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IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium, ESTS

作者： Rodrigo C. Raimundo José V. C. Vargas Juan C. Ordonez Graduate Program in Materials Science Engineering and Sustainable Energy Research and Development Center Federal University of Paraná UFPR Curitiba Brazil Department of Mechanical Engineering Florida State University FSU Tallahassee FL USA

This work proposes a system that combines H2 produced by Al oxidation in water using NaOH as catalyst, and a fuel cell stack to generate power. A cellulosic membrane avoids the use of asbestos (carcinogenic) and ammonia (toxic) based membranes. Aluminum is inexpensive, abundant and fully recyclable. A sustainable alkaline membrane fuel cell (SAMFC) stack with four single cells, the reactor, and CO 2 purifier were built. The results are presented in polarization and power curves. Even with recycled aluminum, the results demonstrate that the SAMFC stack delivered 3.73 V in open circuit and ~3 W of maximum power, which is similar to the stack operating with pure H2. Taking into account that H2 could also be generated by aluminum corrosion in seawater, the main conclusion is that with in situ sustainable H2 production, the SAMFC stack has the potential to become economically competitive, and replace traditional AES power sources.

关键词： Fuel cells Aluminum Voltage measurement Prototypes Electrolytes Current measurement Marine vehicles

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Effect of Zr addition on Knoop hardness of Mg-Sc alloys produced by single-roll rapid solidification

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Keikinzoku/Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals 2023年第12期73卷 639-645页

作者： Minami, Hideki Yamaguchi, Tatsuya Tsukeda, Tadayoshi Aida, Tetsuo Tabata, Hironobu Program of Materials Science and Engineering Studies in Science and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Engineering University of Toyama 3190 Gofuku Toyama-shi Toyama930-8555 Japan Faculty of Sustainable Design Academic Assembly University of Toyama Toyama Toyama-shi Japan CHUETSU METAL WORKS CO. LTD. Nakaniikawa-gun Toyama Japan

Recently, it has been found that Mg-Sc alloys with a body-centered cubic (bcc) structure have excellent workability, strength and ductility, and exhibit superelasticity at room temperature. However, due to the high cost of Sc, such alloys have not yet been put into practical use. Therefore, in this study, Zr, which is less expensive than Sc, was added to a Mg-Sc alloy, and a single-roll rapid solidification method was used to directly obtain ribbons from the molten metal. The thickness of the resulting alloy ribbons was measured using a digital microscope, the crystal phase was identified using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, the microstructure was observed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and the hardness was evaluated by a Knoop hardness test. The results indicated that continuous Mg-Sc-Zr alloy ribbons with a uniform width and a thickness of about 50 μm could be obtained. From the XRD results, the rapid cooling process caused an increase in the fraction of the bcc phase relative to that in a Mg-Sc ingot;this phase is stable at higher temperatures. The Knoop hardness of the Mg-Sc-Zr alloy ribbons was found to increase with increasing Zr content, which is considered to be due to microstructural refinement. © 2023 The Japan Institute of Light Metals.

关键词： Magnesium alloys

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Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Chitosan and Quince Seed Gum Polyelectrolytes as a Ph-Responsive, On-Off Switchable Multilayer Film for Controlled Release of Ibuprofen

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2024年

作者： Kaviani, Alireza Pircheraghi, Gholamreza Bagheri, Reza Azizi Saadatlou, Ghazaleh Demirel, A. Levent Department of Materials Science and Engineering Sharif University of Technology P.O. Box: 11365‐9466 Tehran Iran Materials Science & Engineering Graduate Program Koç University Sarıyer Istanbul34450 Turkey Chemistry Department Koç University Sarıyer Istanbul34450 Turkey

Polysaccharide-based multilayer films have shown substantial potential for drug delivery application. Herein, polyelectrolyte multilayers using Chitosan (CS) and Quince seed gum (QSG) are constructed and the effects of assembly pH, salt concentration, and post-assembly pH are systematically investigated. It was evident that both mass per unit area (10000 ng/cm2) and the wet thickness (107.8 nm) after the deposition of 5 bilayers were accurately estimated by viscoelastic model due to the highly swollen state of films. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) could feasibly demonstrate the development of globular structures during the layer-by-layer assembly. Ellipsometry analysis showed that the variation assembly pH resulted in conformational changes from extended to coiled. Consequently, different optical thicknesses as well as transitions from exponential to linear growth were observed. Moreover, extrinsic charge compensation was responsible for coiling or extensive counterion screening of polyelectrolyte chains depending on the NaCl concentration. CS/QSG films displayed pH-stimulus on–off switching behavior in pH 2 and 7.4 for 3 cycles. The constructed film could absorb 1200 ng/cm2 within 60 min at pH 7.4. The in vitro release kinetic from IBF-loaded samples showed pH dependency. The CS/QSG multilayer film can be considered as a smart and tunable pH stimuli system for drug loading/release applications. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Chitosan

