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2024 Brazilian Symposium on Robotics (SBR), and 2024 Workshop on Robotics in Education (WRE)

作者： M. A. Pastrana William Humberto Cuéllar Sánchez Jose Mendoza-Peñaloza M. S. Santana Daniel M. Muñoz Department of Mechanical Engineering Mechatronics Graduate Program University of Federal District UDF Brasilia DF Brazil Faculty of Gama Electronics Engineering Undergraduate Program University of Brasilia Brasilia DF Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9798350391084

ISBN: (纸本)9798350391091

Advances in information and communication technologies have significantly transformed engineering education. Virtual laboratories are increasingly adopted to enhance student interaction with control system simulations. The improved visualization and interaction capabilities of modern computers offer a more organic way to teach theoretical foundations. This paper describes the implementation of a methodology for teaching control theory that until now was entirely online in a face-to-face environment at the University of the Federal District in Brasilia, Brazil. This methodology utilizes virtual laboratories with CoppeliaSim, MATLAB, and the EVA mobile robot to teach control theory focused on single-input, single-output (SISO) systems for mobile robot tracking and obstacle avoidance applications. The results of the face-to-face implementation are compared to those of the fully online methodology, revealing that in-person teaching significantly enhances the quality of instruction.

关键词： Visualization mechatronics Educational robots SISO Education Laboratories Software Control theory Mobile robots MATLAB

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Multi-robot Map Exploration Based on Multiple Rapidly-Exploring Randomized Trees

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SN Computer Science 2024年第1期5卷 31页

作者： Mukhopadhyay, Shayok Umari, Hassan Koirala, Koshish Electrical & Computer Engineering and Computer Science Department University of New Haven 300 Boston Post Rd West Haven 06516 CT United States Department of Electrical Engineering American University of Sharjah Sharjah P.O. Box 26666 United Arab Emirates Mechatronics Engineering graduate program American University of Sharjah Sharjah P.O. Box 26666 United Arab Emirates

A map is necessary for tasks such as path planning or localization, which are common to mobile robot navigation. However, a map may be unavailable if the environment in which a robot navigates is unknown. Creating a map requires an exploration algorithm. Such algorithms guide robots to boundaries that separate known portions of a map from the unknown portions. Such boundaries are known as frontiers. There are image processing-based algorithms that detect frontiers. The authors’ previous work uses two, i.e., local and global, rapidly exploring random trees (RRTs) for two-dimensional exploration using a single robot. The present work applies the above to a multiagent system with three robots. A market-based strategy is used to allocate exploration tasks to the robots. Results show that the developed exploration strategy successfully explores a map in a reasonable amount of time compared to image processing-based approaches, and also reduces the map exploration cost. This strategy is readily usable for three-dimensional exploration with drones. It is also shown that the usage of a local frontier detector along with a global frontier detector helps reduce exploration time compared to simply using a global frontier detector alone. As an outline to future work, the paper also shows an extension of the proposed approach towards three-dimensional mapping using a single robot. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Exploration Mapping Multi-agent Navigation ROS RRT

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A Comparative Hardware Implementation of Histogram of Oriented Gradients as a Descriptor in Embedded Tracking of Swarm

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Legarda, Diego Antonio Pérez, Karen Viviana Muñoz, Daniel Mauricio Department of Mechanical Engineering Mechatronics Systems Graduate Program University of Brasilia DF Brasilia70910-900 Brazil

The Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) algorithm is widely utilized in image processing for tasks such as detection, classification, and tracking. However, several challenges arise when implementing this algorithm on computing platforms with limited memory and low power consumption, such as mobile robots and drones. This work presents an in-depth analysis and implementation of three innovative hardware architectures for HOG, specifically designed for real-time processing using Field programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) in the context of mobile robot localization. The primary focus of these architectures is to simplify the processing operations involved in gradient magnitude and orientation calculation, histogram generation, and normalization. These simplifications lead to a reduction in resource utilization and energy consumption. Experimental results conducted on a Zynq 7020 device demonstrated minimal relative error values throughout the en-Email addresseslegarda8027@*** (Diego Legarda), kperezlujan@*** (Karen Ṕerez), damuz@*** (Daniel M. Muñoz) 1Corresponding authorPreprint submitted to Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing. July 31, 2023tire process, along with a significant execution time improvement of over 1000 times when compared to the software-based solution. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mobile robots

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Motion Measurement Methods for Nonlinear Analysis of Electrostatic MEMS Resonators 20

Motion Measurement Methods for Nonlinear Analysis of Electro...

