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Estimates, trends, and drivers of the global burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM_2·5 air pollution, 1990–2019: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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The Lancet Planetary Health 2022年第7期6卷 e586-e600页

作者： Burkart, Katrin Causey, Kate Cohen, Aaron J Wozniak, Sarah S Salvi, Devashri Digvijay Abbafati, Cristiana Adekanmbi, Victor Adsuar, Jose C Ahmadi, Keivan Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alipour, Vahid Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amegah, Adeladza Kofi Andrei, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Ansari, Fereshteh Arabloo, Jalal Aremu, Olatunde Aripov, Timur Babaee, Ebrahim Banach, MacIej Barnett, Anthony Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Bedi, Neeraj Behzadifar, Masoud Béjot, Yannick Bennett, Derrick A Bensenor, Isabela M Bernstein, Robert S Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bijani, Ali Biondi, Antonio Bohlouli, Somayeh Breitner, Susanne Brenner, Hermann Butt, Zahid A Cámera, Luis Alberto Cantu-Brito, Carlos Carvalho, Felix Cerin, Ester Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chauhan, Bal Govind Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine Chu, Dinh-Toi Dai, Xiaochen Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Daryani, Ahmad Davletov, Kairat De Courten, Barbora Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Dhimal, Meghnath Diaz, Daniel Djalalinia, Shirin Duncan, Bruce B El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa Eskandarieh, Sharareh Fareed, Mohammad Farzadfar, Farshad Fattahi, Nazir Fazlzadeh, Mehdi Fernandes, Eduarda Filip, Irina Fischer, Florian Foigt, Nataliya A Freitas, Marisa Ghashghaee, Ahmad Gill, Paramjit Singh Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed Gopalani, Sameer Vali Guo, Yuming Gupta, Rajat Das Habtewold, Tesfa Dejenie Hamadeh, Randah R Hamidi, Samer Hankey, Graeme J Hasanpoor, Edris Hassen, Hamid Yimam Hay, Simon I Heibati, Behzad Hole, Michael K Hossain, Naznin Househ, Mowafa Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi Jaafari, Jalil Jakovljevic, Mihajlo Jha, Ravi Prakash Jonas, Jost B Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy Kasaeian, Amir Kaydi, Neda Khader, Yousef Saleh Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif Khan, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Junaid Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khatab, Khaled Khater, Amir M Kim, Yun Jin Kimokoti, Ruth W Kisa, Adnan Kivimäki, Mika Knibbs, Luke D Kosen, Soewarta Koul, Parvaiz A Koyanagi, Ai Defo, Barthelemy Kuate Kugbey, Nuworza Lauriola, Paolo Lee, Paul H Leili, Mostafa Lewycka, Sonia Li, Shanshan Lim, Lee-Ling Li Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery University of Washington Seattle WA United States Research Insights and Innovation Seattle WA United States Health Effects Institute Boston MA United States School of Public Health Boston University Boston MA United States Department of Juridical and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Department of Population Medicine Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom Sport Science Department University of Extremadura Badajoz Spain School of Public Health Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Primary Care and Public Health Imperial College London London United Kingdom Mayo Evidence-based Practice Center Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research Rochester MN United States John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO United States Clinical Epidemiology Center US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) St Louis MO United States Health Management and Economics Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Economics Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Community and Family Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Group in Hospital Management and Health Policies Universidad de la Costa (University of the Coast) Barranquilla Colombia Research Group in Health Economics University of Cartagena Cartagena Colombia Department of Biomedical Science University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana Cardiology Department Ca