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SR-CLD: spatially-resolved chord length distributions for statistical description, visualization, and alignment of non-uniform microstructures

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Whitman, Sheila E. Latypov, Marat I. Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Applied Mathematics University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States

This study introduces the calculation of spatially-resolved chord length distribution (SR-CLD) as an efficient approach for quantifying and visualizing non-uniform microstructures in heterogeneous materials. SR-CLD enables detailed analysis of spatial variation of microstructure constituent sizes in different directions that can be overlooked with traditional descriptions. We present the calculation of SR-CLD using efficient scan-line algorithm that counts pixels in constituents along pixel rows or columns of microstructure images for detailed, high-resolution SR-CLD maps. We demonstrate the application of SR-CLD in two case studies: one on synthetic polycrystalline microstructures with known and intentionally created uniform and gradient spatial distributions of grain size;and one on experimental images of two-phase microstructures of additively manufactured Ti alloys with significant spatially non-uniform distributions of laths of one of the phases. Additionally, we present how SR-CLDs can enable automated, computationally efficient, and robust alignment of large sets of images for merging into accurate composite images of large microstructure areas. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Titanium alloys

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Terahertz Time-Domain Imaging for Radiotherapy Treatment Monitoring in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Terahertz Time-Domain Imaging for Radiotherapy Treatment Mon...

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CLEO: Applications and Technology in CLEO 2024, CLEO: A and T 2024 - Part of Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

作者： Chakraborty, Debamitra Mills, Bradley N. Cheng, Jing Komissarov, Ivan Gerber, Scott Sobolewski, Roman Materials Science Graduate Program University of Rochester RochesterNY14627 United States Laboratory for Laser Energetics University of Rochester RochesterNY14623-1299 United States Department of Surgery University of Rochester Medical Center RochesterNY14642 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Rochester RochesterNY14627-0231 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171395

Terahertz time-domain imaging was performed of stereotactic body radiotherapy-treated murine pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with a high spatial resolution. To generate 2D maps of the tissue samples, the refractive index and absorption coefficient were used as imaging markers extracted with the maximum a-posteriori probability (MAP) estimation algorithm. The results were then compared with the terahertz maps of untreated murine PDAC tissue samples and demonstrated that terahertz imaging can probe physical changes with high sensitivity in the tissue post treatment. © Optica Publishing Group 2024, © 2024 The Author(s)

关键词： Tissue

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Effect of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate and Hydrogen Peroxide on the Microstructure Evolution of Fiber-Reinforced Lightweight Geopolymer Composite

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Alves, Cleidson Rosa Muller, Anderson Augusto Dal-Bó, Alexandre Gonçalves Bernandin, Adriano Michael Civil Engineering Department Federal Institute of Santa Catarina Santa Catarina Criciúma Brazil Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina Santa Catarina Criciúma Brazil Ceramic Materials Group United States

Lightweight geopolymers have the potential for innovative applications, such as low thermal conductivity material, pH regulator, adsorbent material, and lightweight concrete. However, these materials are often fragile due to their high porosity. In this study, the combined effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the pore formation of a geopolymeric mortar reinforced with glass fiber and polypropylene fibers was investigated. The aim was to improve the distribution and morphology of pores, resulting in lower thermal conductivity. Lightweight mortars were produced using metakaolin, alkaline activators, and standardized sand. The innovation in this study lies in the incorporation of fibers as reinforcement in lightweight geopolymers and the microstructural changes resulting from the combination of the pore-forming agent (H2O2) with surfactant (SDS). The microstructural evolution in the fresh state, and density, porosity, and thermal conductivity in the hardened state were evaluated. As a result, the combined use of reinforcement fibers and control of pore volume is effective in the control of the microstructure of the mortar and, as a consequence, its thermal conductivity. SDS significantly contributes to foam stabilization, leading to improvements in thermal conductivity (0.15 W/m.K), Bulk density (1000 kg/m3), and a reduction in the average pore size. This suggests that these materials can be used for both thermal insulation and the construction of lightweight structural walls. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Thermal insulation

