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arXiv 2022年

作者： Treado, John D. Roddy, Adam B. Théroux-Rancourt, Guillaume Zhang, Liyong Ambrose, Chris Brodersen, Craig Shattuck, Mark D. O’Hern, Corey S. Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science Integrated Graduate Program in Physical and Engineering Biology Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Institute of Environment Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University MiamiFL33199 United States University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research Institute of Botany Vienna1180 Austria Department of Biology College of Arts and Science University of Saskatchewan SaskatoonS7N 5E2 Canada School of the Environment Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Physics Benjamin Levich Institute City College of New York New YorkNY10031 United States Department of Physics Department of Applied Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States

The spongy mesophyll is a complex, porous tissue found in plant leaves that enables carbon capture and provides mechanical stability. Unlike many other biological tissues, which remain confluent throughout development, the spongy mesophyll must develop from an initially confluent tissue into a tortuous network of cells with a large proportion of intercellular airspace. How the airspace in the spongy mesophyll develops while the cells remain mechanically stable remains unknown. Here, we used computer simulations of deformable particles to develop a purely mechanical model for the development of the spongy mesophyll tissue. By stipulating that (1) cell perimeter grows only near voids, (2) cells both form and break adhesive bonds, and (3) the tissue pressure remains constant, the computational model was able to recapitulate the developmental trajectory of the microstructure of the spongy mesophyll observed in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. Robust generation of pore space in the spongy mesophyll requires a balance of cell growth, adhesion, stiffness and tissue pressure to ensure cell networks remain both porous yet mechanically robust. The success of this mechanical model of tissue growth and porosity evolution suggests that simple physical principles can coordinate and drive the development of complex plant tissues like the spongy mesophyll. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Tissue

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The Japanese Vision for the Black Hole Explorer Mission

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Akiyama, Kazunori Niinuma, Kotaro Hada, Kazuhiro Doi, Akihiro Hagiwara, Yoshiaki Higuchi, Aya E. Honma, Mareki Kawashima, Tomohisa Kolev, Dimitar Koyama, Shoko Masui, Sho Ohsuga, Ken Sano, Hidetoshi Takami, Hideki Tsunetoe, Yuh Uzawa, Yoshinori Akahori, Takuya Akiyama, Yuto Galison, Peter Hayashi, Takayuki J. Hirota, Tomoya Inoue, Makoto Iwata, Yuhei Johnson, Michael D. Kino, Motoki Kofuji, Yutaro Mizuno, Yosuke Moriyama, Kotaro Nagai, Hiroshi Nakamura, Kenta Notsu, Shota Ono, Fumie Oya, Yoko Oyama, Tomoaki Rana, Hannah Saida, Hiromi Saito, Ryo Saito, Yoshihiko Sasada, Mahito Sawada-Satoh, Satoko Takahashi, Mikiya M. Takamura, Mieko Tong, Edward Tsuji, Hiroyuki Yoshioka, Shogo Watanabe, Yoshimasa Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory WestfordMA01886 United States Mizusawa VLBI Observatory National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Iwate023-0861 Japan Black Hole Initiative Harvard University CambridgeMA02138 United States Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation Yamaguchi University Yamaguchi753-8512 Japan The Graduate School of Science Nagoya City University Aichi467-0001 Japan Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Kanagawa252-5210 Japan Department of Space and Astronautical Science The Graduate University for Advanced Studies SOKENDAI Kanagawa229-8510 Japan Natural Science Laboratory Toyo University Tokyo112-8606 Japan Division of Science School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Denki University Saitama350-0394 Japan Department of Astronomy Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo113-0033 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo Chiba277-8582 Japan Space Communication Systems Laboratory Wireless Networks Research Center National Institute of Information and Communications Technology Tokyo184-8795 Japan Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University Niigata950-2181 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Tokyo181-8588 Japan Center for Computational Sciences University of Tsukuba Ibaraki305-8577 Japan Faculty of Engineering Gifu University Gifu501-1193 Japan Harvard University CambridgeMA02138 United States Azabu Junior and Senior High School Tokyo106-0046 Japan Astronomical Science Program The Graduate University for Advanced Studies SOKENDAI Tokyo181-8588 Japan Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica Taipei10617 Taiwan Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian CambridgeMA02138 United States Kogakuin University of Technology & Engineering Academic Support Center 2665-1 Nakano Hachioji Tokyo192-0015 Japan Tsung-Dao Lee Institut