Background: Experimental and epidemiological studies indicate an association between exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution and increased risk of type 2 diabetes. In view of the high and increasing prevalence of diabetes, we aimed to quantify the burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM_2·5 originating from ambient and household air pollution. Methods: We systematically compiled all relevant cohort and case-control studies assessing the effect of exposure to household and ambient fine particulate matter (PM_2·5) air pollution on type 2 diabetes incidence and mortality. We derived an exposure–response curve from the extracted relative risk estimates using the MR-BRT (meta-regression—Bayesian, regularised, trimmed) tool. The estimated curve was linked to ambient and household PM_2·5 exposures from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019, and estimates of the attributable burden (population attributable fractions and rates per 100 000 population of deaths and disability-adjusted life-years) for 204 countries from 1990 to 2019 were calculated. We also assessed the role of changes in exposure, population size, age, and type 2 diabetes incidence in the observed trend in PM_2·5-attributable type 2 diabetes burden. All estimates are presented with 95% uncertainty intervals. Findings: In 2019, approximately a fifth of the global burden of type 2 diabetes was attributable to PM_2·5 exposure, with an estimated 3·78 (95% uncertainty interval 2·68–4·83) deaths per 100 000 population and 167 (117–223) disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) per 100 000 population. Approximately 13·4% (9·49–17·5) of deaths and 13·6% (9·73–17·9) of DALYs due to type 2 diabetes were contributed by ambient PM2·5, and 6·50% (4·22–9·53) of deaths and 5·92% (3·81–8·64) of DALYs by household air pollution. High burdens, in terms of numbers as well as rates, were estimated in Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and South Am

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Getting Undergraduates Ready for China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) Through an Overseas Experiential Learning Project

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China and the World 2021年第3期4卷

作者： Andrew Min Han Chin Thomas Menkhoff Hans-Dieter Evers Hoong Hui Daniel Gn Kevin Koh Chester Wey Lee Patrick H. M. Loh Linda Low Sebastian Tan Teng Seng Teo Natalie Yap Lee Kong Chian School of Business Singapore Management University (SMU) 81 Victoria Street Singapore 188065 Singapore Andrew Chin Min Han graduated from Tsinghua University in Beijing China with a Tsinghua–MIT Sloan International Master of Business Administration degree under the Singapore Government’s Asian Business Fellowship (ABF) scholarship program. He is the Program Director of Singapore Management University (SMU) Executive Certificate in China Business and of the SMU Internationalisation Series. He teaches as an Adjunct Faculty of Strategy and Organisation at the SMU Lee Kong Chian School of Business since January 2017. He teaches effectively in English and Chinese. With over 23 years of experience in education and publishing industry in Asia Andrew Chin’s multi-sector career has enabled him to experience the full spectrum of the education industry in his roles as the Singapore EDB Officer handling the World-Class University portfolio and the Specialist Information and Publishing Industry portfolio Chief Representative and Country Manager (China) at Thomson Learning (Fortune 500 company) and Co-founder and CEO for an early childhood education business. Andrew was a Business Development Director (Universities) at Sodexo Group (Fortune 500 company) for the Asia-Pacific region. After working 10 years in Beijing China Andrew returned to Singapore in 2012 to work closely with the top leadership at Singapore Management University on the SMU China & East Asia Initiatives. Thomas Menkhoff is the Professor of Organisational Behaviour & Human Resources (Education) at the Lee Kong Chian School of Business Singapore Management University (SMU). Two of his recent publications include: (i) Menkhoff Thomas Ning Kan Siew Evers Hans-Dieter and Chay Yue Wah eds. Living in Smart Cities: Innovation and Sustainability (New Jersey: World Scientific Publishing 2018) and (ii) Chay Yue Wah Menkhoff Thomas and Low Linda eds. China’s Belt and Road Initiative — Understanding the Dynamics of a Global Transfor

In this paper, we explain how an experiential learning course and study tour to Gansu Province (People’s Republic of China) enabled undergraduates at the Singapore Management University (SMU) to acquire 21st-century competencies and higher-order thinking skills by analyzing and evaluating specific aspects of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and China–Singapore (Chongqing) Connectivity Initiative — New International Land–Sea Trade Corridor (CCI-ILSTC) with emphasis on developing viable Go-To-Market (GTM) strategies aimed at selling Gansu produce in four Southeast Asian markets. We share how the course was designed to support the attainment of key learning goals and discuss how we turned pedagogical aspirations into concrete learning outcomes. We introduce key aspects of the so-called “SMU-XO” project that the students conducted in partnership with an industry partner, Pacific International Lines (PIL), and discuss how the project work helped learners to gain global competency by (i) examining critical issues related to BRI such as multi-modal infrastructure connectivity, (ii) appreciating the local perspectives of project stakeholders in Lanzhou and Shanghai and (iii) successfully interacting with people from different cultures, namely China, Indonesia, Vietnam, Malaysia and Thailand.

