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LUC Algorithm in Visual Cryptography

Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2018年第1期1114卷

作者： Ratnadewi Christian Dio Alpha G Darmawan Napitupulu Heri Nurdiyanto Nuning Kurniasih Abdurrozaq Hasibuan GS Achmad Daengs Rosida Tiurma Manurung Indrya Mulyaningsih Robbi Rahim Castaka Agus Sugianto Dahlan Abdullah Department of Electrical Engineering Universitas Kristen Maranatha Bandung Indonesia Research Center for Quality System and Testing Technology Indonesian Institute of Sciences Banten Indonesia STMIK Dharma Wacana Indonesia Faculty of Communication Sciences Library and Information Science Program Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung Indonesia Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara Indonesia University of 45 Surabaya Indonesia Graduate Program in Scientific Psychology Universitas Kristen Maranatha Bandung Indonesia Department of Education Institut Agama Islam Negeri Syekh Nurjati Cirebon Indonesia School of Computer and Communication Engineering Universiti Malaysia Perlis Kubang Gajah Malaysia Politeknik TEDC Bandung Indonesia Department of Informatics Universitas Malikussaleh Aceh Utara Indonesia

Nowadays, messaging technology in digital data form more often used and not less messages that confidentially wanted. Then it should be modified so that can be understood only by the sender and the intended recipients. All of this system can be realization by using cryptography. LUC algorithms are introduced by Smith and Lennon in 1993. LUC algorithm is an algorithm that based on the use of Lucas sequence (specific arithmetic operations derived from Lucas row) that rarely used to enhance the security of the messages. In this research, LUC algorithm is combined with visual cryptography to process the encryption and the description of a colored image. Four different images were used in the trial here. The performance of the system is assessed using Structural similarity (SSIM) which has an assessment similar to human eye. If the image quality is the same as the original image, then the SSIM value is one. Whereas if the quality of decryption image is very different from the original image then the value of SSIM is zero.

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Kidney multiome-based genetic scorecard reveals convergent coding and regulatory variants

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Science (New York, N.Y.) 2025年第6734期387卷 eadp4753页

作者： Liu, Hongbo Abedini, Amin Ha, Eunji Ma, Ziyuan Sheng, Xin Dumoulin, Bernhard Qiu, Chengxiang Aranyi, Tamas Li, Shen Dittrich, Nicole Chen, Hua-Chang Tao, Ran Tarng, Der-Cherng Hsieh, Feng-Jen Chen, Shih-Ann Yang, Shun-Fa Lee, Mei-Yueh Kwok, Pui-Yan Wu, Jer-Yuarn Chen, Chien-Hsiun Khan, Atlas Limdi, Nita A. Wei, Wei-Qi Walunas, Theresa L. Karlson, Elizabeth W. Kenny, Eimear E. Luo, Yuan Kottyan, Leah Connolly, John J. Jarvik, Gail P. Weng, Chunhua Shang, Ning Cole, Joanne B. Mercader, Josep M. Mandla, Ravi Majarian, Timothy D. Florez, Jose C. Haas, Mary E. Lotta, Luca A. Drivas, Theodore G. Vy, Ha My T Nadkarni, Girish N. Wiley, Laura K. Wilson, Melissa P. Gignoux, Christopher R. Rasheed, Humaira Thomas, Laurent F. Åsvold, Bjørn Olav Brumpton, Ben M. Hallan, Stein I. Hveem, Kristian Zheng, Jie Hellwege, Jacklyn N. Zawistowski, Matthew Zöllner, Sebastian Franceschini, Nora Hu, Hailong Zhou, Jianfu Kiryluk, Krzysztof Ritchie, Marylyn D. Palmer, Matthew Edwards, Todd L. Voight, Benjamin F. Hung, Adriana M. Susztak, Katalin Department of Medicine Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA United States Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA United States Department of Genetics University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA United States Penn-CHOP Kidney Innovation Center University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA United States Liangzhu Laboratory Zhejiang University 1369 West Wenyi Road Hangzhou Zhejiang China Department of Nephrology Children' Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine National Clinical Research Center for Child Health Hangzhou Zhejiang China Institute of Molecular Life Sciences HUN-REN Research Center for Natural Sciences Budapest Hungary Department of Molecular Biology Semmelweis University Budapest Hungary Department of Medicine Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil Department of Biostatistics Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN United States Vanderbilt Genetics Institute Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN United States Institute of Clinical Medicine School of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University ROC Taipei Taiwan Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital ROC Taipei Taiwan Institute of Biomedical Sciences Academia Sinica ROC Taipei Taiwan Cardiovascular Center Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung Taiwan ROC National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan ROC Heart Rhythm Center Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital ROC Taipei Taiwan Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University ROC Taipei Taiwan Institute of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan ROC Department of Medical Research Chung Shan Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan ROC Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Medical Universit

