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ASME 2000 International Mechanical engineering Congress and Exposition, IMECE 2000

作者： Gau, Jen-Jr Lan, Esther H. Dunn, Bruce Ho, Chih-Ming Biomedical Engineering Interdepartmental Graduate Degree Program University of California Los Angeles United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California Los Angeles United States Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California Los Angeles United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780791819005

This paper describes the characterization and optimization of a reusable DNA microsensor array for rapid biological agent detection developed in previous publications. (Fig.l) [1-3] This MEMS based DNA sensor utilizes a standard three-electrode electrochemical cell configuration with novel micro fabricated structure design to minimize non-specific binding. The sensor module is easily to be adapted to various protocols and can be used for rapid detection of macromolecules (DNA, RNA) from targets such as uropathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) in urine and microorganisms causing otitis media (middle ear infection). Less than 105 E. coli cells can be detected from the urine sample of a patient with urine tract infection. The sensitivity is enhanced by appropriate sensor characterization and surface modification. The total detection time including sample preparation can be reduced to 25 minutes by using a POD conjugated oligonucleotide. Copyright © 2000 by ASME

关键词： DNA

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Preparation of blood-compatible nanoparticles bearing phosphorylcholine group

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ACS Symposium Series 2000年 752卷 417-427页

作者： Ishihara, Kazuhiko Konno, Tomohiro Kurita, Kimio Iwasaki, Yasuhiko Nakabayashi, Nobuo Department of Materials Science Graduate School of Engineering University of Tokyo Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan College of Science and Technology Nihon University Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-8356 Japan Inst. of Biomaterials and Bioeng. Tokyo Medical and Dental University Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0062 Japan

The biodegradable poly (L-lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles covered with 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) polymer were prepared by the solvent evaporation technique with the amphiphilic water-soluble MPC polymer as the emulsifier. The diameter of the nanoparticles was approximately 200 nm, which was determined by atomic force microscopy and dynamic light scattering. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicated that the surface of the nanoparticles was fully covered with the MPC polymer. The amount of plasma protein bovine serum albumin adsorbed on the nanoparticles coated with the MPC polymer was significantly smaller compared with that on the polystyrene nanoparticles. The PLA nanoparticles coated with the MPC polymer is suggested to be a safer drug carrier in the bloodstream. One of the anticancer drugs, adriamycin (ADR), could be adsorbed on the nanoparticles through a hydrophobic interaction. Even when the nanoparticles were stored in PBS for 5 days, 40 % of the ADR still remained on the surface. We concluded that the nanoparticles coated with the MPC polymer are useful as a novel adsorption-type drug carrier, which could be applied through the bloodstream.

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Semi-interpenetrating polymer networks composed of biocompatible phospholipid polymer and segmented polyurethane

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Journal of Biomedical materials Research Part B: Applied biomaterials 2000年第4期52卷

作者： Yasuhiko Iwasaki Yoshiyuki Aiba Nobuyuki Morimoto Nobuo Nakabayashi Kazuhiko Ishihara Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering Tokyo Medical and Dental University 2-3-10 Kanda-surugadai Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0062 Japan Department of Materials Science Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan

2-Methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) polymers, which have excellent biocompatibility, have been receiving increasing attention in biomedical and bioengineering fields; however, the mechanical strength of the hydrated MPC polymers is not sufficient for use in these fields as a bulk material. Therefore, we hypothesized that a novel material might be realized by reinforcing the MPC polymer network with segmented polyurethane (SPU). Semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) composed of crosslinked MPC polymer and SPU were prepared. The mechanical properties of the IPN membrane were significantly improved compared with those of the MPC polymer membrane. Three-dimensional polymer networks of the MPC polymer in the IPNs were observed after solvent extraction of SPU. An X-ray photoelectron spectrum analysis revealed that the MPC units were exposed on the IPN surface. When the IPN was alternately soaked in water and ethanol, the swelling ratio was found to be completely reversible and no disintegration of the network structure was observed. The permeation coefficient of 1,4-di(2-hydroxyethoxy)benzene through the IPN membrane was 1.11 × 10 −7 cm −2 s −1 . The amount of adsorbed protein and the number of adherent platelets on the IPN membrane were effectively reduced compared with those on SPU. We concluded that IPNs composed of the MPC polymer and SPU are a new bulk biomaterial, which possesses both blood compatibility and good mechanical properties. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 52, 701–708, 2000.

