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Spatially differentiated life cycle assessment of Thailand's transport: The implications from country-specific factors and alternative technologies

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Sustainable Production and Consumption 2025年 57卷 319-340页

作者： Vitoon Chotanapund Shabbir H. Gheewala Vladimir Strezov Nazmul Huda Jitti Mungkalasiri Trakarn Prapaspongsa Graduate Program in Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Mahidol University Nakhon Pathom Thailand School of Natural Sciences Faculty of Science and Engineering Macquarie University NSW 2109 Australia The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment (JGSEE) King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi Bangkok Thailand Center of Excellence on Energy Technology and Environment Ministry of Higher Education Science Research and Innovation Ministry of Education Bangkok Thailand School of Engineering Faculty of Science and Engineering Macquarie University NSW 2109 Australia Technology and Informatics Institute for Sustainability (TIIS) National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC) National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) Pathum Thani Thailand

This study proposed country-specific characterisation factors (CFs) for Thailand by modifying the Thai Spatially Differentiated Life Cycle Impact Assessment (ThaiSD) method and introducing monetary conversion factors to express environmental impacts in Thai Baht. Five impact categories were fully parameterised, including fine particulate matter formation (PMF), human toxicity (both cancer and non-cancer) (HT c and HT nc ), freshwater ecotoxicity (FET), and water scarcity (WS). Other spatialised CFs were selected from regionalisation models in ReCiPe2016 and IMPACT World+. When comparing the use of country-specific CFs with global average, the impact scores for PMF, HT c , HT nc , FET, photochemical ozone formation and terrestrial acidification demonstrated notably different levels, ranging from ±25 to ±50 %. The developed method was then applied to assess environmental impacts and costs of Thailand's transport sector, encompassing freight and passenger transport across roadway, railway, waterway, and aviation. Climate change (CC) was significantly attributed to human health and ecosystem quality impacts, while the major contributor to resource scarcity impact was fossil resource scarcity (FS). In some scenarios, non-exhaust emissions, particularly from freight trucks, accounted for 40–60 % of the total PMF impacts. Environmental costs of freight and passenger transport in Thailand were 0.08–3.64 Thai Baht per tonne-kilometre and 0.01–0.81 Thai Baht per passenger-kilometre, respectively. Among transport modes, trains were found to be the most environmentally favourable option for both passenger and freight transport, while aviation had the highest environmental impact for freight transport. In contrast, passenger aviation had a comparable environmental burden to passenger cars due to optimised occupancy rates. Despite the efficiency of modern internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs), particularly Euro 5 and 6, employing blended biodiesel was less effective in comp

关键词： Life cycle assessment Thai Spatially Differentiated Life Cycle Impact Assessment Freight transport Passenger transport Transport technologies

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Learning from 2D: machine learning of 3D effective properties of heterogeneous materials based on 2D microstructure sections

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Hu, Guangyu Latypov, Marat I. Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Applied Mathematics University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States

Microstructure–property relationships are key to effective design of structural materials for advanced applications. Advances in computational methods enabled modeling microstructure-sensitive properties using 3D models (e.g., finite elements) based on microstructure representative volumes. 3D microstructure data required as input to these models are typically obtained from either 3D characterization experiments or digital reconstruction based on statistics from 2D microstructure images. In this work, we present machine learning (ML) approaches to modeling effective properties of heterogeneous materials directly from 2D microstructure sections. To this end, we consider statistical learning models based on spatial correlations and convolutional neural networks as two distinct ML strategies. In both strategies, models are trained on a dataset of synthetically generated 3D microstructures and their properties obtained from micromechanical 3D simulations. Upon training, the models predict properties from 2D microstructure sections. The advantage of the presented models is that they only need 2D sections, whose experimental acquisition is more accessible compared to 3D characterization. Furthermore, the present models do not require digital reconstruction of 3D microstructures. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Microstructure

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High Spatial Resolution Terahertz Time-Domain Imaging of Murine Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Tissues

High Spatial Resolution Terahertz Time-Domain Imaging of Mur...

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2023 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2023

作者： Chakraborty, Debamitra Mills, Bradley N. Cheng, Jing Komissarov, Ivan Gerber, Scott Sobolewski, Roman Materials Science Graduate Program University of Rochester RochesterNY14627-1299 United States Laboratory for Laser Energetics University of Rochester RochesterNY14623 United States Department of Surgery University of Rochester Medical Center RochesterNY14642 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Rochester RochesterNY14627-0231 United States

We developed a terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system to generate high-resolution 2-dimensional images of paraffin-embedded murine pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissues using the refractive index and absorption ... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

关键词： Tissue

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Large effective magnetic fields from chiral phonons in rare-earth halides

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Luo, Jiaming Lin, Tong Zhang, Junjie Chen, Xiaotong Blackert, Elizabeth R. Xu, Rui Yakobson, Boris I. Zhu, Hanyu Department of Materials Science and Nano Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States

