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17th Unified International Technical Conference on Refractories, UNITECR 2022

作者： Moreira, M.H. Santos, M.F. Pandolfelli, V.C. Federal University of Sao Carlos Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering SP Sao Carlos Brazil

Technology advances in the last century were able to reshape the world we live in. Relationships were physically and virtually changed by innovations going from transportation (engines, airplanes), to communication, (with phones, internet, and satellites). Considering this, the abilities and skills required for the young professionals have been shifting dramatically, and the refractory industry has demanded those that understand this new world and are able to solve its challenging problems. Because of the complexity of materials knowledge, which includes the latest advances in modeling and data science, a sophisticated blend of fundamental concepts and advanced techniques that defies how to promote education effectively was generated. For instance, the heat transfer mechanisms within the refractory material can be both discussed on the fundamental level or on how to perform advanced simulations to describe it, granting the engineer the ability to solve real-life problems. The present work aims to classify this new set of needed tools, explore options to conciliate fundamentals with advanced tools and conjecture strategies to educate the present and future professionals. As a conclusion, the minimum package of skills is presented considering the association of industry, academics, students and computing, all synergistically working together to solve the new challenges and promote true innovation. © 2022 Unified International Technical Conference on Refractories, UNITECR 2022 - Proceedings. All rights reserved.

关键词： Refractory materials

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Noble Metal-Supported CeO₂ Catalysts for Hydrogen Production via Ethanol Steam Reforming

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ChemCatChem 2025年

作者： Silva, Felipe Anchieta e Marques, Eduardo do Espírito Santo Fonseca, Fabio Coral Gurlo, Aleksander Rodrigues, Thenner Silva Nanotechnology Engineering Program Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Av. Horácio Macedo 2030 Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941–972 Brazil Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares IPEN/CNEN-SP Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2242 São Paulo São Paulo 05508-000 Brazil Faculty III Process Sciences Institute of Materials Science and Technology Chair of Advanced Ceramic Materials Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 135 Berlin 10623 Germany

This study investigates the synthesis, characterization, and catalytic performance of noble metal-supported cerium oxide (M/CeO2, where M = Au, Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru) catalysts for ethanol steam reforming, a promis... 详细信息

This study investigates the synthesis, characterization, and catalytic performance of noble metal-supported cerium oxide (M/CeO₂, where M = Au, Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru) catalysts for ethanol steam reforming, a promising method for sustainable hydrogen production. A urea-assisted deposition approach was employed to deposit noble metal nanoparticles uniformly on CeO₂ without stabilizers, preserving the support's crystallinity and enhancing reducibility through strong metal-support interactions. Catalytic tests at 550 °C over 24 h revealed significant differences in activity and the products distribution based on the metal used. Rh/CeO₂ demonstrated the highest performance, achieving complete ethanol conversion and 37.75% hydrogen production, attributed to its efficient C─C and C─H bond cleavage. Pt/CeO₂ and Ru/CeO₂ also displayed high activity and stability, whereas Pd/CeO₂ and Au/CeO₂ primarily produced acetaldehyde due to preferential C─H bond scission. Post-reaction analysis confirmed minimal carbon deposition across all catalysts, with Rh/CeO₂ exhibiting the highest resistance to coke formation. These findings emphasize the importance of noble metal choice and metal-support interactions in optimizing catalyst performance. Rh, Pt, and Ru emerged as the most promising candidates for efficient hydrogen production. This study develops advanced catalysts optimized for renewable energy use for hydrogen production via ethanol steam reforming. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Catalytic activity and stability Cerium oxide support Ethanol steam reforming Hydrogen production Noble metal catalysts

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Machine learning of organic solvents reveals an extraordinary axis in Hansen space as indicator of spherical precipitation of polymers

Aggregate

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Aggregate 2023年第5期4卷 207-213页

作者： Yuta Ihara Hiroshi Yamagishi Masanobu Naito Yohei Yamamoto Department of Materials Science Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciencesand Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science(TREMS)University of TsukubaTsukubaJapan Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System(MaDIS) National Institute for Materials Science(NIMS)TsukubaJapan Program in Materials Science and Engineering Graduate School of Pure and Applied SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan

Machine learning is an emerging tool in the field of materials chemistry for uncovering a principle from large ***,we focus on the spherical precipitation behavior of polymers and computationally extract a hidden trend that is orthogonal to the availability bias in the chemical *** constructing a dataset,four polymers were precipitated from 416 solvent/nonsolvent combinations,and the morphology of the resulting precipitates were *** dataset was subjected to computational investigations consisting of principal component analysis and machine learning based on random forest model and support vector ***,we eliminated the effect of the availability bias and found a linear combination of Hansen parameters to be the most suitable variable for predicting precipitation *** predicted appropriate solvents are those with low hydrogen bonding capability,low polarity,and small molecular ***,we found that the capability for spherical precipitation is orthogonal to the availability bias and forms an extraordinary axis in Hansen space,which is the origin of the conventional difficulty in identifying the *** extraordinary axis points toward a void region,indicating the potential value of synthesizing novel solvents located therein.

关键词： chemical space computational chemistry machine learning polymers precipitation

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Evaluation of Solubilization Time in Uncontrolled Atmosphere on Grain Growth, Phase Transformation Temperatures, and Mechanical Properties in a CuAlBe SMA

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Metallurgical and materials Transactions A: Physical Metallurgy and materials science 2025年

作者： da Silva Franco, Luiz Henrique Caluête, Rafael Evaristo de Lima, Bruno Alessandro Silva Guedes de Oliveira, Danniel Ferreira Brito, Ieverton Caiandre Andrade Department of Materials Engineering Federal University of Paraíba PB João Pessoa58051-900 Brazil Department of Mechanical Engineering Federal University of Paraíba PB João Pessoa58051-900 Brazil Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering Federal University of Paraíba PB João Pessoa58051-900 Brazil

Thermomechanical properties of SMAs are strongly affected by the metallurgical conditions imposed during their production. In this work, experiments were performed to investigate the behavior of the Cu–11.8Al–0.50Be (wt pct) SMA during solubilization at different times under an uncontrolled atmosphere. The results presented serve as a basis for predicting the macrostructure and thermomechanical properties in practical applications using CuAlBe SMAs. The grain growth evaluated by OM proved to be extremely sensitive to treatment time even after short intervals, tending to stabilize after 12 hours. Chemical analysis by EDS indicated a small variation in Al content produced during solidification, with 3 hours being enough to homogenize the Al concentration throughout the ingot despite producing a microstructure with non-uniform grain size. This variation in Al is not significant enough to influence the phase transformation temperatures, with the changes attributed to the grain growth and loss of Be by oxidation. ¼ hour resulted in the lowest values for maximum stress/strain, while 24 hours of solubilization showed the highest values of strain with small dispersion. The mixed fracture type (brittle/ductile) observed by SEM in the ¼ hour samples supports the hypothesis that ¼ hour is insufficient to dissolve the phases formed during solidification. This effect is aggravated by the strong elastic anisotropy, which contributes to embrittlement during quenching. © The Minerals, Metals & materials Society and ASM International 2025.

关键词： Setting

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Preliminary evaluation of the physical properties of red ceramic incorporated with solid residue

Preliminary evaluation of the physical properties of red cer...

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MRS Advances

作者： Nunes, Francine M. Rangel, Eduarda M. Machado, Fernando M. Camaratta, Rubens Cardoso, Letícia P. Nascimento, Lucas J. Program Post Graduate in Materials Science and Engineering Street Gomes Carneiro Number 1 Pelotas-RS Brazil Undergraduate in Materials Engineering United States

The food processing industry highlights the daily generation of large amounts of eggshell solid residue. In this way, this residue becomes a non renewable raw material to be reused as an additive in red ceramics, in order to reduce the volume of disposal to the environment and improve the physical properties of the product. The objective of this work was to evaluate the forming moisture, linear shrinkage of drying and shrinkage of drying burning of ceramic test pieces (CS's) with formulations with 2% and 3% of white eggshell residue (ER) incorporated in clay. The clay and ER were collected in the city of Pelotas-RS. The ER sample was analyzed by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). After pressing, natural and artificial drying was carried out and the CS's were burned. These were evaluated through normative parameters C-020/95, C-021/95 and C-026/95. The values obtained for the forming moisture were between 5.82 and 8.78%, for the linear shrinkage of drying between 0.10 and 0.43% and, for the linear contraction burning between -0.29 and 0.08%. The results showed that the addition of ER to the ceramic mass helped in the reduction of the forming moisture and the linear shrinkage of the ceramic test pieces. © 2018 materials Research Society.