关键词： hydrogel phospholipid polymer segmented polyurethane interpenetrating polymer networks protein adsorption biocompatibility

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In vivoevaluation of the bond strength of adhesive 4-META/MMA-TBB bone cement under weight-bearing conditions

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Journal of Biomedical materials Research Part B: Applied biomaterials 2000年第1期52卷

作者： Tomoko Sakai Sadao Morita Ken-ichi Shinomiya Akihiko Watanabe Nobuo Nakabayashi Kazuhiko Ishihara Department of Orthopedic Surgery Faculty of Medicine Tokyo Medical and Dental University 1-5-45 Yushima Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8549 Japan Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan Department of Materials Science Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan

In order to minimize the problems associated with implant fixation using acrylic bone cement, we studied a new adhesive bone cement that consists of 4-methacryloyloxyethyl trimellitate anhydryde (4-META) and methylmethacrylate (MMA) as monomers, tri- n -butylborane (TBB) as an initiator, and PMMA powder (4-META/MMA-TBB cement). It shows remarkable adhesive properties to metal and bone in vitro . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the strength of the bond of the cement to both metal and bone in vivo under weight-bearing conditions. Metal prostheses were implanted in the right femora of 12 rabbits using either adhesive 4-META/MMA-TBB cement or the conventional PMMA cement, as the control, for fixation. After 4 and 12 weeks, both femora were excised and the same operations were performed in the left femora in vitro . Eighteen femora were sectioned for the mechanical assessment of the bone–cement and cement–implant interfaces. 4-META/MMA-TBB cement had a significantly higher interfacial shear strength than the conventional PMMA cement: 201 N and 90 N, on average, for the implant–cement interface ( p < 0.01); and 138 N and 89 N, on average, for the bone–cement interface ( p < 0.01), at 12 weeks. The present results suggest the efficacy of 4-META/MMA-TBB cement in providing greater fixation of implants to bone and promise a firmer intramedullary fixation than the control conventional PMMA cement. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 52, 128–134, 2000.

关键词： bone cement 4-META bonding mechanical test

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Prevention of fibrous layer formation between bone and adhesive bone cement:In vivoevaluation of bone impregnation with 4-META/MMA-TBB cement

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Journal of Biomedical materials Research Part B: Applied biomaterials 2000年第1期52卷

作者： Tomoko Sakai Sadao Morita Kennichi Shinomiya Akihiko Watanabe Nobuo Nakabayashi Kazuhiko Ishihara Department of Orthopedic Surgery Faculty of Medicine Tokyo Medical and Dental University 1-5-45 Yushima Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8549 Japan Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering Tokyo Medical and Dental University 2-3-1 Kanda-Surugadai Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0062 Japan Department of Materials Science Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan

We have studied a new adhesive bone cement, that consists of 4-methacryloyloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride (4-META) and methylmethacrylate (MMA) as monomers, tri- n- butyl borane (TBB) as the initiator, and polymethylmethacrylate powder (4-META/MMA-TBB cement). This cement has shown remarkable adhesive properties to bone in vitro . In this study, we assessed the interface in vivo periodically. The femora of rabbits were fenestrated and filled with either the 4-META/MMA-TBB cement or a conventional polymethylmethacrylate cement. The animals were killed after 1, 4, 12, and 24 weeks to analyze the interface by optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Optical microscopic examinations showed that the cured 4-META/MMA-TBB adhesive cement bonded to bone directly for 24 weeks, whereas a fibrous tissue layer was observed between the bone and cured conventional cement at 12 weeks after the operation. The transmission electron microscopy views of 4-META/MMA-TBB cement bonded to bone demonstrated a unique “hybridized bone” with the cement in the subsurface of the substrate in every case. The formation of the hybridized bone indicates the bonding mechanism of the adhesive cement to bone, which prevents the fibrosis intervention between bone and cement. These results suggest that the biomechanical and adhesive properties of 4-META/MMA-TBB cement make it a useful bone-bonding agent in orthopedic surgery. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 52, 24–29, 2000.

