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作者： Zhu, Jia Lin, C.F. Kao, J.C.M. Yang, P.Y. Graduate Program in Bioengineering Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu HI 96822 United States Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung Taiwan Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan

The challenge of biological wastewater treatment process is the design and operation of effective retention of mixed microbial cells within the reactor. Entrapped mixed microbial cell (EMMC) technology is designed to entrap the mixed microbial cells in polymeric carriers;membrane bioreactor (MBR) process utilizes membrane sheets/fibers to effectively retain the biomass in the reactor. These two biotechnologies are considered potential alternatives for conventional biological treatment/reuse because of their capability of retaining high concentration of biomass in the reactor, or in other words increasing the solid retention time (SRT). The simultaneous removal of organics and nitrogen were investigated using a modified EMMC system design. The modified EMMC system demonstrated higher organic and nitrogen removal performance due to high SRT. Compared to single-stage MBR process operated at similar conditions, the modified EMMC system was able to achieve slightly lower organic removal, comparable nitrification, and higher total nitrogen removal. One limitation in applying an EMMC only treatment process regime for potential reuse of treated wastewater is that such an operation requires the removal of pathogens and large particles if disinfection and solid/liquid separation were not followed. The major challenge of MBR process to overcome is membrane fouling, and the high energy consumption associated with fouling control. The intrinsic features of EMMC process including high SRT, low, and stabilized effluent suspended biomass concentration may significantly reduce the chance and extent of membrane fouling;while the membrane filtration can further polish the effluent quality from EMMC process. Therefore, integrating MBR and EMMC is strongly recommended because it may be a "break-through" for solving the membrane fouling problem and in improving effluent quality for potential reuse. © 2009 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Wastewater treatment

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Building a Better Biofuel Production Platform: engineering metabolic control techniques to control the photosynthetic cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 1

Building a Better Biofuel Production Platform: Engineering m...

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1st Annual World Congress on Sustainable engineering 2011 - Topical Conference at the 2011 AIChE Annual Meeting

作者： Albers, Stevan C. Peebles, Christie A.M. Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program Colorado State University Fort CollinsCO United States Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Colorado State University Fort CollinsCO United States

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Fluorescent nanodiamond - A novel nanomaterial for in vivo applications

Fluorescent nanodiamond - A novel nanomaterial for in vivo a...

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2011 MRS Spring Meeting

作者： Mohan, Nitin Zhang, Bailin Chang, Cheng-Chun Yang, Liling Chen, Chao-Sheng Fang, Chia-Yi Hsieh, Hsiao-Han Cho, Chun-Yi Wu, Yi-Chun Weng, Jui-Hsia Chung, Bon-Chu Chang, Huan-Cheng Department of Engineering and System Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences Academia Sinica Taipei 106 Taiwan Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei 106 Taiwan Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei 106 Taiwan Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology National Taiwan University Taipei 106 Taiwan Institute of Molecular Biology Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology National Yang-Ming University Taipei 116 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781618395610

Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) with a size in the range of 10-100 nm have been produced by ion irradiation and annealing, and isolated by differential centrifugation. Single particle spectroscopic characterization with confocal fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy indicates that they are photostable and useful as an alternative to far-red fluorescent proteins for bioimaging applications. We demonstrate the application by performing in vivo imaging of bare and bioconjugated FND particles (100 nm in diameter) in C. elegans and zebrafishes and exploring the interactions between this novel nanomaterial and the model organisms. Our results indicate that FNDs can be delivered to the embryos of both organisms by microinjection and eventually into the hatched larvae in the next generation. No deleterious effects have been observed for the carbon-based nanoparticles in vivo. The high fluorescence brightness, excellent photostability, and nontoxic nature of the nanomaterial have allowed longterm imaging and tracking of embryogenesis in the organisms. © 2011 Materials Research Society.