The Black Hole Explorer (BHEX) is a next-generation space very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) mission concept that will extend the ground-based millimeter/submillimeter arrays into space. The mission, closely aligned with the science priorities of the Japanese VLBI community, involves an active engagement of this community in the development of the mission, resulting in the formation of the Black Hole Explorer Japan Consortium. Here we present the current Japanese vision for the mission, ranging from scientific objectives to instrumentation. The Consortium anticipates a wide range of scientific investigations, from diverse black hole physics and astrophysics studied through the primary VLBI mode, to the molecular universe explored via a potential single-dish observation mode in the previously unexplored 50-70 GHz band that would make BHEX the highest-sensitivity explorer ever of molecular oxygen. A potential major contribution for the onboard instrument involves supplying essential elements for its high-sensitivity dual-band receiving system, which includes a broadband 300 GHz SIS mixer and a space-certified multi-stage 4.5K cryocooler akin to those used in the Hitomi and XRISM satellites by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. Additionally, the Consortium explores enhancing and supporting BHEX operations through the use of millimeter/submillimeter facilities developed by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, coupled with a network of laser communication stations operated by the National Institute of Information and Communication Technology. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Radio astronomy

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Antimicrobial Potential of Linear Low-Density Polyethylene Food Packages with Ag Nanoparticles in Different Carriers (Sio2 and Hap)

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2023年

作者： da Costa Brito, Sabrina Pereira, Vinicius Alex Cano Prado, Ana Carolina Figueiredo Tobias, Thais Juliana Paris, Elaine Cristina Ferreira, Marcos David São Paulo State University "Julio de Mesquita Filho" Rod. Araraquara Jaú Km 01 SP Araraquara14800-903 Brazil Embrapa Instrumentação Rua XV de Novembro 1452 SP São Carlos13560-970 Brazil Biotechnology Graduate Program Federal University of São Carlos Rod. Washington Luís Km 235 – C. P.676 SP São Carlos13.565-905 Brazil Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering Federal University of São Carlos Rod. Washington Luís Km 235 – C. P.676 SP São Carlos13.565-905 Brazil Chemistry Graduate Program University of Sao Paulo Av. Trabalhador São-carlense 400 SP São Carlos13.560-970 Brazil Postgraduate Program in Chemistry Federal University of São Carlos Rod. Washington Luís Km 235 – C. P.676 SP São Carlos13.565-905 Brazil

This study intended to verify the antimicrobial efficacy of linear low-density polyethylene films incorporated with silver nanoparticles dispersed in silica and hydroxyapatite carriers at different concentrations. The silver nanoparticles showed a superior inhibitory action on S. aureus and hydroxyapatite was more effective, being this a potential for use in food packaging. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Polymer films

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Investigation of Spontaneous Pt Deposition on Carbonaceous materials for Fuel Cell Applications

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ECS Meeting Abstracts 2011年第39期MA2011-01卷

作者： Che-Wei Kuo Yu-Chi Hsieh Pu-Wei Wu Jyh-Fu Lee Graduate Program for Science &Technology of Accelerator Light Source National Chiao Tung University Room 502 Engineering VI No.1001 Daxue Rd. Hsinchu City 300 Taiwan (R.O.C.) Hsinchu City 30010 Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Chiao Tung University National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center

Abstract not Available.

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Effects of sodium alginate-poly(acrylic acid) cross-linked hydrogel beads on soil conditioner in the absence and presence of phosphate and carbonate ions

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Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental engineering 2024年 9卷

作者： Hidayat, Endar Sarbani, Nur Maisarah Mohamad Lahiri, Sudip Kumar Samitsu, Sadaki Yonemura, Seiichiro Mitoma, Yoshiharu Harada, Hiroyuki Graduate School of Comprehensive Scientific Research Program in Biological System Sciences Prefectural University of Hiroshima Shobara 727-0023 Japan Department of Life System Science Faculty of Bioresources Science Prefectural University of Hiroshima Shobara 727-0023 Japan Data-driven Polymer Design Group Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials National Institute for Materials Science 1−2−1 Sengen Tsukuba 305-0047 Japan Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering University of Toronto Toronto M5S 3G8 ON Canada Faculty of Allied Health Sciences Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute Chettinad Academy of Research and Education Tamil Nadu Kelambakkam 603103 India