Time-reversal symmetry (TRS) is pivotal for materials’ optical, magnetic, topological, and transport properties. Chiral phonons, characterized by atoms rotating unidirectionally around their equilibrium positions, generate dynamic lattice structures that break TRS. Here we report that coherent chiral phonons, driven by circularly polarized terahertz light pulses, can polarize the paramagnetic spins in CeF3 like a quasi-static magnetic field on the order of 1 Tesla. Through time-resolved Faraday rotation and Kerr ellipticity, we found the transient magnetization is only excited by pulses resonant with phonons, proportional to the angular momentum of the phonons, and growing with magnetic susceptibility at cryogenic temperatures, as expected from the spin-phonon coupling model. The time-dependent effective magnetic field quantitatively agrees with that calculated from phonon dynamics. Our results may open a new route to directly investigate mode-specific spin-phonon interaction in ultrafast magnetism, energy-efficient spintronics, and non-equilibrium phases of matter with broken TRS. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Phonons

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Challenges in Developing MOF-Based Membranes for Gas Separation

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Langmuir 2023年第8期39卷 2871-2880页

作者： Kang, Dun-Yen Lee, Jong Suk Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei10617 Taiwan International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei10617 Taiwan Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Sogang University Baekbeom-ro 35 Seoul4107 Korea Republic of Institute of Emergent Materials Sogang University 35 Baekbeom-ro Seoul4107 Korea Republic of

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising candidates for membrane gas separation. MOF-based membranes include pure MOF membranes and MOF-based mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). This Perspective discusses the challenges for the next stage of the development of MOF-based membranes based on research conducted in the past decade. We focused on three major issues associated with pure MOF membranes. First, some MOF compounds have been overstudied, despite the availability of numerous MOFs. Second, gas adsorption and diffusion in MOFs are often independently investigated. The correlation between adsorption and diffusion has seldom been discussed. Third, we identify the importance of characterizing the gas distribution in MOFs to understand the structure-property relationships for gas adsorption and diffusion in MOF membranes. For MOF-based MMMs, engineering the MOF-polymer interface is essential for achieving the desired separation performance. Various approaches to modify the MOF surface or polymer molecular structure have been proposed to improve the MOF-polymer interface. Herein, we present defect engineering as a facile and efficient approach for engineering the MOF-polymer interfacial morphology and its extended application for various gas separations. © 2023 American Chemical Society.

关键词： Organometallics

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Development and Application of a Genetic Algorithm for Selecting High Entropy Alloys with Good Combinations of Mechanical Properties

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Stoco, Caroline Binde Cassar, Daniel Roberto Kaufman, Michael Clarke, Amy Coury, Francisco Gil Federal University of São Carlos Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering SP São Carlos Brazil SP Campinas Brazil Center for Advanced Non-Ferrous Structural Alloys George S. Ansell Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Colorado School of Mines GoldenCO United States

A genetic algorithm was developed to search for high entropy alloys (HEAs) with good combinations of mechanical properties. The algorithm was designed to solve a multi-objective problem of finding single-phase face-centered cubic HEAs with high Hall-Petch constants and high critical resolved shear stresses. The goal was to obtain an alloy with good ductility and strength. The most promising alloy suggested by the genetic algorithm was an unconventional composition (Co32.73Cu15.11Fe0.72Hf0.72Mn35.97Mo3.96Ni10.43Sn0.36);this alloy was experimentally produced and characterized. An advantage of the proposed method is the possibility of more systematically identifying and exploring new compositions in the complex composition space characteristic of these multicomponent alloys. However, the thermodynamic parameters used for this selection process exhibited limitations, which were further explored in the present study, as evidenced by the fact that the microstructure of the selected alloy was not single-phase. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Phase equilibria

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Optimizing Lpbf-Parameters by Box-Behnken Design Allows to Print Crack-Free and Dense High-Boron Alloyed Stainless Steels

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Freitas, Brenda Juliet Martins Koga, Guilherme Yuuki Arneitz, Siegfried Bolfarini, Claudemiro de Traglia Amancio-Filho, Sergio Federal University of São Carlos Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering São Carlos13.565-905 Brazil Graz University of Technology Institute of Materials Science Joining and Forming Graz8010 Austria Federal University of São Carlos Department of Materials Engineering São Carlos13.565-905 Brazil Rod. Washington Luis São Carlos13565-905 Brazil

Boron has almost null solubility in iron, and its addition to stainless steels leads to the formation of hard borides, beneficial for increasing the wear resistance. However, these boron-containing steels have poor printability, with the occurrence of pronounced cracking, high porosity and risk of delamination. In this work Box-Behnken design coupled to analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to optimize the LPBF (Laser Powder Bed Fusion) processing parameters of a highly boron-alloyed stainless steel reinforced with a boride network. The proposed models demonstrated to be accurate to determine the porosity percentage for the studied alloys, in which the laser power and scanning speed play the main role on the alloys’ densification, and absence of extensive defects. These results indicate that the use of design of experiments tools are essential to produce defect-free boron-modified stainless steel specimens with a relatively low number of experiments, identifying a narrow optimized processing window to build bulk composite materials. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Design of experiments