关键词： Nanodiamonds

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Apparent Viscosity of a Skim Milk Based Dessert: Optimization Through Response Surface Methodology

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2011年第2期2卷 90-95页

作者： Felipe Richter Reis Adaucto Bellarmino de Pereira-Netto Joana Lea Meira Silveira Charles Windson Isidoro Haminiuk Lys Mary Bileski Candido Graduate Program of Food Technology Department of Chemical Engineering Universidade Federal do Parana Department of Botany Universidade Federal do Parana Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Universidade Federal do Parana

In this study, the apparent viscosity of a skim milk based dessert was optimized through the use of a 5-level Central Composite Design. The effect of carrageenan, guar gum, sucrose and pH on the dessert's apparent viscosity was esti-mated. The dessert's flow behavior was also analyzed. A rotational viscometer was used for the the apparent viscosity measurements. All formulations presented a non-Newtonian, shear-thinning behavior. Except for carrageenan concentration, all of the design factors affected apparent viscosity, being the effects better described by second order polynomial models. The following combinations of the variable ingredients yielded the best apparent viscosity: guar gum concentration: 0.0-0.315% (w/w) and sucrose concentration: 5.000-8.615% (w/w);or guar gum concentration: 0.109-0.315% (w/w) and sucrose concentration: 5.000-11.000% (w/w);in both cases, carrageenan and pH were kept at 0.020% (w/w) and 6.50, respectively.

关键词： Viscosity Milk Guar Carrageenan Dairy Dessert

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282

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Cytokine 2013年第3期63卷 310-310页

作者： Elia D. Tait Wojno Mario Noti Brian S. Kim Mark C. Siracusa Paul R. Giacomin Meera G. Nair Alain J. Benitez Kathryn R. Ruymann Amanda B. Muir David A. Hill Kudakwashe R. Chikwava Amin E. Moghaddam Quentin J. Sattentau Aneesh Alex Chao Zhou Paul Menard-Katcher Masato Kubo Kazushige Obata-Ninomiya Hajime Karasuyama Michael R. Comeau David Artis Department of Microbiology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Institute for Immunology Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Queensland Tropical Health Alliance and School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine James Cook University Cairns Australia Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia PA USA Department of Pediatrics Division of Allergy and Immunology Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia PA USA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia PA USA The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology The University of Oxford Oxford UK Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Lehigh University Bethlehem PA USA Center for Photonics and Nanoelectronics Lehigh University BethlehemPA USA Bioengineering Program Lehigh University Bethlehem PA USA Division of Gastroenterology Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Laboratory for Signal Network Research Center for Allergy and Immunology RIKEN Yokohama Institute Yokohama Japan Division of Molecular Pathology Research Institute for Biological Science Tokyo University of Science Chiba Japan Department of Immune Regulation Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School Tokyo Japan JST CREST Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School Tokyo Japan Inflammation Research Amgen Inc. Seattle WA USA Department of Pathobiology School of Veterinary Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a food allergy-associated disease characterized by esophageal eosinophilia and associated inflammation. EoE has become increasingly common in industrialized countries. However, current management strategies, such as treatment with swallowed steroids and dietary restrictions, are nonspecific or negatively impact the quality of life of EoE patients. In addition, use of more specific therapies that target immunoglobulin E (IgE) and interleukin (IL)-5 have been largely unsuccessful in ameliorating EoE. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify novel, specific immunological pathways that underlie the pathogenesis of EoE that could be targeted to treat this disease. Recently, a genome-wide association study identified that EoE is associated with a gain-of-function polymorphism in the gene that encodes thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). TSLP is an IL-7 family member cytokine that promotes allergic inflammation by eliciting T helper type 2 cytokine responses, IgE production, and the expansion of a distinct population of basophils . However, whether TSLP directly promotes allergic inflammation in the esophagus and the mechanisms by which TSLP might contribute to the pathogenesis of EoE remain unknown. Here, we describe a new murine model of experimental EoE-like disease that was used to investigate the role of TSLP in allergic inflammation of the esophagus. Murine experimental EoE-like disease developed independently of IgE but was dependent on TSLP-elicited basophils. Critically, therapeutic antibody-mediated neutralization of TSLP or depletion of basophil populations ameliorated established EoE-like disease in mice. Finally, elevated TSLP levels and exaggerated basophil responses were observed in esophageal biopsies from EoE patients, and a gain-of-function polymorphism in TSLP correlated with increased basophil responses in patients with EoE. Together, these data indicate that TSLP-elicited basophil responses may play a key role in medi

