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European Workshop on CMOS Variability (VARI)

作者： Juan Pablo Martinez Brito Marcelo Lubaszewski Sergio Bampi CEITEC S.A. Semiconductors Porto Alegre Brazil Graduate Program on Microelectronics - PGMICRO - Informatics Institute Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul- UFRGS

This paper presents experimental data and analyses from the oscillation frequency of CMOS ring oscillators (ROs). The measurements are analyzed in order to separate the coefficient of variation (CV = σ/μ) behavior of both within-die (WID) process variations and Die-to-Die (D2D) process variations. Three different RO's sizes distributed over a total of 96 ROs per chip were measured in 32 different chip samples, all from a single MOSIS Multi-Project-wafer in a commercial 65nm CMOS process. All ROs were measured with varying power supply voltages, from nominal VDD (1.2V) down to nearthreshold (0.45V), resulting in a sample space of 18.432 points of interest. Statistical analysis results are shown regarding each RO stage size, the applied power supply and the correlation of both to the WID and D2D variations. The increase on D2D and WID coefficients of variations at the near-threshold supplies is very significant, as explained by increased delay variability at the moderate inversion regime of the FETs. The 96 test ROs occupy a total area of 200 x 480 μm 2 in each test chip.

关键词： Frequency measurement Ring oscillators Semiconductor device measurement Inverters Transistors CMOS integrated circuits Standards

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Near-threshold computing for very wide frequency scaling: Approximate adders to rescue performance

Near-threshold computing for very wide frequency scaling: Ap...

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Annual IEEE Northeast Workshop on Circuits and Systems (NEWCAS)

作者： L. B. Soares Sergio Bampi A. L. R. Rosa E. A. C. Costa Graduate Program on Microelectronics (PGMicro) PPGC - Informatics Institute Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPEL) Porto Alegre Brazil

Near-threshold computing in CMOS is a promising alternative for any application which can tolerate very wide voltage-frequency scaling (VFS). Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices will operate in very different power-performance modes, from sub-MHz to peaks of hundreds of MHz. The nano-power range which is achievable in deca-nanometer CMOS at near-VT is the alternative we explore for VLSI circuits (8051 processor, filters, and ISCAS benchmark circuits). This paper proposes a method to design CMOS circuits for a wide dynamic range of VFS, and targets near-threshold for best efficiency. A standard-cell based design methodology specific for near-VT is demonstrated here in for a commercial 65nm CMOS process. Power and timing variability are characterized, so that variation-aware and yet ultra-low supply voltage designs are enabled. Our cell design method avoids unnecessary upsizing and it focus on near- and well above threshold regions of operation. For the study cases of medium complexity notch filter design (24kgates), and an 8051 compatible core (20kgates) we demonstrate 63X to 77X energy/operation savings for applications that tolerate ultra-wide frequency scaling (from hundreds of KHz to 1GHz) in their operating modes. The results were obtained using the minimal cycle time achievable at each supply voltage. The extremely low and highly-variable performance at sub- and near-VT have to be addressed by new logic design paradigms. In this paper we also exploit the use of approximate adders to increase the timing performance of a class of digital filter circuits, to enable compensating the performance loss inherent to near-VT operation in CMOS. Our results show that the effort to explore energy savings in low power optimized circuits through the approximate computing approach is validated with energy and worst path delay reductions up to 19.4% and 36.7% respectively, compared to the precise arithmetic implementation, without compromising the filters frequency response. Our a

关键词： Finite impulse response filters Adders CMOS integrated circuits Libraries Approximation methods Energy efficiency Timing

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Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (vol 395, pg 1779, 2020)

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LANCET 2020年第10239期395卷 1762-1762页

作者： Reiner, R. C., Jr. Hay, S., I Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Global Health School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States College of Health and Medical Sciences Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Nursing and Midwifery Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Pharmacy Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Public Health Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Cancer Biology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Cancer Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Economics and Management Sciences for Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Environmental Health Engineering Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Management and Economics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Microbiology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Pharmacology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Digestive Diseases Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Iran National Institute of Health Research Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Metabolomics and