关键词： Experiential learning Singapore China Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)

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MOA-2015-BLG-337: A planetary system with a low-Mass brown dwarf/planetary boundary host,or a brown dware binary

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Miyazaki, S. Sumi, T. Bennett, D.P. Gould, A. Udalski, A. Koshimoto, N. Nagakane, M. Rattenbury, N. Abe, F. Bhattacharya, A. Barry, R. Donachie, M. Fukui, A. Hirao, Y. Itow, Y. Kawasaki, K. Li, M.C.A. Ling, C.H. Matsubara, Y. Matsuo, T. Muraki, Y. Ohnishi, K. Ranc, C. Saito, T. Sharan, A. Shibai, H. Suematsu, H. Suzuki, D. Sullivan, D.J. Tristram, P.J. Yamada, T. Yonehara, A. Koz Lowski, S. Mróz, P. Pawlak, M. Poleski, R. Pietrukowicz, P. Skowron, J. Soszynski, I. Albrow, M.D. Chung, S.-J. Han, C. Jung, Y.K. Hwang, K.-H. Ryu, Y.-H. Shin, I.-G. Shvartzvald, Y. Yee, J.C. Zang, W. Zhu, W. Cha, S.-M. Kim, D.-J. Kim, H.-W. Kim, S.-L. Lee, D.-J. Lee, Y. Park, B.-G. Pogge, R.W. Department of Earth and Space Science Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka560-0043 Japan MOA collaboration 3Department of Physics University of Notre Dame Notre DameIN46556 United States Laboratory for Exoplanets and Stellar Astrophysics NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD20771 United States Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute Daejon34055 Korea Republic of Department of Astronomy Ohio State University 140 W. 18th Ave. ColumbusOH43210 United States Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy Königstuhl 17 Heidelberg69117 Germany KMTNet collaboration Warsaw University Observatory Al. Ujazdowskie 4 Warszawa00-478 Poland OGLE collaboration 11Institute of Information and Mathematical Sciences Massey University North Shore Mail Centre Private Bag 102-904 Auckland New Zealand Department of Physics University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research Nagoya University Nagoya464-8601 Japan Okayama Astrophysical Observatory National Astronomical Observatory 3037-5 Honjo Kamogata Asakuchi Okayama719-0232 Japan Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research Nagoya University Nagoya464-8601 Japan Nagano National College of Technology Nagano381-8550 Japan Tokyo Metropolitan College of Industrial Technology Tokyo116-8523 Japan Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 3-1-1 Yoshinodai Chuo Sagamihara Kanagawa252-5210 Japan School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Victoria University Wellington New Zealand University of Canterbury Mt. John Observatory P.O. Box 56 Lake Tekapo8770 New Zealand Department of Physics Faculty of Science Kyoto Sangyo University Kyoto603-8555 Japan Department of Astronomy Ohio State University 140 W. 18th Ave. ColumbusOH43210 United States University of Canterbury Department of Physics and Astronomy Private Bag 4800 Christchurch8020 New Zealand Korea University of Sci

We report the discovery and the analysis of the short timescale binary-lens microlensing event, MOA-2015-BLG-337. The lens system could be a planetary system with a very low mass host, around the brown dwarf/planetary mass boundary, or a brown dwarf binary. We found two competing models that explain the observed light curves with companion/host mass ratios of q ∼ 0.01 and ∼ 0.17, respectively. A significant finite source effect in the best-fit planetary model (q ∼ 0.01) reveals a small angular Einstein radius of θE 0.03 mas which favors a low mass lens. We obtain the posterior probability distribution of the lens properties from a Bayesian analysis. The results for the planetary models strongly depend on a power-law index in planetary mass regime, αpl, in the assumed mass function. In summary, there are two solutions of the lens system: (1) a brown dwarf/planetary mass boundary object orbited by a super-Neptune (the planetary model with αpl = 0.49) and (2) a brown dwarf binary (the binary model). If the planetary models are correct, this system can be one of a new class of planetary system, having a low host mass and also a planetary mass ratio (q Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Probability distributions