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Methylation Subtypes and Large-Scale Epigenetic Alterations in Gastric Cancer

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SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2012年第156期4卷 156ra140页

作者： Zouridis, Hermioni Deng, Niantao Ivanova, Tatiana Zhu, Yansong Wong, Bernice Huang, Dan Wu, Yong Hui Wu, Yingting Tan, Iain Beehuat Liem, Natalia Gopalakrishnan, Veena Luo, Qin Wu, Jeanie Lee, Minghui Yong, Wei Peng Goh, Liang Kee Teh, Bin Tean Rozen, Steve Tan, Patrick Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School 8 College Road Singapore 169857 Singapore. NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering National University of Singapore 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road Singapore 119074 Singapore. National Cancer Centre Singapore–Van Andel Research Institute Translational Research Laboratory Department of Medical Sciences National Cancer Centre 11 Hospital Drive Singapore 169610 Singapore. Laboratory of Cancer Genetics Van Andel Research Institute Grand Rapids MI 49503 USA. Cellular and Molecular Research National Cancer Centre Singapore 169610 Singapore. Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore 169857 Singapore. Singapore-MIT Alliance National University of Singapore Singapore 119074 Singapore. Division of Medical Oncology National Cancer Centre Singapore 169610 Singapore. Cancer Science Institute of Singapore National University of Singapore Singapore 119074 Singapore. National Cancer Institute Singapore National University Hospital Singapore 119228 Singapore. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Duke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 USA. Genome Institute of Singapore 60 Biopolis Street Genome 02-01 Singapore 138672 Singapore.

Epigenetic alterations are fundamental hallmarks of cancer genomes. We surveyed the landscape of DNA methylation alterations in gastric cancer by analyzing genome-wide CG dinucleotide (CpG) methylation profiles of 240 gastric cancers (203 tumors and 37 cell lines) and 94 matched normal gastric tissues. Cancer-specific epigenetic alterations were observed in 44% of CpGs, comprising both tumor hyper- and hypomethylation. Twenty-five percent of the methylation alterations were significantly associated with changes in tumor gene expression. Whereas most methylation-expression correlations were negative, several positively correlated methylation-expression interactions were also observed, associated with CpG sites exhibiting atypical transcription start site distances and gene body localization. Methylation clustering of the tumors revealed a CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) subgroup associated with widespread hypermethylation, young patient age, and adverse patient outcome in a disease stage–independent manner. CIMP cell lines displayed sensitivity to 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine, a clinically approved demethylating drug. We also identified long-range regions of epigenetic silencing (LRESs) in CIMP tumors. Combined analysis of the methylation, gene expression, and drug treatment data suggests that certain LRESs may silence specific genes within the region, rather than all genes. Finally, we discovered regions of long-range tumor hypomethylation, associated with increased chromosomal instability. Our results provide insights into the epigenetic impact of environmental and biological agents on gastric epithelial cells, which may contribute to cancer.

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7.2: Integrated Organic Semiconductor Optoelectronic Devices as Real-time and Indicator-free Biosensor

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SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 2012年第1期42卷

作者： Yu-Chiang Chao Shih-De Yeh Hsin-Fei Meng Hsiao-Wen Zan Gao-Fong Chang Chen-Hsiung Hung Tzu-Ching Meng Institute of Physics National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan Department of Chemistry National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan and Molecular Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei 105 Taiwan Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei 105 Taiwan Institute of Biological Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei 105 Taiwan

A biosensor specific to nitric oxide is realized by integrating an organic light-emitting diode, a photodetector, and a sensing hydrogel film. Two organic filters are also used to reduce the influence of the excitation light on the output photocurrent of the photodetector. The response time is less than 5 min.