Kidney dysfunction is a major cause of mortality, but its genetic architecture remains elusive. In this study, we conducted a multiancestry genome-wide association study in 2.2 million individuals and identified 1026 (97 previously unknown) independent loci. Ancestry-specific analysis indicated an attenuation of newly identified signals on common variants in European ancestry populations and the power of population diversity for further discoveries. We defined genotype effects on allele-specific gene expression and regulatory circuitries in more than 700 human kidneys and 237,000 cells. We found 1363 coding variants disrupting 782 genes, with 601 genes also targeted by regulatory variants and convergence in 161 genes. Integrating 32 types of genetic information, we present the "Kidney Disease Genetic Scorecard" for prioritizing potentially causal genes, cell types, and druggable targets for kidney disease.

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Web based testing application security system using semantic comparison method

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2018年第1期420卷

作者： Akbar Iskandar Muhammad Resa Fahlepi Tuasamu Suryadi Syamsu M Mansyur Tri Listyorini Sulfikar Sallu S Supriyono Kundharu Saddhono Darmawan Napitupulu Robbi Rahim Informatics Engineering STMIK AKBA Makassar Indonesia. Graduate Program Universitas Negeri Makassar Makassar Indonesia. Informatics Engineering Universitas Maria Kudus Central Java Indonesia. Computer Information Systems Universitas Sembilan Belas November Kolaka Indonesia. Department of Geography Education Universitas Prof Dr Hazairin SH Bengkulu Indonesia. Indonesian Language Education Departement Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta Indonesia. Research Center for Quality System and Testing Technology Indonesian Institute of Sciences Indonesia. Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Manajemen Sukma Medan Indonesia

Computer and web security system is an attempt to avoid attacks from crackers because a form and method of crime on internet network can not be predicted. Therefore, we just keep trying to use various methods in securing the system that is running. It is the same in web testing that can be accessed online by people who are not responsible from along distance to change and remove the test results or even damage the web testing system. So, the purpose of this paper is to design and implement web security testing system by using semantic comparison method to avoid structured query language injection (SQLI) attack and to do security on web testing application using Message Digest 5 encryption (MD5). Research data were obtained by using direct observation and documentation and literature review. After the design and application of the system, it can be obtained that by using semantic comparison method in web testing can prevent the occurrence of SQL injection attacks and can secure account from web testing users by using MD5.

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Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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The Lancet 2020年第10258期396卷 1204-1222页