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Application of Interpolation Image by using Bi-Cubic Algorithm

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2018年第1期1114卷

作者： Dahlan Abdullah F Fajriana M Maryana Lidya Rosnita Andysah Putera Utama Siahaan Robbi Rahim P Harliana H Harmayani Zainuddin Ginting Cut Ita Erliana Defi Irwansyah Z Zulmiardi Muammar Khaddafi Feby Milanie Henry Aspan Ismul Huda Kundharu Saddhono Indrya Mulyaningsih Roy Marthen Moonti Parwito Hardianto Djanggih Ainna Amalia Edy Winarno Wiwien Hadikurniawati Department of Informatics Universitas Malikussaleh Aceh Indonesia School of Computer and Communication Engineering Universiti Malaysia Perlis Malaysia Department of Informatics Engineering Sekolah Tinggi Teknik Harapan Medan Indonesia Department of Informatics AMIK Intel Com Global Indo Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering Universitas Malikussaleh Aceh Indonesia Department of Industrial Engineering Universitas Malikussaleh Aceh Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Universitas Malikussaleh Aceh Indonesia Department of Accounting Universitas Malikussaleh Aceh Indonesia Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi Medan Indonesia Universitas Syiah Kuala Aceh Indonesia Graduate Program Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta Indonesia Indonesian Language Teaching Department Institut Agama Islam Negeri Syekh Nurjati Cirebon Indonesia Department of Law Universitas Gorontalo Gorontalo Indonesia Department of Agrotechnology Universitas Ratu Samban Bengkulu Indonesia Department of Law Universitas Tompotika Luwuk Banggai Luwuk Indonesia Islamic Institut of Miftahul Ula Kertosono Nganjuk East Java Indonesia Faculty of Information Technology Universitas Stikubank Semarang Indonesia

Image magnification is one of the branches in digital image processing that is often required in various applications such as in the field of medicine, multimedia, and in satellite imagery. As technology grows, more and more methods are used for image enlargement. In this study, the image enlargement process performs by using Bi-Cubic spline interpolation method, and the result of image try to compare between the original one and picture after enlargement.

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Abstracts from the 1st JoPPP Conference on Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice Abstracts

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JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL POLICY AND PRACTICE 2020年第1期13卷 3-3页

作者： [Anonymous] Macter International Limited F-216 S.I.T.E Karachi Pakistan Department of Pharmaceutics Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan Research & Education Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Cochrane Russia Kazan Federal University Kazan Republic of Tatarstan Russian Federation School of Pharmacy Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences S. Zorig Street Ulaanbaatar 14210 Mongolia Mongolian University of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sonsgolon Road-5 Songinokhairkhan District Ulaanbaatar 18130 Mongolia Drug Research Institute Monos group Sonsgolon Road-5 Songinokhairkhan District Ulaanbaatar 18130 Mongolia Faculty of Health Sciences Curtin University Kent Street Bentley Perth Western Australia 6102 Australia School of Public Health Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences S. Zorig Street Ulaanbaatar 14210 Mongolia Departemen Farmasetika Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia School of Pharmacy Taylor’s University Subang Selangor Malaysia Faculty of Pharmacy Universiti Technologi MARA Shah Alam Malaysia Department of Pharmacy Practice School of Pharmacy International Medical University 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Faculty of Pharmacy Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 50300 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Taylor’s University 47500 Subang Jaya Malaysia Faculty of Pharmacy Cyberjaya University College of Medical Sciences 63000 Cyberjaya Selangor Malaysia Faculty of Pharmacy Level 11 FF1 Building UiTM Puncak Alam Campus . Selangor Malaysia Bandar Pasir Mas Health Clinic Jalan Hospital Pasir Mas Kelantan Malaysia School of Pharmacy Monash University Malaysia Bandar Sunway Selangor Malaysia Asian Centre for Evidence Synthesis in Population Implementation and Clinical Outcomes Health and Well-Being Cluster Global Asia in the 21st Century Platform Monash University Malaysia Bandar Sunway Selangor Malaysia School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Universiti Sains

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Human-voice enhancement based on online RPCA for a hose-shaped rescue robot with a microphone array

Human-voice enhancement based on online RPCA for a hose-shap...