SummaryBackgroundAcross low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), one in ten deaths in children younger than 5 years is attributable to diarrhoea. The substantial between-country variation in both diarrhoea incidence and mortality is attributable to interventions that protect children, prevent infection, and treat disease. Identifying subnational regions with the highest burden and mapping associated risk factors can aid in reducing preventable childhood diarrhoea. MethodsWe used Bayesian model-based geostatistics and a geolocated dataset comprising 15 072 746 children younger than 5 years from 466 surveys in 94 LMICs, in combination with findings of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, to estimate posterior distributions of diarrhoea prevalence, incidence, and mortality from 2000 to 2017. From these data, we estimated the burden of diarrhoea at varying subnational levels (termed units) by spatially aggregating draws, and we investigated the drivers of subnational patterns by creating aggregated risk factor estimates. FindingsThe greatest declines in diarrhoeal mortality were seen in south and southeast Asia and South America, where 54·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 38·1–65·8), 17·4% (7·7–28·4), and 59·5% (34·2–86·9) of units, respectively, recorded decreases in deaths from diarrhoea greater than 10%. Although children in much of Africa remain at high risk of death due to diarrhoea, regions with the most deaths were outside Africa, with the highest mortality units located in Pakistan. Indonesia showed the greatest within-country geographical inequality; some regions had mortality rates nearly four times the average country rate. Reductions in mortality were correlated to improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) or reductions in child growth failure (CGF). Similarly, most high-risk areas had poor WASH, high CGF, or low oral rehydration therapy coverage. InterpretationBy co-analysing geospatial trends in dia

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Designing a gamification mechanism to encourage contributions in a crowdsourcing system

Designing a gamification mechanism to encourage contribution...

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International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design

作者： Flavio A. de Franga Adriana S. Vivacqua Maria Luiza M. Campos Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ BR Graduate Program in Informatics (PPGI) Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil

Crowdsourcing initiatives have been around for several years, and have been experiencing increasing adoption. Crowdsourced systems use the aggregation of efforts from multiple individuals to perform tasks or solve problems. The exponential growth of mobile computing has strengthened this approach, and several applications have appeared which enable individuals to provide information that can later be aggregated and reused. However, these applications are highly dependent on user contributions, and this can become a problem if not enough contributions are provided. Gamification strategies may help increase user contributions, through the creation of game-like interactions. This paper explores the design of gamification strategies to engage users to in real time data mapping.

关键词： Internet Encyclopedias Electronic publishing Geology Instruments Games

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Stochastic color image segmentation using spatial constraints

Stochastic color image segmentation using spatial constraint...

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IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference

作者： Dionicio Vásquez Jacob Scharcanski Alexander Wong Institute of Informatics Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS Porto Alegre Brazil Institute of Informatics and Graduate Program on Electrical Engineering Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS Porto Alegre Brazil Department of Systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781479961153

This paper describes an automated method for segmenting color images based on a modified stochastic region merging strategy with multi-scale spatial constraints. First, a bilateral decomposition is performed, and an over-segmentation process is then performed based multichannel information and multi-scale gradients. Next, each sub-region is represented using a normalized color histogram in the CIE L*a*b* color space, and a region adjacency graph is constructed based on the over-segmentation results. Finally, a stochastic region merging strategy with spatial constraints is performed on the region adjacency graph to construct one segmentation map for each scale of representation. Our preliminary visual and quantitative experimental results on the Berkeley image database (BSDS500) are encouraging, and suggest that our proposed approach can provide accurate segmentation results.

关键词： Image segmentation Merging Image color analysis Color Image edge detection Histograms Visualization

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Design and Linearity Analysis of a M-2M DAC for Very Low Supply Voltage

Design and Linearity Analysis of a M-2M DAC for Very Low Sup...

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IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems

作者： Israel Sperotto Hamilton Klimach Sergio Bampi Microelectronics Graduate Program Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Electrical Engineering Department Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Informatics Institute Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul

ISBN: (纸本)9781509002474

This work presents the design of a 6 bits M-2M ladder Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) proper for operation under supply voltages of 200 mV or lower. Since the MOS transistors are operating in the subthreshold region under such low supply, the mismatch analysis was done using an all-region continuous MOSFET model. The performance of the circuit is evaluated through simulations and the trade-offs between linearity, supply voltage and sampling rate are investigated in the paper. It is proposed that a 6 bits M-2M DAC operating under 200 mV and with sampling rate of 5.1MS/s is feasible using a commercial 130 nm process and standard transistors.