作者： Abbafati, Cristiana Abbas, Kaja M. Abbasi, Mohammad Abbasifard, Mitra Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abbastabar, Hedayat Abd-Allah, Foad Abdelalim, Ahmed Abdollahi, Mohammad Abdollahpour, Ibrahim Abedi, Aidin Abedi, Parisa Abegaz, Kedir Hussein Abolhassani, Hassan Abosetugn, Akine Eshete Aboyans, Victor Abrams, Elissa M. Abreu, Lucas Guimarães Abrigo, Michael R.M. Abu Haimed, Abdulaziz Khalid Abualhasan, Ahmed Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal Abushouk, Abdelrahman I. Acebedo, Alyssa Ackerman, Ilana N. Adabi, Maryam Adair, Tim Adamu, Abdu A. Adebayo, Oladimeji M. Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi Adekanmbi, Victor Adelson, Jaimie D. Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. Adham, Davoud Advani, Shailesh M. Afarideh, Mohsen Afshari, Mahdi Afshin, Ashkan Agardh, Emilie E. Agarwal, Gina Agasthi, Pradyumna Agesa, Kareha M. Aghaali, Mohammad Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem Agrawal, Anurag Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmadi, Alireza Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmadi, Mehdi Ahmadieh, Hamid Ahmadpour, Ehsan Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Aji, Budi Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola Akinyemiju, Tomi Akombi, Blessing Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alam, Khurshid Alam, Noore Alam, Samiah Alam, Tahiya Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Alanzi, Turki M. Albertson, Samuel B. Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alema, Niguse Meles Alemu, Biresaw Wassihun Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta Alhabib, Khalid F. Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Muhammad Ali, Saqib Alicandro, Gianfranco Alijanzadeh, Mehran Alinia, Cyrus Alipour, Vahid Alizade, Hesam Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Alla, François Allebeck, Peter Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad Almasi, Ali Almasi-Hashiani, Amir Almasri, Nihad A. Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M. Almulhim, Abdulaziz M. Alonso, Jordi Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Altirkawi, Khalid A. Alumran, Arwa Khalid Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J. Amare, Azmeraw T. Amare, Bekalu Amini, Saeed Amini-Rarani, Mostafa Aminorroaya, Arya Amiri, Fatemeh Amit, Arianna Maever L. Amugsi, Dickson A. Amul, Gianna Gayle Herrera Anbesu, Etsay Woldu Ancuceanu, Robert Anderl Department of Juridical and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London United Kingdom Social Determinants of Health Research Center Tehran Iran Department of Neurology Cairo University Cairo Egypt School of Pharmacy Tehran Iran The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) Tehran Iran Neuroscience Research Center Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran Biostatistics Department Near East University Nicosia Cyprus Biostatistics and Health Informatics Madda Walabu University Bale Robe Ethiopia Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran Iran Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Sweden Department of Cardiology Dupuytren University Hospital Limoges France University of Limoges Limoges France Department of Pediatric Dentistry Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil Department of Research Philippine Institute for Development Studies Quezon City Philippines Department of Healthcare Policy and Research Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar Doha Qatar Harvard Medical School Boston MA United States Department of Medicine Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan Iran School of Medicine Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom School of Laboratory Medicine and Science University College Hospital Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Centre of Excellence for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa Department of Global Health Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa School of Health Ardabil University of Medical Science Ardabil Iran Social Behavioral Research Branch National Institute of Health Bethesda MD United States Department of Oncology Georgetown University Washington DC DC United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine Seattle WA

Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw value

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Global investments in pandemic preparedness and COVID-19: development assistance and domestic spending on health between 1990 and 2026

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The Lancet Global Health 2023年第3期11卷 e385-e413页

作者： Micah, Angela E. Bhangdia, Kayleigh Cogswell, Ian E. Lasher, Dylan Lidral-Porter, Brendan Maddison, Emilie R. Nguyen, Trang Nhu Ngoc Patel, Nishali Pedroza, Paola Solorio, Juan Stutzman, Hayley Tsakalos, Golsum Wang, Yifeng Warriner, Wesley Zhao, Yingxi Zlavog, Bianca S. Abbafati, Cristiana Abbas, Jaffar Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abdelmasseh, Michael Abdulah, Deldar Morad Abedi, Aidin Abegaz, Kedir Hussein Abhilash, E.S. Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Abrigo, Michael R.M. Abubaker Ali, Hiwa Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Adem, Mohammed Hussien Afzal, Muhammad Sohail Ahmadi, Ali Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed Rashid, Tarik Aji, Budi Akbarialiabad, Hossein Akelew, Yibeltal Al Hamad, Hanadi Alam, Khurshid Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Alanzi, Turki M. Al-Hanawi, Mohammed Khaled Alhassan, Robert Kaba Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almustanyir, Sami Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J. Amare, Azmeraw T. Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amini-Rarani, Mostafa Amu, Hubert Ancuceanu, Robert Andrei, Tudorel Anwar, Sumadi Lukman Appiah, Francis Aqeel, Muhammad Arabloo, Jalal Arab-Zozani, Morteza Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. Aremu, Olatunde Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Avila-Burgos, Leticia Ayanore, Martin Amogre Azari, Samad Baig, Atif Amin Bantie, Abere Tilahun Barrow, Amadou Baskaran, Pritish Basu, Sanjay Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad Baune, Bernhard T. Berezvai, Zombor Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhaskar, Sonu Boachie, Micheal Kofi Bodolica, Virginia Botelho, João Silva Botelho Braithwaite, Dejana Breitborde, Nicholas J.K. Busse, Reinhard Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero Catalá-López, Ferrán Chansa, Collins Charan, Jaykaran Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chen, Simiao Chukwu, Isaac Sunday Dadras, Omid Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dargahi, Abdollah Debela, Sisay Abebe Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar Desye, Belay Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Diao, Nancy Doan, Linh Phuong Dodangeh, Milad dos Santos, Wendel Mombaque Doshmangir, Leila Dube, John Eini, Ebrahim El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa El Tantawi, Maha Enyew, Daniel Berhanie Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Applied Mathematics University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Department of Juridical and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Antai College of Economics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Non-communicable Diseases Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Multiple Sclerosis Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Children’s Medical Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Tehran Heart Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Faculty of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran National Institute for Health Research Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Pharmacology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Cardiology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Digestive Diseases Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Neurology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Social Determinants of Health Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Economics and Statistics Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Neurosurgery Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Ophthalmic R