关键词： adhesive bone cement 4-META TEM hybrid layer impregnation

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engineering the environmentally sound warship for the twenty-first century

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1999年第3期111卷 189-217页

作者： Markle, SP Gill, SE McGraw, PS Udr. Stephen P. Markle USN is a career Engineering Duty officer assigned to Naval Sea Systems Command Arlington Virginia where he is Deputy Directs Environmental Programs Division (SEA 03L1 B). He is responsible fm program management activities associated with all ahat environmental protection equipment design and selection of environmental protection equipment and systems fm future surface ship designs (DD 21 CVN 7Z CW LPD 17) and serves on several teams designed to promote Nay wide awarmss of environmental protection requirements and Nay programs to meet these challenges. He is a 1993 graduate of the Naval Construction and Engineering Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he received a naval engineers degree and master of science in mechanical engineering. His interest in environmental issues predates his undergraduate studies at Syracuse Universityl State University of New Ymk College of Environmental Science and Fmestry where he received a bachelm of science degree in fmest engineering from the School of Environmental and Resource Engineering. LCdx Markle has qualified as a Surface Warfare Officer and in submarines through the Engineering Duty Dolphin Program he is a member of the Acquisition Professional Community and a graduate of the Defense Systems Management College Advanced Program Managers Course. He is a professional engineer registered in the State of New York and is a member ofthe American Society of Naval Engineers National Society of Professional Engineers American Society for Testing and Materials Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers and Society of Automotive Engineers. Peter 5. McGraw is current the Acting Branch Head ofthe Solid Waste Management Branch (Code 634) of the Environmental Quality Dwrtment of the Naval Surfice Warfare Centel: Carderock Division. As such he is responsible for among other things: the Shipboard Advanced Incinerator RDT&E Program the Submarine Plastic Waste RDT&E Program Solid Waste Processing Equipment Design Acquisitio

The past twenty-five years has been marked by the introduction ed marine environmental regulations that have had a profound effect on how ships are designed, built and operated. Ships being designed and built today must accommodate not only current regulations but anticipate those enacted over their thirty to fifty year life cycles. U.S. Chief of Naval Operations, Office of Environmental, Safety and Health (CNO N45) has articulated a vision for the Environmentally Sound Warship of the Twenty-first Century. This vision incorporates the "Sense of Congress" for a naval ship designed to operate in full compliance with environmental regulations worldwide. The task of the Navy engineering team is to translate this vision into reality;a ship capable of prevailing in time of war and able to conduct operations in all areas of the globe, unencumbered by special procedures for environmental compliance. The keys to this warship design are the early integration of environmentally sound principles, materials, and processes into the ship acquisition process;minimization of both hazardous materials and generation of post shipboard consumer waste during operation;adaptation of integrated systems to reduce the volume of wastes and enhance processing efficiency;reduced manpower requirements;and crew indoctrination in environmental protection.

关键词： Ships Environmental regulations engineering ARTICULATED Navy environmental security

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Behavior of blood cells in contact with water-soluble phospholipid polymer

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Journal of Biomedical materials Research Part B: Applied biomaterials 1999年第3期46卷

作者： Yasuhiko Iwasaki Mika Ijuin Asako Mikami Nobuo Nakabayashi Kazuhiko Ishihara Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering Tokyo Medical and Dental University 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0062 Japan Department of Materials Science Graduate School of Engineering University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan

ω-Methacryloyloxyalkyl phosphorylcholine (MAPC) polymer, which has various methylene chain lengths between the phosphorylcholine group and the backbone, was synthesized with attention to formation of the biomembrane. The effect of water-soluble poly(MAPC) on the function and activation of blood cells was evaluated to determine the interaction between blood cells and the MAPC polymer. The poly(MAPC) and the MAPC copolymer with a small amount of fluorescent units were synthesized by a conventional radical polymerization technique. Using a fluorescence spectrometer, it was determined that the MAPC polymer was adsorbed on the plasma membrane of platelets when the platelets were suspended in an aqueous solution of the MAPC copolymer. The hemolytic activity of poly(MAPC) was less than that of other water-soluble polymers, such as poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVPy). The change in the plasma membrane fluidity of platelets on contact with poly(MAPC) was determined with 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5,-hexatriene. The plasma membrane fluidity of platelets decreased with an increase in the methylene chain length of the MAPC unit. The aggregation activity of platelets after contact with poly(MAPC) was also evaluated, but no significant difference between that of polymer-contacted platelets and native platelets was observed. Finally, the activity of platelets on contact with poly(MAPC) was determined by measuring the cytoplasmic calcium ion concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ) in platelets. The increase in [Ca 2+ ] i in the platelets after contact with poly(MAPC) was similar to that of native platelets. We conclude that the poly(MAPC) reduced platelet activation even though the poly(MAPC) adsorbed on the membrane surface of the platelets. In particular, poly(10-methacryloyloxydecyl phosphorylcholine) significantly reduced platelet activation compared with PVPy. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 46, 360–367, 1999.