关键词： Moisture

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Production and characterisation of ceramic foams from industrial solid waste

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Chemical engineering Transactions 2015年 43卷 1783-1788页

作者： Zilli, Marina Arcaro, Sabrina Cesconeto, Francielly R. De Oliveira Maia, Bianca G. Pereira, Fabiano R. Novaes De Oliveira, Antonio P. Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering - PGMAT Laboratory of Glass-Ceramic Materials - VITROCER Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC Florianópolis-SC88040-900 Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9788895608341

This work has as objective to produce and to characterize ceramic foams from glass bottles, sludge from sewage treatment station and graphite (0 - 10 wt%) as a foaming agent. Different compositions were formulated and prepared to obtain materials with controlled porosity for applications where thermal insulation is the main requirement. The raw materials of the prepared compositions were mixed and uniaxially pressed at 40 MPa. Subsequently, the prepared samples were dried and fired at different temperatures (800 - 950 °C) for 30 minutes, respectively. The raw materials and obtained ceramic foams were characterized in terms of their chemical, morphological, thermal and mechanical properties. The results showed that it is possible to produce ceramic foams for thermal insulation with optimized compositions containing 90 vol% glass and 10 vol% sludge with addition of 10 wt% graphite. The ceramic foams showed porosities between 40 and 70 %, thermal conductivity from 0.101 to 0.175 W/mK and compressive strength between 6.4 and 12.5 MPa. Copyright © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.

关键词： Thermal insulation

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Size-dependent infiltration and optical detection of nucleic acids in nanoscale pores

Size-dependent infiltration and optical detection of nucleic...

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作者： Lawrie, Jenifer L. Jiao, Yang Weiss, Sharon M. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Materials Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 United States

Experiments and complimentary simulations are presented to demonstrate the size-dependent infiltration and detection of variable length nucleic acids in porous silicon with controllable pore diameters in the range of 15-60 nm. The pore diameter must be tuned according to target molecule size in order to most effectively balance sensitivity and size-exclusion. A quantitative relationship between pore size (15-60 nm), nucleic acid length (up to ~5.3 nm), and sensor response is presented with smallermolecules detected more sensitively in smaller pores as long as the pore diameter is sufficient to enable molecular infiltration and binding in the pores. The density of probe molecules on the pore walls and subsequent hybridization efficiency for targetmolecule binding are also reported and are shown to depend strongly on the method of infiltration as well as the target molecule size.© 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Porous silicon

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Bridging Gaps in the Synthesis of g-CN/WO_3-x for Photocatalytic H₂O₂ Generation: Insights into S-Scheme Heterojunction and Plasmon-Induced Hot Electrons

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Langmuir 2025年 2025 May 21页

作者： Basak, Aleyna Ozer, Melek Sermin Eroglu, Zafer Sun, Kang Metin, Onder Department of Chemistry College of Sciences Koç University Istanbul 34450 Turkey Materials Science and Engineering Program Graduate School of Science and Engineering Koç University Istanbul 34450 Turkey Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China Surface Science and Technology Center (KUYTAM) Koç University Istanbul 34450 Turkey

This study presents a systematic design for fabricating g-CN/WO3-x S-scheme heterojunctions with plasmonic features (localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and hot electrons) to achieve superb photocatalytic H2O2 ... 详细信息

This study presents a systematic design for fabricating g-CN/WO_3-x S-scheme heterojunctions with plasmonic features (localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and hot electrons) to achieve superb photocatalytic H₂O₂ production activity. To optimize the synthesis, a rational approach is employed to how synthesis parameters influence the emergence of LSPR and hot electrons in WO_3-x and their effect on the heterojunction’s performance. As a result of such a comprehensive strategy, the developed synthesis methodology effectively bridges gaps in the literature, addressing underexplored strategies for improving photocatalytic efficiency for the controlled synthesis of the g-CN/WO_3-x heterojunction. The plasmonic characteristics attributed to oxygen deficiency in WO₃ (WO_3-x) and g-CN/WO_3-x and interactions of g-CN and WO_3-x at the atomic level are further corroborated through a comprehensive analysis employing X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Thanks to the presence of WO_3-x, the light-harvesting ability of g-CN/WO_3-x heterojunctions spans from the visible to near-infrared region. Moreover, the generation of hot electrons on the surface of WO_3-x mitigates electron-hole recombination in the binary heterojunction. Consequently, the g-CN/WO_3-x S-scheme heterojunctions synthesized with the optimal recipe provided a superior photocatalytic H₂O₂ generation rate of 1349.70 μmol·L^-1 in 10% (v/v) aqueous methanol solution within 90 min, which is 2.36 and 7.17 times greater than that of pristine g-CN and WO_3-x, respectively, superior to other similar photocatalysts tested in photocatalytic H₂O₂ production. The superb photocatalytic activity of the g-CN/WO_3-x heterojuncti