Hydrogel beads, composed of polymers, possess the ability to absorb substantial quantities of water simultaneously and gradually release it in dry conditions. In this work, hydrogel beads were synthesized using sodium alginate (S-Alg) and poly (acrylic acid) (P-Acc), either in the absence or presence of phosphate (PO₄ ³⁻) (S-Alg/P-Acc@PO₄ ³⁻) and carbonate (CO₃ ²⁻) anionic ions (S-Alg/P-Acc@CO₃ ²⁻). Subsequently, these beads were crosslinked with Ca²⁺ ions. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images demonstrated that the presence of anionic ions has an impact on the structure of the hydrogel beads and enhances porosity expansion while concurrently reducing the concentration of carboxyl (COOH) groups. The hydrogel beads exhibited a great swelling behavior, with S-Alg/P-Acc@CO₃ ²⁻ capable of absorbing up to 73.5 % of water in acidic conditions, but decreased under neutral and basic conditions. Soil water loss (SWL) experiments confirmed the ability of hydrogel beads to retain water in the soil. Additionally, observations of soil characteristics after a 14-day treatment revealed no significant difference in pH and C/N ratio (P-value <0.05). However, soil's available Fe and N–NO₃ ^- significantly reduced (P-value <0.05) while substantially promoting soil N–NH₄ ⁺, available phosphorus (P), cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil organic carbon (SOC), and exchangeable cation (Ca²⁺, K⁺ and Mg²⁺). The presence of hydroxyl (-OH) and –COOH groups was found to be crucial for enhancing soil properties. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Anionic ions Hydrogel beads Poly (acrylic acid) Sodium alginate Soil characteristics Soil water retention Swelling

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Ubiquitous Flat Bands in a Cr-based Kagome Superconductor

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Guo, Yucheng Wang, Zehao Xie, Fang Huang, Yuefei Gao, Bin Oh, Ji Seop Wu, Han Liu, Zhaoyu Ren, Zheng Fang, Yuan Biswas, Ananya Zhang, Yichen Yue, Ziqin Hu, Cheng Jozwiak, Chris Bostwick, Aaron Rotenberg, Eli Hashimoto, Makoto Lu, Donghui Kono, Junichiro Chu, Jiun-Haw Yakobson, Boris I. Birgeneau, Robert J. Si, Qimiao Dai, Pengcheng Yi, Ming Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Physics University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Physics University of Washington Washington98105 United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo ParkCA94025 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States

In the quest for novel quantum states driven by topology and correlation, kagome lattice materials have garnered significant interest due to their distinctive electronic band structures, featuring flat bands (FBs) arising from the quantum destructive interference of the electronic wave function. The tuning of the FBs to the chemical potential would lead to the possibility of liberating electronic instabilities that lead to emergent electronic orders. Despite extensive studies, direct evidence of FBs tuned to the chemical potential and their participation in emergent electronic orders have been lacking in bulk quantum materials. Here using a combination of Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (ARPES) and Density Functional Theory (DFT), we reveal that the low-energy electronic structure of the recently discovered Cr-based kagome metal superconductor CsCr3Sb5 is dominated by a pervasive FB in close proximity to, and below the Fermi level. A comparative analysis with orbital-projected DFT and polarization dependence measurement uncovers that an orbital-selective renormalization mechanism is needed to reconcile the discrepancy with the DFT calculations, which predict the FB to appear 200 meV above the Fermi level. Furthermore, we observe the FB to shift away from the Fermi level by 20 meV in the low-temperature density wave-ordered phase, highlighting the role of the FB in the emergent electronic order. Our results reveal CsCr3Sb5 to stand out as a promising platform for further exploration into the effects of FBs near the Fermi level on kagome lattices, and their role in emergent orders in bulk quantum materials. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Density functional theory