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IEEE International Workshop on Safety, Security, and Rescue Robotics (SSRR)

作者： Yoshiaki Bando Katsutoshi Itoyama Masashi Konyo Satoshi Tadokoro Kazuhiro Nakadai Kazuyoshi Yoshii Hiroshi G. Okuno Graduate School of Informatics Kyoto University Kyoto Japan Graduate School of Information Science Honda Research Institute Japan Co. Ltd Miyagi Japan Graduate School of Information Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Saitama Japan Graduate Program for Embodiment Informatics Waseda University Tokyo Japan

This paper presents an online real-time method that enhances human voices included in severely noisy audio signals captured by microphones of a hose-shaped rescue robot. To help a remote operator of such a robot pick up a weak voice of a human buried under rubble, it is crucial to suppress the loud ego-noise caused by the movements of the robot in real time. We tackle this task by using online robust principal component analysis (ORPCA) for decomposing the spectrogram of an observed noisy signal into the sum of low-rank and sparse spectrograms that are expected to correspond to periodic ego-noise and human voices. Using a microphone array distributed on the long body of a hose-shaped robot, ego-noise suppression can be further improved by combining the results of ORPCA applied to the observed signal captured by each microphone. Experiments using a 3-m hose-shaped rescue robot with eight microphones show that the proposed method improves the performance of conventional ego-noise suppression using only one microphone by 7.4 dB in SDR and 17.2 in SIR.

关键词： Rescue robots Microphone arrays Matrix decomposition Radio frequency Mobile robots

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Global, regional, and national sex-specific burden and control of the HIV epidemic, 1990–2019, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019

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The Lancet HIV 2021年第10期8卷 e633-e651页

作者： Jahagirdar, Deepa Walters, Magdalene K. Novotney, Amanda Brewer, Edmond D. Frank, Tahvi D. Carter, Austin Biehl, Molly H. Abbastabar, Hedayat Abhilash, E.S. Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal Adekanmbi, Victor Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Afzal, Saira Aghababaei, Soodabeh Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmadpour, Ehsan Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Rashid, Tarik Ahmed Salih, Yusra Ahmed Aklilu, Addis Akram, Tayyaba Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet Al Hamad, Hanadi Alahdab, Fares Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Aleksandrova, Ekaterina A. Alene, Kefyalew Addis Ali, Liaqat Alipour, Vahid Almustanyir, Sami Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amu, Hubert Andrei, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Anvari, Davood Arabloo, Jalal Aremu, Olatunde Arulappan, Judie Atnafu, Desta Debalkie Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Ayza, Muluken Altaye Azari, Samad Darshan, B.B. Banach, Maciej Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Barra, Fabio Barrow, Amadou Basu, Sanjay Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad Belay, Habtamu Gebrehana Berheto, Tezera Moshago Bezabhe, Woldesellassie Mequanint Bezabih, Yihienew Mequanint Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bibi, Sadia Bijani, Ali Bisignano, Catherine Bolarinwa, Obasanjo Afolabi Boloor, Archith Boltaev, Azizbek A. Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich Buonsenso, Danilo Burkart, Katrin Butt, Zahid A. Cao, Chao Charan, Jaykaran Chatterjee, Souranshu Chattu, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, Vijay Kumar Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan Chu, Dinh-Toi Couto, Rosa A.S. Cowden, Richard G. Dachew, Berihun Assefa Dadras, Omid Dagnew, Amare Belachew Dahlawi, Saad M.A. Dai, Xiaochen Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi das Neves, José Degenhardt, Louisa Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu Deuba, Keshab Dhamnetiya, Deepak Dhungana, Govinda Prasad Dianatinasab, Mostafa Diaz, Daniel Djalalinia, Shirin Doan, Linh Phuong Dorostkar, Fariba Edinur, Hisham Atan Effiong, Andem Eftekharzadeh, Sahar El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa Elayedath, Rajesh Elhadi, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Global Health University of Washington Seattle WA United States School of Social Work University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeones Columbia University Medical Center New York NY United States Division of Data Analytics and Delivery for Impact WHO Geneva Switzerland Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Multiple Sclerosis Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Paediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Psychiatry Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Metabolomics and Genomics Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Centre for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Non-Communicable Diseases Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Botany Sree Narayana Guru College Chelannur Kozhikode India Clinical Sciences Department University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Mass Communication Department University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Health-Care Policy and Research Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar Doha Qatar Department of Population Medicine Ca