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20th International Conference on Smart Technologies, EUROCON 2023

作者： Ghommem, Mehdi Alattar, Basil Lherbette, Michael Elhady, Alaaeldin Abdel-Rahman, Eihab American University of Sharjah Department of Mechanical Engineering Sharjah26666 United Arab Emirates Mechatronics Graduate Program American University of Sharjah Sharjah26666 United Arab Emirates SmarAct Metrology Rohdenweg Oldenburg Germany Systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781665463973

In this paper, we compare two measurement techniques to analyze the dynamic response of a MEMS resonator, made of a microcantilever beam, that is electrostatically actuated via a side electrode. The first method is based on a combination of Michelson interferometry, knife-edge analysis, and stroboscopic imaging, and is used to dissect the in-plane and out-of-plane motions of the resonator. The second approach follows the motion-induced current method and is based on a transduction mechanism that converts the movement of the resonator to a current signal. The third harmonic of said current is directly related to the in-plane motion of the resonator. Motion-induced current measurements enable the detection of the nonlinear dynamics associated with the motion of the resonator when actuated with high excitation voltages. The optical and electrical measurements show similar nonlinear features in terms of the location of the cyclic-fold bifurcation in the parameter space and the hysteretic region associated with it. These dynamic features can be exploited for sensing purposes. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Interferometry

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Sub-optimal Perceptron Controller Using WOA Algorithm for Farming Watering Mobile Robot

Sub-optimal Perceptron Controller Using WOA Algorithm for Fa...

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Latin America Congress on Computational Intelligence (LA-CCI)

作者： M. A. Pastrana L. H. Oliveira J. Bautista Jesus Pinto-Lopera Jose Mendoza-Peñaloza Daniel M. Muñoz Department of Mechanical Engineering Mechatronics Graduate Program University of Brasilia Brasilia DF Brazil Faculty of Engineering Systems Undergraduate Program Florencia University of the Amazonia Caquetá Colombia Faculty of Gama Electronics Engineering Undergraduate Program University of Brasilia Brasilia DF Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9798350374575

ISBN: (纸本)9798350374582

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are intricate mathematical models, drawing inspiration from the biological nervous system, and offering intelligence alongside nonparametric capabilities. The efficacy of ANNs heavily relies on their learning process. Heuristic search algorithms have been proposed in literature as reliable options for optimizing neural networks utilizing the Perceptron architecture. This paper presents an suboptimal neural network Perceptron training method employing the Whale Optimization Algorithm for the application of farming watering mobile robots. To achieve this, a fitness function based on system responses such as overshoot, settling Time, and steady-state Error was developed. The sub-optimal Perceptron controller was then implemented using MATLAB, CoppeliaSim software and the EVA robot, resulting in a 66.17% overshoot, a 4.7% steady-state error, and a settling time of 3.05 seconds. Moreover, the sub-optimal Perceptron controller was mapped onto a System on Chip FPGA AMD-Xilinx Zynq 7020, resulting in a hardware resources consumption of 1,870 (3.52%) Lookup table, 2 (0.9%) Digital Signal Processing blocks, 1,019 (0.96%) Flip-Flops and a power consumtion of 0.005 W. Finally, Hardware-in-the-Loop validation was performed using CoppeliaSim, Python, Universal Direct Memory Access, and the EVA robot. The results showed an overshoot of 94.83%, a settling time of 2 seconds, and a steady-state error of 4.5%.

关键词： Software algorithms Signal processing algorithms Software Hardware Whale optimization algorithms Steady-state Mobile robots MATLAB Farming Python

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Heading Angle Estimation Using Intelligent Fusion for Autonomous Vehicles

Heading Angle Estimation Using Intelligent Fusion for Autono...

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Advances in Science and engineering Technology International Conferences (ASET)

作者： Ali A. Barakat Mohammad A. Jardat Ahmed M. Elsergany Nidal A. Sherif Mechanical Engineering Department American University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE Mechatronics Engineering Graduate Program American University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE

Low-cost navigation systems for ground vehicles often rely on the fusion with Global Positioning System (GPS) for improved state estimation. In this study a low-cost gyroscope is fused with a GPS for improved vehicle heading angle estimation using several Artificial Intelligence (AI) based architectures that include Shallow Neural Networks (SNN), Multi-Layer Neural Networks (MLNN), and Adaptive Neuro- Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS). The primary goal behind using AI based sensor fusion is to obtain a highly accurate vehicle heading estimation suitable for autonomous navigation applications. When available, the GPS signal is used to correct the vehicle's heading angle. The neural networks and ANFIS methods both use the difference between the GPS signal and the heading angle from the integrated gyroscope as inputs. The performance achieved is shown and analyzed. According to the results obtained, the MLNN provides the most accurate heading estimates.

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Intelligent Adaptive RRT* Path Planning Algorithm for Mobile Robots

Intelligent Adaptive RRT* Path Planning Algorithm for Mobile...

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Advances in Science and engineering Technology International Conferences (ASET)

作者： Omar Khattab Ahmed Yasser Mohammad A. Jaradat Lotfi Romdhane Mechatronics Engineering Graduate Program American University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE Mechanical Engineering Department American University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE

In this paper a new variant of the widely used Rapidly exploring Random Tree (RRT*) algorithm is proposed. The main goal of this variant is to improve the efficiency of the generated path, in both computation time and the quality of the path. In a previous work by the authors, an improved version RRT*N was proposed, where a normal probability distribution was used to control the generation of the random nodes. The proposed variant utilizes an intelligent fuzzy logic system (FLS) to control the generation of the random nodes and commands the robot to the required target introducing an intelligent fuzzy adaptive RRT*N path planning approach (FA-RRT*N). The proposed approach not only reduced the time required about 29.5 % of the time required by the RRT*, but also generally resulted in shorter path about 63% of the path generated by the traditional RRT * .