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Supercapacitors: Carbon-Nanosheet Based Large-Area Electrochemical Capacitor that is Flexible, Foldable, Twistable, and Stretchable (Small 43/2018)

引用

Small 2018年第43期14卷

作者： Jong Han Jun Hyeonjun Song Changsoon Kim In-Suk Choi Youngjin Jeong Ji-Hoon Lee Department of Information Communication Materials and Chemistry Convergence Technology Soongsil University Seoul 06978 Republic of Korea Program in Nano Science and Technology Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology Suwon Gyeonggi 16229 Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea Department of Organic Materials and Fiber Engineering Soongsil University Seoul 06978 Republic of Korea Advanced Functional Thin Films Department Surface Technology Division Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS) Changwon Gyeongnam 51508 Republic of Korea

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Inside Cover: Nonplanar Butterfly-Shaped π-Expanded Pyrrolopyrroles (Chem. Eur. J. 46/2016)

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Chemistry – A European Journal 2016年第46期22卷 16326-16326页

作者： Maciej Krzeszewski Takuya Kodama Eli M. Espinoza Prof. Dr. Valentine I. Vullev Prof. Dr. Takashi Kubo Prof. Dr. Daniel T. Gryko Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44–52 01-224 Warsaw Poland Department of Bioengineering Department of Biochemistry Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California Riverside California 92521 USA Graduate School of Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan

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Giant Deep-Ultraviolet Circular Dichroism in Synthetic Architectures of Ordered Carbon Nanotubes

Giant Deep-Ultraviolet Circular Dichroism in Synthetic Archi...

引用

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Jacques Doumani Minhan Lou Oliver Dewey Nina Hong Jichao Fan Andrey Baydin Matteo Pasquali Yohei Yomogida Kazuhiro Yanagi Riichiro Saito Junichiro Kono Weilu Gao Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston TX USA Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston TX USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA Carbon Hub Rice University Houston TX USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice University Houston TX USA J.A. Woollam Co. Lincoln NE USA The Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston TX USA Department of Chemistry Rice University Houston TX USA Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University Houston TX USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Tokyo Metropolitan University Tokyo Japan Department Physics Tohoku University Sendai Japan Department Physics and Astronomy Rice University Houston TX USA

We demonstrate tunable, giant, and structure-induced deep-ultraviolet circular dichroism in macroscopically chiral assemblies of racemic carbon nanotubes prepared using two approaches: mechanical-rotation-assisted vac... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

关键词： Carbon nanotubes Chiral media Dichroism Graphene Optical activity Quantum information

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Loss tangent fluctuations due to two-level systems in superconducting microwave resonators

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Vallières, A. Russell, M.E. You, X. Garcia-Wetten, D.A. Goronzy, D.P. Walker, M.J. Bedzyk, M.J. Hersam, M.C. Romanenko, A. Lu, Y. Grassellino, A. Koch, J. McRae, C.R.H. Graduate Program in Applied Physics Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory BataviaIL60510 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Chemistry Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Center for Applied Physics and Superconducting Technologies Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Electrical Computing and Energy Engineering Department University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Department of Physics University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States National Institute of Standards and Technology BoulderCO80305 United States

Superconducting microwave resonators are critical to quantum computing and sensing technologies. Additionally, they are common proxies for superconducting qubits when determining the effects of performance-limiting loss mechanisms such as from two-level systems (TLS). The extraction of these loss mechanisms is often performed by measuring the internal quality factor Qi as a function of power or temperature. In this work, we investigate large temporal fluctuations of Qi at low powers over periods of 12 to 16 hours (relative standard deviation σQi/Qi = 13%). These fluctuations are ubiquitous across multiple resonators, chips and cooldowns. We are able to attribute these fluctuations to variations in the TLS loss tangent due to two main indicators. First, measured fluctuations decrease as power and temperature increase. Second, for interleaved measurements, we observe correlations between low- and medium-power Qi fluctuations and an absence of correlations with high-power fluctuations. Agreement with the TLS loss tangent mean is obtained by performing measurements over a time span of a few hours. We hypothesize that, in addition to decoherence due to coupling to individual near-resonant TLS, superconducting qubits are affected by these observed TLS loss tangent fluctuations. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Qubits

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