Background: The sustainable development goals (SDGs) aim to end HIV/AIDS as a public health threat by 2030. Understanding the current state of the HIV epidemic and its change over time is essential to this effort. This study assesses the current sex-specific HIV burden in 204 countries and territories and measures progress in the control of the epidemic. Methods: To estimate age-specific and sex-specific trends in 48 of 204 countries, we extended the Estimation and Projection Package Age-Sex Model to also implement the spectrum paediatric model. We used this model in cases where age and sex specific HIV-seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care-clinic sentinel surveillance data were available. For the remaining 156 of 204 locations, we developed a cohort-incidence bias adjustment to derive incidence as a function of cause-of-death data from vital registration systems. The incidence was input to a custom Spectrum model. To assess progress, we measured the percentage change in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 (threshold >75% decline), the ratio of incident cases to number of people living with HIV (incidence-to-prevalence ratio threshold <0·03), and the ratio of incident cases to deaths (incidence-to-mortality ratio threshold <1·0). Findings: In 2019, there were 36·8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 35·1–38·9) people living with HIV worldwide. There were 0·84 males (95% UI 0·78–0·91) per female living with HIV in 2019, 0·99 male infections (0·91–1·10) for every female infection, and 1·02 male deaths (0·95–1·10) per female death. Global progress in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 was driven by sub-Saharan Africa (with a 28·52% decrease in incident cases, 95% UI 19·58–35·43, and a 39·66% decrease in deaths, 36·49–42·36). Elsewhere, the incidence remained stable or increased, whereas deaths generally decreased. In 2019, the global incidence-to-prevalence ratio was 0·05 (95% UI 0·05–0·06) and the global incidence-to-mortality ratio was

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Biomarker profile and disease burden associated with intermittent and long-term oral corticosteroid use in patients with severe asthma prior to biologic initiation in real-life (STAR)

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World Allergy Organization Journal 2025年第7期18卷 101066页