关键词： phospholipid polymer blood compatibility hemolytic activity membrane fluidity aggregation ability platelet activity

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Stabilization of an antibody conjugated with enzyme by 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine copolymer in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

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Journal of Biomedical materials Research Part B: Applied biomaterials 1999年第4期47卷

作者： Shujiro Sakaki Nobuo Nakabayashi Kazuhiko Ishihara Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering Tokyo Medical and Dental University 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0062 Japan Department of Materials Science Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan

The purpose of this study was to develop a novel synthetic stabilizer of enzyme-linked antibody in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The water-soluble amphiphilic phospholipid polymer, poly[2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC)-co-styrene (St)] was synthesized, and its stabilizing functions for the antibody were compared with conventional stabilizers of the antibody conjugated with enzyme (enzyme–antibody conjugate), such as bovine serum albumin (BSA) and casein. In the absence of the stabilizer, the remaining immunologic activity decreased to about 10% of its initial value after 37 days. The same tendency was observed even when the enzyme–antibody conjugate in 1.0 wt % BSA solution was used as a stabilizer. In 1.0 wt % casein solution, the immunologic activity decreased to 29% of the initial value after 37 days. On the other hand, in 0.1 wt % and 1.0 wt % poly(MPC-co-St) solution, the activity remained 74% and 92% of the initial value, respectively. The effects of poly(MPC-co-St) on the stabilization of the enzyme–antibody conjugate depended on the concentration of poly(MPC-co-St). During the ELISA procedure, not only did poly(MPC-co-St) have no effect on the reaction between the antigen and the antibody, but it also had no effect on the reaction between the enzyme and the substrate. These results indicate that poly(MPC-co-St) has the ability to suppress the denaturation of protein, enzyme, and antibody. We concluded that water-soluble poly(MPC-co-St) is an effective synthetic stabilizer in the ELISA. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 47, 523–528, 1999.

关键词： 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) poly(MPC-co-St) ELISA antibody conjugated with enzyme (enzyme–antibody conjugate) synthetic stabilizer

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Contributory presentations/posters

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Journal of Biosciences 1999年第1期24卷 33-198页