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7. 2: Integrated organic semiconductor optoelectronic devices as real-time and indicator-free biosensor

7. 2: Integrated organic semiconductor optoelectronic device...

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作者： Chao, Yu-Chiang Yeh, Shih-De Meng, Hsin-Fei Zan, Hsiao-Wen Chang, Gao-Fong Hung, Chen-Hsiung Meng, Tzu-Ching Institute of Physics National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan Department of Photonics Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan Department of Chemistry National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan Molecular Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei 105 Taiwan Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei 105 Taiwan Institute of Biological Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei 105 Taiwan

关键词： Biosensors

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Integrated organic semiconductor optoelectronic devices as real-time and indicator-free biosensor

Integrated organic semiconductor optoelectronic devices as r...

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49th Annual SID Symposium, Seminar, and Exhibition 2011, Display Week 2011

作者： Chao, Yu-Chiang Yeh, Shih-De Meng, Hsin-Fei Zan, Hsiao-Wen Chang, Gao-Fong Hung, Chen-Hsiung Meng, Tzu-Ching Institute of Physics National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan Department of Chemistry National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan Molecular Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei 105 Taiwan Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei 105 Taiwan Institute of Biological Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei 105 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781618390967

关键词： Photodetectors

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The metabolome of induced pluripotent stem cells reveals metabolic changes occurring in somatic cell reprogramming

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细胞研究（英文版） 2012年第1期22卷 168-177页

作者： Athanasia D Panopoulos Oscar Yanes SergioRuiz Yasuyuki S Kida Dinh Diep Ralf Tautenhahn Aida Herrerias Erika M Batchelder Nongluk Plongthongkum Margaret Lutz W Travis Berggren Kun Zhang Ronald M Evans Gary Siuzdak Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte Gene Expression Laboratory The Salk Institute for Biological Studies 10010 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA Stem Cell Core The Salk Institute for Biological Studies 10010 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA Department of Bioengineering Institute for Genomic Medicine and Institute of Engineering in Medicine University of California at San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA Gene Expression Laboratory The Salk Institute for Biological Studies 10010 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute The Salk Institute for Biological Studies 10010 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biology and Scripps Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla CA 92037 USA Gene Expression Laboratory The Salk Institute for Biological Studies 10010 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona Dr Aiguader 88 08003 Barcelona Spain Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biology and Scripps Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla CA 92037 USA Metabolomics Plaiform of the Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders(CIBERDEM) University Rovira i Virgili 43007 Tarragona Spain Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program University of California at San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona Dr Aiguader 88 08003 Barcelona Spain

Metabolism is vital to every aspect of cell function, yet the metabolome of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) remains largely unexplored. Here we report, using an untargeted metabolomics approach, that human iPSCs share a pluripotent metabolomic signature with embryonic stem cells (ESCs) that is distinct from their parental cells, and that is characterized by changes in metabolites involved in cellular respiration. Examination of cellular bioenergetics corroborated with our metabolomic analysis, and demonstrated that somatic cells convert from an oxidative state to a glycolytic state in pluripotency. Interestingly, the bioenergetics of various somatic cells correlated with their reprogramming efficiencies. We further identified metabolites that differ between iPSCs and ESCs, which revealed novel metabolic pathways that play a critical role in regulating somatic cell reprogramming. Our findings are the first to globally analyze the metabolome of iPSCs, and provide mechanistic insight into a new layer of regulation involved in inducing pluripotency, and in evaluating iPSC and ESC equivalence.

关键词： reprogramming iPS cells metabolome stem cells metabolism

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