作者： Schleich, Florence Larenas-Linnemann, Désirée Altraja, Alan Pérez de Llano, Luis Kostikas, Konstantinos Sadatsafavi, Mohsen Bourdin, Arnaud Alton Pleasants, Roy Hew, Mark Chen, Wenjia Jiménez-Maldonado, Libardo Couillard, Simon Suppli Ulrik, Charlotte Bulkhi, Adeeb A. Tsai, Ming-Ju Christoff, George C. Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G. Pfeffer, Paul E. Ryan, Dermot Bergeron, Celine Al-Ahmad, Mona S. Dorscheid, Delbert R. Wang, Eileen Blakey, John D. Cochrane, Belinda Peters, Matthew J. Popov, Todor A. Torres-Duque, Carlos A. Hansen, Susanne Puggioni, Francesca Fletton, Kirsty Salameh, Laila Middleton, Peter G. Márcio Pitrez, Paulo Kook Rhee, Chin Denton, Eve Chapman, Kenneth R. Lehtimäki, Lauri Murray, Ruth B. Sheu, Chau-Chyun Jackson, David J. Al-Lehebi, Riyad Siyue Koh, Mariko Mahboub, Bassam Ardusso, Ledit R.F. Gogali, Athena Canonica, Giorgio Walter Kuna, Piotr Sivori, Martin Louis, Renaud Abercromby, Shelley Guida, Giuseppe Aarli, Bernt Bøgvald Beastall, Aaron Carter, Victoria Scelo, Ghislaine Townend, John Cosio, Borja G. Patel, Pujan H. Goh, Celine Yun Yi Csoma, Zsuzsanna Upham, John W. Fonseca, João A. Gibson, Peter G. Jenkins, Christine Brusselle, Guy G. Chèvremont, Anne Côté, Andréanne Celis-Preciado, Carlos Andrés Solarte, Ivan Porsbjerg, Celeste M. Sverrild, Asger Kauppi, Paula Loukides, Stelios Makris, Michael P. Papaioannou, Andriana I. Heffler, Enrico Chan, Jeffrey Shi Kai Joo, Hyonsoo Heaney, Liam G. Cheng, Wei-Han Lugogo, Njira Wechsler, Michael E. Chaves Loureiro, Cláudia Rodríguez-Cáceres, Bellanid Nagano, Tatsuya Wang, Zhixiao Wang, Hao-Chien Máspero, Jorge Saldarini, Fernando Stok, Ana María Yañez, Anahi Bardin, Philip G. Bosnic-Anticevich, Sinthia Z. Navaratnam, Vidya Bhutani, Mohit Lougheed, M. Diane Melenka, Lyle Bakakos, Petros Exarchos, Konstantinos P. Ladias, Aggelos A. Lúdvíksdóttir, Dóra Iwanaga, Takashi Contreras Contreras, Elvia Angelica Lehmann, Sverre Ferreira, José Alberto Gall, Rebecca Fu, Pin-Kuei Perng, Diahn-Warng Hoyte, Flavia Katial, Rohit Björnsdóttir, Unnur S. Taillé, Camille Tau Department Pneumology CHU Liege GIGA I3 Research Group Exercise Physiology Lab University of Liege Liege Belgium Centro de Excelencia en Asma y Alergia Hospital Médica Sur Ciudad de México Mexico Department of Pulmonology University of Tartu and Lung Clinic Tartu University Hospital Tartu Estonia Pneumology Service. Lucus Augusti University Hospital. EOXI (Sergas (Galician Healthcare Service) Integrated Management Structure): Lugo Monforte Cervo Spain Department of Psychiatry Radiology Public Health Nursery and Medicine University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain Respiratory Medicine Department University of Ioannina School of Medicine Ioannina Greece Respiratory Evaluation Sciences Program Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada PhyMedExp Univ Montpellier CNRS (National Center for Scientific Research) INSERM (The National Institute of Health and Medical Research) CHU (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) Montpellier Montpellier France Marsico Lung Institute University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC United States Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States Allergy Asthma & Clinical Immunology Alfred Health Melbourne VIC Australia Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health National University of Singapore Singapore Fundación Neumológica Colombiana ASMAIRE REXPIRA Program Bogotá Colombia Departamento Cundinamarca Universidad de La Sabana Chia Colombia Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Canada Department of Respiratory Medicine Copenhagen University Hospital - Hvidovre Copenhagen Denmark Department of Medicine College of Medicine Umm Al-Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Medical Univers

Background: Asthma characterization using blood eosinophil count (BEC) (among other biomarkers and clinical indices) is recommended in severe asthma (SA), but the masking effect of oral corticosteroids (OCS), makes this challenging. Aim: Our aim was to explore the effect of OCS use (both intermittent [iOCS] and long-term [LTOCS]) prior to biologic initiation on SA phenotype and biomarker profile in real-life and to characterize the burden of SA among patients prescribed LTOCS by biomarker profile. Methods: This was a registry-based cohort study, including data from 23 countries collected between 2003 and 2023 and shared with the Internatonal Severe Asthma Registry (ISAR). Patients with SA were categorized into 3 cohorts, those with: (i) no prescription for OCS, (ii) prescription(s) for iOCS (ie, ≤90 days in previous 12-months, usually short courses for exacerbations), and (iii) prescriptions for LTOCS (ie, >90 days in previous 12-months). Biomarker distribution (ie, BEC, fractional exhaled nitric oxide [FeNO], and total Immunoglobulin E [IgE]) were quantified in the year prior to biologic initiation in patients with SA according to OCS prescription pattern. Phenotypes were characterized for those prescribed LTOCS according to BEC cut-off (<150 and ≥ 150 cells/μL). Results: Of 4305 patients included, 5.0% (n = 215), 54.1% (n = 2330) and 40.9% (n = 1760) were prescribed no OCS, iOCS, and LTOCS, respectively. The BEC distribution varied by prescription pattern and LTOCS dose (<5 mg to ≥20 mg/day);BEC was <150 cells/μL in 28.6% (n = 369/1288) of LTOCS patients, compared to 19.5% (n = 284/1460) of iOCS patients and 14.0% (n = 21/150) of those in the no OCS group. Median BEC was also significantly lower in the LTOCS versus the iOCS group (310 vs 400 cells/μL;p < 0.001). A similar pattern was noted for IgE, but not FeNO. Among LTOCS patients with BEC <150 cells/μL, 39.9% experienced ≥4 exacerbations, 75.1% had uncontrolled asthma symptoms and 55.9% had evidence of persiste