关键词： Surface plasmon resonance

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Identifying materials-Level Sources of Performance Variation in Superconducting Transmon Qubits

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Murthy, Akshay A. Bal, Mustafa Bedzyk, Michael J. Cansizoglu, Hilal Chan, Randall K. Chandrasekhar, Venkat Crisa, Francesco Datta, Amlan Deng, Yanpei Matute Diaz, Celeo D. Dravid, Vinayak P. Garcia-Wetten, David A. Garattoni, Sabrina Ghimire, Sunil Goronzy, Dominic P. de Graaf, Sebastian E. Haeuser, Sam Hersam, Mark C. Isheim, Dieter Joshi, Kamal Kim, Richard Kolachina, Saagar Kopas, Cameron J. Kramer, Matthew J. Lachman, Ella O. Lee, Jaeyel Lim, Peter G. Lunin, Andrei Mah, William Marshall, Jayss Mutus, Josh Y. Oh, Jin-Su Pappas, David P. Park, Joong-Mok Prozorov, Ruslan dos Reis, Roberto Seidman, David N. Sung, Zuhawn Tanatar, Makariy Walker, Mitchell J. Wang, Jigang Wu, Haotian Zhou, Lin Zhu, Shaojiang Grassellino, Anna Romanenko, Alexander BataviaIL60510 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Rigetti Computing BerkeleyCA94710 United States Ames National Laboratory AmesIA50011 United States Department of Physics & Astronomy Iowa State University AmesIA50011 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States The NUANCE Center Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States International Institute of Nanotechnology Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States National Physical Laboratory TeddingtonTW11 0LW United Kingdom Department of Chemistry Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Iowa State University AmesIA50011 United States

The Superconducting materials and Systems (SQMS) Center, a DOE National Quantum Information science Research Center, has conducted a comprehensive and coordinated study using superconducting transmon qubit chips with known performance metrics to identify the underlying materials-level sources of device-to-device performance variation. Following qubit coherence measurements, these qubits of varying base superconducting metals and substrates have been examined with various nondestructive and invasive material characterization techniques at Northwestern University, Ames National Laboratory, and Fermilab as part of a blind study. We find trends in variations of the depth of the etched substrate trench, the thickness of the surface oxide, and the geometry of the sidewall, which when combined, lead to correlations with the T1 lifetime across different devices. In addition, we provide a list of features that varied from device to device, for which the impact on performance requires further studies. Finally, we identify two low-temperature characterization techniques that may potentially serve as proxy tools for qubit measurements. These insights provide materials-oriented solutions to not only reduce performance variations across neighboring devices, but also to engineer and fabricate devices with optimal geometries to achieve performance metrics beyond the state-of-the-art values. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Qubits

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A NEW DYNAMIC CORROSION TEST FOR DENTAL materials

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DENTAL materials 1989年第6期5卷 411-414页

作者： MELETIS, EI GIBBS, CA LIAN, K Louisiana State University Materials Science Engineering Program Mechanical Engineering Department Baton Rouge LA 70803-6413 United States University of California Biomedical Engineering Graduate Group Davis CA 95616 United States

A new laboratory technique has been developed in an effort to simulate the deterioration processes occurring in dental amalgam restorations while they are exposed to attack by the oral environment and simultaneously subjected to biting forces during mastication. This combined mechanical wear and corrosion action may be one of the major contributors to the degradation of dental amalgam restorations. The technique provides the capability of varying and measuring electrochemical and mechanical parameters during a sliding-wear process in a corrosive environment. A high-copper dental amalgam was selected and tested to demonstrate the applicability of the method in evaluating and studying the effects of the combined action of wear and corrosion processes on dental materials. For the particular amalgam material tested in the present study, it was found that sliding-wear significantly lowered its corrosion potential and increased corrosion rates by at least one order of magnitude.

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