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Bringing Bearing Fault Detection to Embedded Systems Using Low-Cost Machine Learning Techniques

Bringing Bearing Fault Detection to Embedded Systems Using L...

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Latin America Congress on Computational Intelligence (LA-CCI)

作者： Natalia S. Teixeira M. A. Pastrana Henrique G. Moura Daniel M. Muñoz Faculty of Gama Electronics Engineering Undergraduate Program University of Brasilia Brasilia DF Brazil Department of Mechanical Engineering Mechatronics Graduate Program University of Brasilia Brasilia DF Brazil Faculty of Gama Automotive Engineering Undergraduate Program University of Brasilia Brasilia DF Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9798350374575

ISBN: (纸本)9798350374582

Vibration analysis is crucial for predictive maintenance of bearing systems, aiming to reduce costs and prevent failures. This paper investigates signal processing techniques such as FFTs and Hilbert Transforms for fault diagnosis, alongside decision tree models, particularly the J48 algorithm within the WEKA environment, for fault classification. The study emphasizes the integration of signal processing and machine learning for effective fault diagnosis and maintenance. Notably, a classification model with low computational cost has been chosen, facilitating implementation in embedded systems. This model also offers interpretability of outputs, as it is based on decision trees of frequency components obtained through preprocessing.

关键词： Vibrations Accuracy Computational modeling Transforms Machine learning Signal processing Robustness Mathematical models Field programmable gate arrays Predictive maintenance

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Hardware Implementation of a Sliding Detection Algorithm for Robotic Hands Using Force Sensors

Hardware Implementation of a Sliding Detection Algorithm for...

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Symposium on Integrated Circuits and Systems Design (SBCCI)

作者： Jose Mendoza-Peñaloza Daniel M. Muñoz Department of Mechanical Engineering Mechatronics Systems Graduate Program Automation and Control Group/GRACO Faculty of Gama Electronics Engineering Undergraduate Program University of Brasilia Brasilia DF Brazil

In this work, a sliding detection algorithm was proposed for a previously developed robotic hand through the utilization of force sensors. Previous works have designed several hardware architectures to filter sensor data, implement dynamic control, and machine learning models for controlling the robotic fingers using a single Field programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) chip. In this regard, the slip detection algorithm was developed to comprise three stages, each with a low computational cost, including a moving average filter, a first-order derivative, and a peak detection algorithm. A reference model was constructed and validated through an experimental protocol employing daily use objects to create a database. Subsequently, the slip detection algorithm was mapped onto hardware utilizing previously developed floating-point arithmetic IP cores and implemented using a Zynq 7020 device. The FPGA implementation was characterized in terms of resource occupation, power consumption, execution time, and numerical error with the reference model.

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Fuzzy Logic for Assessing the Health of a Corn Crop within Family Farming

Fuzzy Logic for Assessing the Health of a Corn Crop within F...

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Latin America Congress on Computational Intelligence (LA-CCI)

作者： Vanessa Mendonça Mikael Santos Daniel M. Muñoz Carlos Humberto Llanos Department of Computer Science Federal Institute of Brasilia Department of Mechanical Engineering Mechatronics Graduate Program Department of Agronomy Federal Institute of Brasilia Faculty of Gama Electronics Engineering Undergraduate Program University of Brasilia Brasilia DF Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9798350374575

ISBN: (纸本)9798350374582

Technological advancements are increasingly evident across various sectors, including automobiles, industry, and healthcare. In precision agriculture, significant progress has been made, with AgroTICs and Smart Agriculture gaining substantial traction in the market. However, a gap remains between cutting-edge technology and family farming, presenting a challenge from both social and applied research perspectives. However, there is still a gap between cutting-edge technology and family farming, which creates a challenge from a social and applied research point of view. In this context, this paper proposes a monitoring model based on Fuzzy Logic and sensor automation applied to estimate the health of a corn crop. The proposed Fuzzy inference system involves calculating an indicator of nutrients as well as the average color and area of corn plants. The nutrient indicator is automatically computed by an ESP32 microcontroller using sensor readings, while the average color and area inputs are manually entered via a mobile application. Additionally, the Fuzzy inference is integrated into the ESP32. The model underwent experimental validation on the health of the plantation, and the results were evaluated in four areas: one was designated for testing, and three were for validation. The model achieved an accuracy of 97.5% in Scenario 3, categorized as ’Very Favorable’, and an accuracy of 65% in Scenarios 2 and 4, categorized as ‘Unfavorable’. The implications of this research contribute to the advancement of AgroTICs among small producers, with the potential to enhance and automate the monitoring of their harvest production.

关键词： Fuzzy logic Accuracy Computational modeling Plantations Crops Production Color Nutrients Monitoring Fuzzy systems

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