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted gaps in health surveillance systems, disease prevention, and treatment globally. Among the many factors that might have led to these gaps is the issue of the financing of national health systems, especially in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), as well as a robust global system for pandemic preparedness. We aimed to provide a comparative assessment of global health spending at the onset of the pandemic;characterise the amount of development assistance for pandemic preparedness and response disbursed in the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic;and examine expectations for future health spending and put into context the expected need for investment in pandemic preparedness. Methods: In this analysis of global health spending between 1990 and 2021, and prediction from 2021 to 2026, we estimated four sources of health spending: development assistance for health (DAH), government spending, out-of-pocket spending, and prepaid private spending across 204 countries and territories. We used the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)'s Creditor Reporting system (CRS) and the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database (GHED) to estimate spending. We estimated development assistance for general health, COVID-19 response, and pandemic preparedness and response using a keyword search. Health spending estimates were combined with estimates of resources needed for pandemic prevention and preparedness to analyse future health spending patterns, relative to need. Findings: In 2019, at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, US$9·2 trillion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 9·1–9·3) was spent on health worldwide. We found great disparities in the amount of resources devoted to health, with high-income countries spending $7·3 trillion (95% UI 7·2–7·4) in 2019;293·7 times the $24·8 billion (95% UI 24·3–25·3) spent by low-income countries in 2019. That same year, $43·1 billion in development assistance was provided

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Characterising acute and chronic care needs: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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Nature communications 2025年第1期16卷 4235-4235页

作者： Cecilia Anza-Ramirez J. Jaime Miranda Benedetta Armocida Jorge César Correia Harriette Gillian Christine Van Spall David Beran Amirali Aali Kalkidan Hassen Abate Semagn Mekonnen Abate Cristiana Abbafati Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari Zahra Aryan Sina Azadnajafabad Mohammadreza Azangou-Khyavy Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari Mohammad Keykhaei Javad Khanali Sara Momtazmanesh Fateme Montazeri Shayan Rahmani Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi Nazila Rezaei Negar Rezaei Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam Hossein Hassanian-Moghaddam Ali-Asghar Kolahi Ali Nikoobar Hedayat Abbastabar Ahmed M. Abdel-Azeem Michael Abdelmasseh Juan Sanabria Sherief Abd-Elsalam Ahmed Abdelwahab Gholamreza Abdoli Mohammad Abdollahi Meriem Abdoun Deldar Morad Abdulah Abu Yousuf Md Abdullah Ame Mehadi Abdurehman Getachew Abebe Aidin Abedi Chirag P. Doshi Vida Abedi Hassan Abidi Richard Gyan Aboagye Hassan Abolhassani Nima Rezaei Lucas Guimarães Abreu Michael R. M. Abrigo Yonas Derso Abtew Hiwa Abubaker Ali Eman Abu-Gharbieh Hiba Jawdat Barqawi Rabih Halwani Maha Mohamed Saber-Ayad Iman M. Talaat Ahmed Abu-Zaid Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi Juan Manuel Acuna Denberu Eshetie Adane Tigist Demssew Adane Isaac Yeboah Addo Giovanni Addolorato Oluwafemi Atanda Adeagbo Victor Adekanmbi Miracle Ayomikun Adesina Isaac Iyinoluwa Olufadewa Olatunji O. Adetokunboh Daniel Adedayo Adeyinka Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi Muhammad Sohail Afzal Saira Afzal Gina Agarwal Prerna Agarwal Pradyumna Agasthi Anurag Agrawal Marcela Agudelo-Botero Adolfo Martinez-Valle Bright Opoku Ahinkorah Aqeel Ahmad Sajjad Ahmad Sohail Ahmad Tauseef Ahmad Ali Ahmadi Siamak Sabour Keivan Ahmadi Sanjay Basu Sepideh Ahmadi Ali Ahmed Shaun Wen Huey Lee Ayman Ahmed Haroon Ahmed Jivan Qasim Ahmed Gahin Abdulraheem Tayib Yahya Yahya Luai A. Ahmed Iffat Elbarazi Syed Mahboob Shah Janardhana P. Aithala Marjan Ajami Budi Aji Hossein Akbarialiabad Yibeltal Akelew Meisam Akhlaghdoust Elham Jamshidi Addis Aklilu Azene Tesfaye Melat Woldemariam Maxwell Ak CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia Lima Peru School of Medicine Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia Lima Peru Sydney School of Public Health Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London UK Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland Department of Cardiovascular Endocrine-metabolic Diseases and Aging Istituto Superiore di Sanità Rome Italy Division of Endocrinology Diabetology Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education Department of Medicine Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland Department of Medicine and Department of Health Research Evidence and Impact McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton ON Canada Population Health Research Institute Hamilton Canada Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Jimma University Jimma Ethiopia Anesthesiology Department Dilla University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department of Juridical and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Social Determinants of Health Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard University Boston MA USA Students’ Scientific Research Center (SSRC) Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran School of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Chapter of Addiction Medicine University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia Advanced Diagnostic and Intervent