关键词： BEC Blood eosinophil count FeNO Fractional exhaled nitric oxide IgE Immunoglobulin E Intermittent Long-term

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Robotic driving assistance system for manual wheelchair user on uneven ground

Robotic driving assistance system for manual wheelchair user...

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IEEE International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics (ICORR)

作者： Daisuke Chugo Nobuhiro Goto Sho Yokota Satoshi Muramatsu Hiroshi Hashimoto Graduate School of Science and Technology Kwansei Gakuin University Sanda Japan Faculty of Science and Engineering Toyo University Saitama Japan School of Information Science and Technology Tokai University Hiratsuka Japan Master Program of Innovation for Design and Engineering Advanced Institute of Industrial Technology Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781479918096

This paper proposes a novel driving assistance system for a manual wheelchair. On an inclined road, there is a high risk of a wheelchair moving in a direction that the user does not intend. Using only servo brakes on each wheel, our proposed system negates the wheel traction that is generated by the road's inclination. Our system measures the road's inclination and estimates the wheel traction generated by gravitational force. Our system then cancels this traction and the user can drive the wheelchair as they would on flat ground. The system is intuitive because the user drives the wheelchair in the usual manner, and our assistance system works passively to complement the user's intentional force. Our system uses only servo brakes that can generate the various required levels of brake traction. Our system does not require actuators, and its mechanism is simple and inexpensive. There is no risk of malfunction of servomotors. We verified the effectiveness of our proposed assistance system by conducting experiments with a prototype.

关键词： Wheelchairs Wheels Brakes Gravity Sensors Servomotors Acceleration

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Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study (vol 2, pg 144, 2021)

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LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH 2021年第4期9卷 E408-E408页

作者： Steinmetz, Jaimie D. Vision and Eye Research Institute Anglia Ruskin University Cambridge United Kingdom Biomedical Informatics Seoul National University Hospital Seoul South Korea Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Institute of Health Services Research Yonsei University Seoul South Korea Department of Ophthalmology University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Mathematics Imperial College London London United Kingdom WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education and Training Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Primary Care and Public Health Imperial College London London United Kingdom School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne Carlton VIC Australia School of Optometry and Vision Science UNSW Sydney NSW Australia Brien Holden Vision Institute Sydney Australia Department of Ophthalmology University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia Department of Parasitology and Mycology Jahrom University of Medical Sciences Jahrom Iran Department of Clinical Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Ophthalmic Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Ophthalmology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Health Services Management Department Qazvin University of Medical Sciences Qazvin Iran Department of Systems Populations and Leadership University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States Department of Medicine Sofia Ismail Memorial Medical Centre Bogura Bangladesh The Fred Hollows Foundation Sydney NSW Australia Berhan Public Health & Eye Care Consultancy Addis A

Hospital El Salvador: a novel paradigm of intensive care in response to COVID-19 in central America. Lancet Glob Health 2021;9: e241?42?In this Comment, the conflict of interest statement should have included the following: ?By virtue of their roles within a public hospital or the Ministry of Health, MB, LC, WH, and XS are government employees. The findings and conclusions in the Comment are only those of the authors.? This correction has been made as of Feb 26, 2021.

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