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Ultrafine-Grained Stainless Steel with Wear-Resistant Nanoborides Decorating Grain Boundaries Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Martins Freitas, Brenda Juliet Koga, Guilherme Yuuki Miguel Rodrigues, Luana Cristina Botta Filho, Walter José Amancio-Filho, Sergio de Traglia Bolfarini, Claudemiro Federal University of São Carlos Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering São Carlos13.565-905 Brazil Graz University of Technology Institute of Materials Science Joining and Forming Graz8010 Austria Federal University of São Carlos Department of Materials Engineering São Carlos13.565-905 Brazil Rod. Washington Luis São Carlos13565-905 Brazil

Stainless steel composites combine corrosion resistance and toughness of the metallic matrix with wear resistance granted by hard reinforcing nanoparticles. Given their near-net-shape manufacturing characteristics, additive manufacturing techniques are attractive to produce these hard and wear-resistant classes of materials with low machinability. In this work, from a SAF 2205 duplex stainless steel with boron addition, laser powder bed fusion (LBPF) was employed to produce an ultrafine-grained (~1 µm), dense (porosity ~0.1%), and crack-free ferritic-induced matrix composite with Cr2B-nanoborides reinforcing the grain boundaries (GBs) without formation of Cr-depleted regions. The composite showed significant higher hardness (up to 456 HV0.5) and wear resistance (4.4 x 10-5 mm3 N-1m-1) in sliding condition compared to a hot-rolled (225 HV0.5 and 2.9 x 10-3 mm3 N-1m-1) and a LPBF-produced SAF 2205 (314 HV0.5 and 3.3 x 10-4 mm3 N-1m-1). © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Wear of materials

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A robust bendable IrO_x thin film via mild alkaline solution process for neuron stimulating electrodes

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Surfaces and Interfaces 2024年 44卷

作者： Tso, Kuang-Chih Chan, Tzu-Ying Yu, Tsung-Chun Tao, Yu-Jen Chu, Chao-Yi Chen, San-Yuan Lee, Jyh-Fu Ohta, Jun Chen, Po-Chun Wu, Pu-Wei Graduate Program of Accelerator Light Source National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan Division of Materials Science Graduate School of Science and Technology Nara Institute of Science Technology Nara Ikoma Takayama 8916-5 Japan Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan Institute of Materials Science and Engineering National Taipei University of Technology Taipei 106 Taiwan National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Hsinchu 300 Taiwan

We demonstrate a unique chemical formula to deposit hydrous iridium oxide thin film on a platinum-coated polyimide substrate. In a mild alkaline solution, the iridium (III) precursor undergoes the ligand exchange and hydrolysis reaction to become the iridium (III) dimers that are physically adsorbed on the substrate for subsequent heterogeneous condensation and growth of amorphous hydrous iridium oxide thin film. Both UV–Vis and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) are employed to determine the reaction steps involved. The chemical nature and crystallinity of the hydrous iridium oxide thin film are investigated by XAS, X-ray photon spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The hydrous iridium oxide thin film reveals an impressive normalized charge storage capacity (CSC) of 0.3 mC/cm²-nm and a low impedance (80.5 Ω) at 1k Hz. In addition, in bending test of 3,000 cycles, the hydrous iridium oxide thin film retains 91.2 % of its initial normalized CSC without any physical crack and delamination. The cell viability test suggests negligible bio-toxicity. Our results provide a solid evidence of fabricating a robust flexible electrode for neural interfaces for potential use in implantable electronic devices. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Bio-electrode Flexible substrate Implantable electronic devices Iridium dimers Iridium oxide Polyimide

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ZnO AS AN INDUCER OF SPINEL-LIKE PHASE FORMATION ON ALUMINA-BASED CASTABLES 17

ZnO AS AN INDUCER OF SPINEL-LIKE PHASE FORMATION ON ALUMINA-...

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17th Unified International Technical Conference on Refractories, UNITECR 2022

作者： Borges, O.H. Sardelli, J.A.P. Rocha, R.M. Neto, C. Pagliosa Pandolfelli, V.C. Federal University of Sao Carlos Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering SP Sao Carlos Brazil FIRE Associate Laboratory SP Sao Carlos Brazil RHI Magnesita Research and Development Center Praça Louis Ensch 240 MG Contagem32210-902 Brazil

Environmental and occupational issues regarding Cr6+ formation urge the replacement of chrome-containing refractories by greener alternatives. For the latest decades, magnesium-containing refractories have been investigated for this purpose, however, few studies evaluated the likelihood of using other chemical elements as inducers of spinel-like phase formation in refractory castables. In this work, the addition of zincite (ZnO) in alumina-based vibrated castables bonded with calcium aluminate cement (CAC) or hydratable alumina (HA) was evaluated and compared with its MgO counterpart. The formation of the Zn-based spinel (ZnAl2O4, gahnite) took place at a lower temperature (1100 ºC) than MgAl2O4 (1300 ºC), resulting in the anticipated strengthening of these compositions. Despite the challenges regarding using ZnO - as its volatilization under reduced atmosphere and fast reaction kinetics -, lower linear dimensional changes, comparable cold modulus of rupture and enhanced thermal shock damage resistance was detected. © 2022 Unified International Technical Conference on Refractories, UNITECR 2022 - Proceedings. All rights reserved.

关键词： Zinc oxide

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