关键词： supply voltage metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors DERIVED AIR CONCENTRATION Development Assistance Committee sampling rate Linearity Drill bits

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Dimensioning Microwave Wireless Networks

Dimensioning Microwave Wireless Networks

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IEEE International Conference on Communications

作者： Alvinice Kodjo Brigitte Jaumard Napoleao Nepomuceno Mejdi Kaddour David Coudert Inria France & Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Concordia University Montreal Graduate Program in Applied Informatics University of Fortaleza Department of Computer Science University of Oran

ISBN: (纸本)9781467364300

We aim at dimensioning fixed broadband microwave wireless networks under unreliable channel conditions. As the transport capacity of microwave links is prone to variations due to, e.g., weather conditions, such a dimensioning requires special attention. It can be formulated as the determination of the minimum cost bandwidth assignment of the links in the network for which traffic requirements can be met with high probability, while taking into account that transport link capacities vary depending on channel conditions. The proposed optimization model represents a major step forward since we consider dynamic routing. Experimental results show that the resulting solutions can save up to 45% of the bandwidth cost compared to the case where a bandwidth over-provisioning policy is uniformly applied to all links in the network planning. Comparisons with previous work also show that we can solve much larger instances in significantly shorter computing times, with a comparable level of reliability.

关键词： Bandwidth Modulation Pricing Reliability Microwave communication Routing

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Construction and evaluation of a collaboration observation model

Construction and evaluation of a collaboration observation m...

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20th International Conference on Collaboration and Technology, CRIWG 2014

作者： Gentil, Paula Ballard Da F. Campos, Maria Luiza M. Borges, Marcos R. S. Graduate Program in Informatics Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9783319101651

This article proposes a Collaboration Observation Model (COM) to allow a systematic observation of aspects involved in collaboration, in order to facilitate coordination of observation activities in the group as well as to improve collaboration, interaction and communication among participants. Effective collaboration is a key factor of success in teamwork activities to achieve shared goals, because it can improve the quality of interactions and reduce tasks execution time. To evaluate the proposed model, a real experiment was conducted to verify its adequacy to collaborative aspects and to refine the model. © 2014 Springer International Publishing.

关键词： Computers

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Spatiotemporal brain network analysis of healthy humans based on magnetoencephalography and functional MRI in the resting state

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BMC Neurosci 2015年第SUPPL 1期16卷 P155-P155页

作者： Margaret Y Mahan Arthur C Leuthold Apostolos P Georgopoulos Graduate Program in Biomedical Informatics and Computational Biology University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA Brain Sciences Center VA Health Care System Minneapolis MN 55417 USA Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA

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Sulforaphane Improves Ischemia-Induced Detrusor Overactivity by Downregulating the Enhancement of Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Autophagy, and Apoptosis in Rat Bladder

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Scientific reports 2016年第1期6卷 36110页

作者： Huai-Ching Tai Shiu-Dong Chung Chiang-Ting Chien Hong-Jeng Yu Department of Urology National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan. Graduate Institution of Clinical Medicine National Taiwan University College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan. Department of Urology Far East Memory Hospital New Taipei City Taiwan. Graduate Program in Biomedical Informatics College of Informatics Yuan-Ze University Chung-Li Tao-Yuan Taiwan. Department of Life Science National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan.

Atherosclerosis-associated pelvic ischemia has been reported to be a risk factor for bladder dysfunction and subsequent lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in the elderly population. However, the molecular mechanisms of this association remain unclear. We hypothesized that stress-induced cellular responses might play a role in the pathogenesis of ischemia-induced bladder dysfunction. In the present study, the animal model of bladder ischemia was induced by bilateral partial arterial occlusion (BPAO) in rats. We found that BPAO significantly induced the presence of detrusor overactivity (DO) and upregulated the expression of several molecular reactions, including biomarkers in endoplasmic reticulum stress (78 kDa glucose-regulated protein, GRP78 and C/EBP-homologous protein, CHOP), autophagy (Beclin-1, p62 and LC3 II) and apoptosis (caspase 3). BPAO also disturbed the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1-nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Keap1-Nrf2) pathways. These responses might collectively alter muscarinic and purinergic signaling and contribute to the presence of DO in the ischemic bladder. Therapeutically, treatment with neither a muscarinic nor purinergic receptor antagonist restored bladder function. Interestingly, sulforaphane effectively attenuated ischemia-enhanced endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy and apoptosis in the bladder, subsequently ameliorated ischemia-induced bladder dysfunction and might emerge as a novel strategy to protect the bladder against ischemia-induced oxidative damage.

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