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care addresses short-term conditions. Chronic conditions increasingly strain health systems, which are often unprepared for these demands. This study examines the burden of conditions requiring acute versus chronic care, including sequelae. Conditions and sequelae from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019 were classified into acute or chronic care categories. Data were analysed by age, sex, and socio-demographic index, presenting total numbers and contributions to burden metrics such as Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), Years Lived with Disability (YLD), and Years of Life Lost (YLL). Approximately 68% of DALYs were attributed to chronic care, while 27% were due to acute care. Chronic care needs increased with age, representing 86% of YLDs and 71% of YLLs, and accounting for 93% of YLDs from sequelae. These findings highlight that chronic care needs far exceed acute care needs globally, necessitating health systems to adapt accordingly. © 2025. The Author(s).

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Publisher Correction: Multiancestry genome-wide association study of 520,000 subjects identifies 32 loci associated with stroke and stroke subtypes

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Nature genetics 2019年第7期51卷 1192-1193页

作者： Rainer Malik Ganesh Chauhan Matthew Traylor Muralidharan Sargurupremraj Yukinori Okada Aniket Mishra Loes Rutten-Jacobs Anne-Katrin Giese Sander W van der Laan Solveig Gretarsdottir Christopher D Anderson Michael Chong Hieab H H Adams Tetsuro Ago Peter Almgren Philippe Amouyel Hakan Ay Traci M Bartz Oscar R Benavente Steve Bevan Giorgio B Boncoraglio Robert D Brown Adam S Butterworth Caty Carrera Cara L Carty Daniel I Chasman Wei-Min Chen John W Cole Adolfo Correa Ioana Cotlarciuc Carlos Cruchaga John Danesh Paul I W de Bakker Anita L DeStefano Marcel den Hoed Qing Duan Stefan T Engelter Guido J Falcone Rebecca F Gottesman Raji P Grewal Vilmundur Gudnason Stefan Gustafsson Jeffrey Haessler Tamara B Harris Ahamad Hassan Aki S Havulinna Susan R Heckbert Elizabeth G Holliday George Howard Fang-Chi Hsu Hyacinth I Hyacinth M Arfan Ikram Erik Ingelsson Marguerite R Irvin Xueqiu Jian Jordi Jiménez-Conde Julie A Johnson J Wouter Jukema Masahiro Kanai Keith L Keene Brett M Kissela Dawn O Kleindorfer Charles Kooperberg Michiaki Kubo Leslie A Lange Carl D Langefeld Claudia Langenberg Lenore J Launer Jin-Moo Lee Robin Lemmens Didier Leys Cathryn M Lewis Wei-Yu Lin Arne G Lindgren Erik Lorentzen Patrik K Magnusson Jane Maguire Ani Manichaikul Patrick F McArdle James F Meschia Braxton D Mitchell Thomas H Mosley Michael A Nalls Toshiharu Ninomiya Martin J O'Donnell Bruce M Psaty Sara L Pulit Kristiina Rannikmäe Alexander P Reiner Kathryn M Rexrode Kenneth Rice Stephen S Rich Paul M Ridker Natalia S Rost Peter M Rothwell Jerome I Rotter Tatjana Rundek Ralph L Sacco Saori Sakaue Michele M Sale Veikko Salomaa Bishwa R Sapkota Reinhold Schmidt Carsten O Schmidt Ulf Schminke Pankaj Sharma Agnieszka Slowik Cathie L M Sudlow Christian Tanislav Turgut Tatlisumak Kent D Taylor Vincent N S Thijs Gudmar Thorleifsson Unnur Thorsteinsdottir Steffen Tiedt Stella Trompet Christophe Tzourio Cornelia M van Duijn Matthew Walters Nicholas J Wareham Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller James G Wilson Kerri L Wiggins Qiong Yang Salim Yusuf Joshua C Bis Tomi Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) University Hospital LMU Munich Munich Germany. Centre for Brain Research Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India. INSERM U1219 Bordeaux Population Health Research Center University of Bordeaux Bordeaux France. Stroke Research Group Division of Clinical Neurosciences University of Cambridge Cambridge UK. Department of Neurology Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease Bordeaux University Hospital Bordeaux France. Laboratory for Statistical Analysis RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences Yokohama Japan. Department of Statistical Genetics Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan. Laboratory of Statistical Immunology Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC) Osaka University Suita Japan. Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA. Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology Department of Cardiology Division of Heart and Lungs University Medical Center Utrecht University of Utrecht Utrecht the Netherlands. deCODE genetics/AMGEN Inc. Reykjavik Iceland. Center for Genomic Medicine MGH Boston MA USA. J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center Department of Neurology MGH Boston MA USA. Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute Cambridge MA USA. Population Health Research Institute McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada. Department of Epidemiology Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam the Netherlands. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam the Netherlands. Department of Medicine and Clinical Science Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan. Department of Clinical Sciences Lund University Malmö Sweden. INSERM Institut Pasteur de Lille LabEx DISTALZ-UMR1167 Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases Université Lille Lille France. Centre Hospitalier Université Lille Epidemiology and Public Health D

