellaiera, M. Di Piano, A. Di Pierro, F. Di Pilato, A. Di Tria, R. Di Venere, L. Díaz, C. Dominik, R.M. Dominis Prester, D. Donini, A. Dorner, D. Doro, M. Eisenberger, L. Elsässer, D. Emery, G. Escudero, J. Fallah Ramazani, V. Ferrara, G. Ferrarotto, F. Fiasson, A. Foffano, L. Freixas Coromina, L. Fröse, S. Fukami, S. Fukazawa, Y. Garcia, E. Garcia López, R. Gasbarra, C. Gasparrini, D. Geyer, D. Giesbrecht Paiva, J. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Gliwny, P. Godinovic, N. Grau, R. Green, J. Green, D. Gunji, S. Günther, P. Hackfeld, J. Hadasch, D. Hahn, A. Hashiyama, K. Hassan, T. Hayashi, K. Heckmann, L. Heller, M. Herrera Llorente, J. Hirotani, K. Hoffmann, D. Horns, D. Houles, J. Hrabovsky, M. Hrupec, D. Hui, D. Hütten, M. Iarlori, M. Imazawa, R. Inada, T. Inome, Y. Ioka, K. Iori, M. Ishio, K. Jimenez Martinez, I. Jurysek, J. Kagaya, M. Karas, V. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kerszberg, D. Kobayashi, Y. Kohri, K. Kong, A. Kubo, H. Kushida, J. Lainez, M. Lamanna, G. Lamastra, A. Le Flour, T. Linhoff, M. Longo, F. López-Coto, R. López-Oramas, A. Loporchio, S. Lorini, A. Lozano Bahilo, J. Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-ha Kashiwa Chiba277-8582 Japan Max-Planck-Institut für Physik München80805 Germany Department of Physics Tokai University Japan Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica Institut de Ciències delCosmos Universitat de Barcelona IEEC-UB Spain Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Spain EMFTEL department IPARCOS Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spain INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma Italy INFN Sezione di Napoli Italy INFN Sezione di Padova Università degli Studi di Padova Italy The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Spain LAPP Univ. Grenoble Alpes Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS-IN2P3 Annecy France Universität Hamburg Institut für Experimentalphysik Germany Graduate School of Science University of Tokyo Japan Universidad del Azuay Ecuador INAF - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello spazio di Bologna Italy Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas Brazil Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Departamento de Astrofísica Universidad de La Laguna Spain CIEMAT Spain Department of Physics TU Dortmund University Germany INFN Sezione di Bari Politecnico di Bari Italy INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera Italy INFN Sezione di Trieste Università degli Studi di Udine Italy University of Geneva Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire Switzerland INFN Sezione di Catania Italy Italy Aix Marseille Univ CNRS IN2P3 CPPM France INFN Sezione di Bari Università di Bari Italy INFN Sezione di Torino Italy Palacky University Olomouc Faculty of Science Czech Republic University of Alcalá UAH Spain Port d’Informació Científica Spain University of Rijeka Department of Physics Croatia Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics Universität Würzburg Germany Institut für Theoretische Physik Lehrstuhl IV: Plasma-Astroteilchenphysik Ruhr-Universität Bochum Germany INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza Italy ILANCE CNRS France Physics Program Graduate School o

The prototype Large-Sized Telescope (LST-1) of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) was inaugurated on La Palma, Canary Islands, in 2018. Since then, the telescope is in the commissioning phase and takes regular gamma-ray data on astrophysical sources while waiting for other CTA telescopes in La Palma to be constructed. Here we present the status of the commissioning, lessons learned, the telescope performance, and scientific highlights achieved in the last couple of years. The science results include the detection of active galactic nuclei flares, studies of pulsar wind nebulae and pulsars, the detection of a Nova, and searches for gamma-ray emission from gamma-ray bursts. We also present the status of the construction of the three further LST telescopes (LST-2-4) in La Palma and plans for their commissioning. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Pulsars

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