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Structural engineering of graphene for high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy

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SmartMat 2021年第2期2卷 202-212页

作者： Jie Xu Xiaoya Cui Nan Liu Yanan Chen Hong-Wei Wang Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural BiologySchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina Joint Graduate Program of Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS School of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina

The revolutionary improvement of hardware and algorithm in cryogenic electron microscopy(cryo-EM)has made it a routine method to obtain structures of macromolecules at near-atomic ***,this technique still faces many *** structure-solving efficiency of cryo-EM can be significantly reduced by the biomolecules'denaturation on the air–water interfaces,the preferred orientation,strong background noise from supporting films and particle motion,and so *** overcome these problems,nanomaterials with ultrahigh electronic conductivity and ultrathin thickness are explored as promising cryo-EM specimen supporting ***,we summarize the structural engineering of graphene,for example,surface and interface modification,as supporting films for grids and the application on high-resolution cryo-EM and discuss potential future perspectives.

关键词： graphene high-resolution cryogenic electron microscopy life science liquid cell tomography

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Learning from 2D: machine learning of 3D effective properties of heterogeneous materials based on 2D microstructure sections

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Hu, Guangyu Latypov, Marat I. Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Applied Mathematics University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States

Microstructure–property relationships are key to effective design of structural materials for advanced applications. Advances in computational methods enabled modeling microstructure-sensitive properties using 3D models (e.g., finite elements) based on microstructure representative volumes. 3D microstructure data required as input to these models are typically obtained from either 3D characterization experiments or digital reconstruction based on statistics from 2D microstructure images. In this work, we present machine learning (ML) approaches to modeling effective properties of heterogeneous materials directly from 2D microstructure sections. To this end, we consider statistical learning models based on spatial correlations and convolutional neural networks as two distinct ML strategies. In both strategies, models are trained on a dataset of synthetically generated 3D microstructures and their properties obtained from micromechanical 3D simulations. Upon training, the models predict properties from 2D microstructure sections. The advantage of the presented models is that they only need 2D sections, whose experimental acquisition is more accessible compared to 3D characterization. Furthermore, the present models do not require digital reconstruction of 3D microstructures. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Microstructure

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AnisoGNN: graph neural networks generalizing to anisotropic properties of polycrystals

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

We present AnisoGNNs - graph neural networks (GNNs) that generalize predictions of anisotropic properties of polycrystals in arbitrary testing directions without the need in excessive training data. To this end, we develop GNNs with a physics-inspired combination of node attributes and aggregation function. We demonstrate the excellent generalization capabilities of AnisoGNNs in predicting anisotropic elastic and inelastic properties of two alloys. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Anisotropy

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Multi-layer planar micro-coils chip as actuators and heaters for biological applications

Multi-layer planar micro-coils chip as actuators and heaters...

引用

IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems (BIOCAS)

作者： Chen-Chia Chen Shih-Hsun Hsu Chen-Hsiang Sang Chih-Chyau Yang Chien-Ming Wu Chun-Ming Huang Jeng-Tzong Sheu National Chip implementation Center National Applied Research Laboratories Hsinchu Taiwan Graduate Program for Nanotechnology Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Chiao-Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan

In this paper, a multi-functional of multi-layer planar micro-coils chip is demonstrated to play as actuators and heaters. For playing as actuators, the micro-coil generate local magnetic field with applied current of 15 mA to quickly manipulated magnetic beads to center of micro-coil within one minute. For functioning as heaters, the micro-coil heater can be quickly heated up to denatured temperature of 95 °C with input power of 50.5 mW, and its heating and cooling rate are 19.7 and 11.8 °C/s, respectively. For the typical 25 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) cycles, it took only 770 seconds. To further shrink and optimize the multi-layer planar micro-coils chip can be possibly used to manipulate single cell with magnetic beads to specific region and analyze its gene sequence by using single cell PCR technique.

关键词： Temperature measurement Resistance heating Magnetic multilayers Metals Resistance Cooling

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