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

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Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study (vol 2, pg 144, 2021)

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LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH 2021年第4期9卷 E408-E408页

作者： Steinmetz, Jaimie D. Vision and Eye Research Institute Anglia Ruskin University Cambridge United Kingdom Biomedical Informatics Seoul National University Hospital Seoul South Korea Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Institute of Health Services Research Yonsei University Seoul South Korea Department of Ophthalmology University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Mathematics Imperial College London London United Kingdom WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education and Training Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Primary Care and Public Health Imperial College London London United Kingdom School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne Carlton VIC Australia School of Optometry and Vision Science UNSW Sydney NSW Australia Brien Holden Vision Institute Sydney Australia Department of Ophthalmology University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia Department of Parasitology and Mycology Jahrom University of Medical Sciences Jahrom Iran Department of Clinical Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Ophthalmic Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Ophthalmology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Health Services Management Department Qazvin University of Medical Sciences Qazvin Iran Department of Systems Populations and Leadership University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States Department of Medicine Sofia Ismail Memorial Medical Centre Bogura Bangladesh The Fred Hollows Foundation Sydney NSW Australia Berhan Public Health & Eye Care Consultancy Addis A

Hospital El Salvador: a novel paradigm of intensive care in response to COVID-19 in central America. Lancet Glob Health 2021;9: e241?42?In this Comment, the conflict of interest statement should have included the following: ?By virtue of their roles within a public hospital or the Ministry of Health, MB, LC, WH, and XS are government employees. The findings and conclusions in the Comment are only those of the authors.? This correction has been made as of Feb 26, 2021.

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Estimates, trends, and drivers of the global burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM_2·5 air pollution, 1990–2019: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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The Lancet Planetary Health 2022年第7期6卷 e586-e600页