作者： N. Manoj V. R. Srinivas A. Surolia M. Vijayan K. Suguna R. Ravishankar R. Schwarzenbacher K. Zeth Diederichs G. M. Kostner A. Gries P. Laggner R. Prassl Madhusudan Pearl Akamine Nguyen-huu Xuong Susan S. Taylor M. Bidva Sagar K. Saikrishnan S. Roy K. Purnapatre P. Handa U. Varshney B. K. Biswal N. Sukumar J. K. Mohana Rao A. Johnson Vasantha Pattabhi S. Sri Krishna Mira Sastri H. S. Savithri M. R. N. Murthy Bindu Pillai Kannan M. V. Hosur Mukesh Kumar Swati Patwardhan K. K. Kannan B. Padmanabhaa S. Sasaki-Sugio M. Nukaga T. Matsuzaki S. Karthikevan S. Sharma A. K. Sharma M. Paramasivam P. Kumar J. A. Khan S. Yadav A. Srinivasan T. P. Singh S. Gourinath Neelima Alam A. Srintvasan Vikas Chandra Punit Kaur Ch. Betzel S. Ghosh A. K. Bera S. Bhattacharya S. Chakraborty A. K. Pal B. P. Mukhopadhyay I. Dey U. Haldar Asok Baneriee Jozef Sevcik Adriana Solovicova K. Sekar M. Sundaralingam N. Genov Dong-cai Liang Tao Jiang Ji-ping Zhang Wen-rui Chang Wolfgang Jahnke Marcel Blommers S. C. Panchal R. V. Hosur Bindu Pillay Puniti Mathur S. Srivatsun Ratan Mani Joshi N. R. Jaganathan V. S. Chauhan H. S. Atreya S. C. Sahu K. V. R. Chary Girjesh Govil Elisabeth Adjadj Éric Quinjou Nadia Izadi-Pruneyre Yves Blouquit Joël Mispelter Bernadette Heyd Guilhem Lerat Philippe Milnard Michel Desmadreil Y. Lin B. D. Nageswara Rao Vidva Raghunathan Mei H. Chau Prashant Pesais Sudha Srivastava Evans Coutinho Anil Saran Leizl F. Sapico Jayson Gesme Herbert Lijima Raymond Paxton Thamarapu Srikrishnan C. R. Grace G. Nagenagowda A. M. Lynn Sudha M. Cowsik Sarata C. Sahu S. Chauhan A. Bhattacharya G. Govil Anil Kumar Maurizio Pellecchia Erik R. P. Zuiderweg Keiichi Kawano Tomoyasu Aizawa Naoki Fujitani Yoichi Hayakawa Atsushi Ohnishi Tadayasu Ohkubo Yasuhiro Kumaki Kunio Hikichi Katsutoshi Nitta V. Rani Parvathy R. M. Kini Takumi Koshiba Yoshihiro Kobashigawa Min Yao Makoto Demura Astushi Nakagawa Isao Tanaka Kunihiro Kuwajima Jens Linge Seán O. Donoghue Michael Nilges G. Chakshusmathi Girish S. Ratnaparkhi P. K. Madhu R. Varadarajan C. Tetreau Molecular Biophysics Unit Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India Austrian Academy of Sciences Institute of Biophysics and X-ray Structure Research Graz Austria Faculty of Biology University of Konstanz Germany Institute of Medical Biochemistry University of Graz Austria Howard Huges Medical Institute Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of California La Jolla USA Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of California San Diego La Jolla USA Molecular Biophysics Unit India Department of Microbiology &Cell Biology Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India Macromolecular Structure Laboratory NCI - Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center ABL - Basic Research Program Frederick USA Department of Crystallography and Biophysics University of Madras Chennai Biochemistry Department Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India Condensed Matter Physics Division B.A.R.C. Trombay Mumbai Condensed Matter Physics Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay Mumbai IMCB The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation Yokohama Research Center Yokohama Japan Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chiba University Chiba Japan Department of Biophysics All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India Department of Biophysics All India Institute of Medical sciences New Delhi India Institüt Physiologische Chemie Hamburg Germany Biophysics Department Bose Institute Calcutta India Slovak Academy of Sciences Institute of Molecular Biology Bratislava Slovakia Indian Institute of Science Bioinformatics Centre Bangalore Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry Biological Macromolecular Structure Center USA Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Institute of Organic Chemistry Sofia Bulgaria Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Biophysics Beijing China Novartis Pharma AG Preclinical Research Basel Switzerland Department of Chemical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Mumbai India Solid State Physics Div

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Numerical analysis of compressible fluids and elastic structures interactions

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Applied Mechanics Reviews 1995年第11/2期48卷 S195页

作者： Vaz, dos Santos, M.A. Awruch, A.M. Department of Materials Science and Building Fundac¸a˜o Universidade do Rio Grande Rua Eng Alfredo Huch 475 96201-900 Rio Grande RS Brazil Graduate Program in Civil and Mechanical Engineering Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Av Osvaldo Aranha 99 3° Andar 90035-190 Porto Alegre RS Brazil

A finite element algorithm to simulate two dimensional flows of viscous and inviscid compressible fluids for a wide range of Mach numbers is presented in this work. This model is coupled to immersed deformable structures through equilibrium and compatibility conditions in order to analyze its dynamic behavior. For the fluid, time integration is performed by a two-step Taylor-Galerkin explicit scheme and Newmark’s method is used to obtain the dynamic response of the structure. An arbitrary mixed Euler-Lagrange description is used to re-define a new finite element mesh in the presence of the immersed structure displacements. Finally, several examples are included showing the model behavior and possibilities for future expansions.

关键词： Dynamic response Mach number Fluids Flow (Dynamics) Equilibrium (Physics) Numerical analysis Algorithms Finite element analysis

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