作者： Burkart, Katrin Causey, Kate Cohen, Aaron J Wozniak, Sarah S Salvi, Devashri Digvijay Abbafati, Cristiana Adekanmbi, Victor Adsuar, Jose C Ahmadi, Keivan Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alipour, Vahid Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amegah, Adeladza Kofi Andrei, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Ansari, Fereshteh Arabloo, Jalal Aremu, Olatunde Aripov, Timur Babaee, Ebrahim Banach, MacIej Barnett, Anthony Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Bedi, Neeraj Behzadifar, Masoud Béjot, Yannick Bennett, Derrick A Bensenor, Isabela M Bernstein, Robert S Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bijani, Ali Biondi, Antonio Bohlouli, Somayeh Breitner, Susanne Brenner, Hermann Butt, Zahid A Cámera, Luis Alberto Cantu-Brito, Carlos Carvalho, Felix Cerin, Ester Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chauhan, Bal Govind Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine Chu, Dinh-Toi Dai, Xiaochen Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Daryani, Ahmad Davletov, Kairat De Courten, Barbora Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Dhimal, Meghnath Diaz, Daniel Djalalinia, Shirin Duncan, Bruce B El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa Eskandarieh, Sharareh Fareed, Mohammad Farzadfar, Farshad Fattahi, Nazir Fazlzadeh, Mehdi Fernandes, Eduarda Filip, Irina Fischer, Florian Foigt, Nataliya A Freitas, Marisa Ghashghaee, Ahmad Gill, Paramjit Singh Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed Gopalani, Sameer Vali Guo, Yuming Gupta, Rajat Das Habtewold, Tesfa Dejenie Hamadeh, Randah R Hamidi, Samer Hankey, Graeme J Hasanpoor, Edris Hassen, Hamid Yimam Hay, Simon I Heibati, Behzad Hole, Michael K Hossain, Naznin Househ, Mowafa Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi Jaafari, Jalil Jakovljevic, Mihajlo Jha, Ravi Prakash Jonas, Jost B Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy Kasaeian, Amir Kaydi, Neda Khader, Yousef Saleh Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif Khan, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Junaid Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khatab, Khaled Khater, Amir M Kim, Yun Jin Kimokoti, Ruth W Kisa, Adnan Kivimäki, Mika Knibbs, Luke D Kosen, Soewarta Koul, Parvaiz A Koyanagi, Ai Defo, Barthelemy Kuate Kugbey, Nuworza Lauriola, Paolo Lee, Paul H Leili, Mostafa Lewycka, Sonia Li, Shanshan Lim, Lee-Ling Li Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery University of Washington Seattle WA United States Research Insights and Innovation Seattle WA United States Health Effects Institute Boston MA United States School of Public Health Boston University Boston MA United States Department of Juridical and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Department of Population Medicine Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom Sport Science Department University of Extremadura Badajoz Spain School of Public Health Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Primary Care and Public Health Imperial College London London United Kingdom Mayo Evidence-based Practice Center Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research Rochester MN United States John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO United States Clinical Epidemiology Center US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) St Louis MO United States Health Management and Economics Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Economics Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Community and Family Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Group in Hospital Management and Health Policies Universidad de la Costa (University of the Coast) Barranquilla Colombia Research Group in Health Economics University of Cartagena Cartagena Colombia Department of Biomedical Science University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana Cardiology Department Ca

Background: Experimental and epidemiological studies indicate an association between exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution and increased risk of type 2 diabetes. In view of the high and increasing prevalence of diabetes, we aimed to quantify the burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM_2·5 originating from ambient and household air pollution. Methods: We systematically compiled all relevant cohort and case-control studies assessing the effect of exposure to household and ambient fine particulate matter (PM_2·5) air pollution on type 2 diabetes incidence and mortality. We derived an exposure–response curve from the extracted relative risk estimates using the MR-BRT (meta-regression—Bayesian, regularised, trimmed) tool. The estimated curve was linked to ambient and household PM_2·5 exposures from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019, and estimates of the attributable burden (population attributable fractions and rates per 100 000 population of deaths and disability-adjusted life-years) for 204 countries from 1990 to 2019 were calculated. We also assessed the role of changes in exposure, population size, age, and type 2 diabetes incidence in the observed trend in PM_2·5-attributable type 2 diabetes burden. All estimates are presented with 95% uncertainty intervals. Findings: In 2019, approximately a fifth of the global burden of type 2 diabetes was attributable to PM_2·5 exposure, with an estimated 3·78 (95% uncertainty interval 2·68–4·83) deaths per 100 000 population and 167 (117–223) disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) per 100 000 population. Approximately 13·4% (9·49–17·5) of deaths and 13·6% (9·73–17·9) of DALYs due to type 2 diabetes were contributed by ambient PM2·5, and 6·50% (4·22–9·53) of deaths and 5·92% (3·81–8·64) of DALYs by household air pollution. High burdens, in terms of numbers as well as rates, were estimated in Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and South Am

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Author Correction: The FLUXNET2015 dataset and the ONEFlux processing pipeline for eddy covariance data

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Scientific data 2021年第1期8卷 72页

作者： Gilberto Pastorello Carlo Trotta Eleonora Canfora Housen Chu Danielle Christianson You-Wei Cheah Cristina Poindexter Jiquan Chen Abdelrahman Elbashandy Marty Humphrey Peter Isaac Diego Polidori Markus Reichstein Alessio Ribeca Catharine van Ingen Nicolas Vuichard Leiming Zhang Brian Amiro Christof Ammann M Altaf Arain Jonas Ardö Timothy Arkebauer Stefan K Arndt Nicola Arriga Marc Aubinet Mika Aurela Dennis Baldocchi Alan Barr Eric Beamesderfer Luca Belelli Marchesini Onil Bergeron Jason Beringer Christian Bernhofer Daniel Berveiller Dave Billesbach Thomas Andrew Black Peter D Blanken Gil Bohrer Julia Boike Paul V Bolstad Damien Bonal Jean-Marc Bonnefond David R Bowling Rosvel Bracho Jason Brodeur Christian Brümmer Nina Buchmann Benoit Burban Sean P Burns Pauline Buysse Peter Cale Mauro Cavagna Pierre Cellier Shiping Chen Isaac Chini Torben R Christensen James Cleverly Alessio Collalti Claudia Consalvo Bruce D Cook David Cook Carole Coursolle Edoardo Cremonese Peter S Curtis Ettore D'Andrea Humberto da Rocha Xiaoqin Dai Kenneth J Davis Bruno De Cinti Agnes de Grandcourt Anne De Ligne Raimundo C De Oliveira Nicolas Delpierre Ankur R Desai Carlos Marcelo Di Bella Paul di Tommasi Han Dolman Francisco Domingo Gang Dong Sabina Dore Pierpaolo Duce Eric Dufrêne Allison Dunn Jiří Dušek Derek Eamus Uwe Eichelmann Hatim Abdalla M ElKhidir Werner Eugster Cacilia M Ewenz Brent Ewers Daniela Famulari Silvano Fares Iris Feigenwinter Andrew Feitz Rasmus Fensholt Gianluca Filippa Marc Fischer John Frank Marta Galvagno Mana Gharun Damiano Gianelle Bert Gielen Beniamino Gioli Anatoly Gitelson Ignacio Goded Mathias Goeckede Allen H Goldstein Christopher M Gough Michael L Goulden Alexander Graf Anne Griebel Carsten Gruening Thomas Grünwald Albin Hammerle Shijie Han Xingguo Han Birger Ulf Hansen Chad Hanson Juha Hatakka Yongtao He Markus Hehn Bernard Heinesch Nina Hinko-Najera Lukas Hörtnagl Lindsay Hutley Andreas Ibrom Hiroki Ikawa Marcin Jackowicz-Korczynski Dalibor Janouš Wilma Jans Rachhpal Jassal Shicheng Jiang Tomomichi Kato Myr Computational Research Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA. gzpastorello@lbl.gov. DIBAF University of Tuscia Viterbo 01100 Italy. Euro-Mediterranean Centre on Climate Change Foundation (CMCC) Lecce 73100 Italy. Climate & Ecosystem Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA. Computational Research Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA. Department of Civil Engineering California State University Sacramento CA 95819 USA. Department of Geography Environment and Spatial Sciences Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48823 USA. Department of Computer Science University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904 USA. TERN Ecosystem Processes Menzies Creek VIC3159 Australia. Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Jena 07701 Germany. Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE) CEA CNRS UVSQ UPSACLAY Gif sur Yvette 91190 France. Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China. Department of Soil Science University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB R3T2N2 Canada. Department of Agroecology and Environment Agroscope Research Institute Zürich 8046 Switzerland. School of Geography and Earth Sciences McMaster University L8S4K1 Hamilton ON Canada. Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science Lund University Lund 22362 Sweden. Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE 68583 USA. School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences The University of Melbourne Richmond VIC3121 Australia. Department of Biology Research Group PLECO University of Antwerp Antwerp 2610 Belgium. Joint Research Centre European Commission Ispra 21027 Italy. TERRA Teaching and Research Center University of Liege Gembloux B-5030 Belgium. Finnish Meteorological Institute Helsinki 00560 Finland. ES

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