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Seasonal Variability of Surface Heat Transport in the Banda Sea

Thalassas: An International Journal of Marine Sciences 2025年第2期41卷 1-20页

作者： Napitupulu, Gandhi Fekranie, Naffisa Adyan Millina, Ananda Vista Putri, Mutiara Rachmat Kartadikaria, Aditya Rakhmat Setiawan, Agus Hatmaja, Rahaden Bagas Fajary, Faiz Rohman Study Program of Oceanography Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Cirebon Indonesia Environmental and Applied Oceanography Research Group Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Bandung Indonesia Coastal Hazards and Energy System Science Laboratory Graduate School of Innovation and Practice for Smart Society Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan Study Program of Oceanography Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Bandung Indonesia Research Centre for Deep Sea National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia Jakarta Indonesia Research Centre for Climate and Atmosphere National Research and Innovation Agency Bandung Indonesia Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science University of Maryland Maryland USA Atmospheric Science Research Group Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Bandung Indonesia

The Banda Sea, the largest and deepest ocean basin in the Indonesian Seas and a pivotal reservoir of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) exhibits significant seasonal variability in surface heat transport (SHT). This study investigates the influence of mesoscale eddies, sea surface wind (SSW), Ekman transport, and radiation as well as their complex interplay in shaping the SHT. The complex bathymetry of the region fosters a three-dimensional circulation pattern, facilitating the mixing of Pacific and Indian waters into the distinctive Indonesian sea. Mesoscale anticyclonic eddy (AE) and cyclonic eddy (CE) play crucial roles in regulating vertical heat distribution through upwelling and downwelling mechanisms. From 2006 to 2020, 236 AE and 193 CE events were identified, peaking in April and November (transition periods), respectively. During the northwest monsoon (NWM), SHT decreases due to weaker wind-driven currents and reduced advective export, which in turn leads to the accumulation of warm surface waters. While during the southeast monsoon (SEM), SHT increases as water is exported to the Indian Ocean. The ITF modulates the effects of CE and AE, with mesoscale eddy activity significantly influencing heat distribution during monsoon transitions and peak ITF periods. The June–August increase in eddies also enhances freshwater transport in the Ombai Strait and Timor Passage. Seasonal variations in radiation and wind patterns further impact SHT. During the NWM, higher radiation leads to positive SST anomalies and downwelling, intensifying evaporation. Conversely, lower radiation during the SEM results in lower SST anomalies. However, the ocean's energy content remains relatively high due to convergent net heat transport. During transitional periods, net heat transport approaches zero, and SSW are relatively lower, contributing to a decrease in evaporation. Understanding the seasonal variability of SHT in the Banda Sea is crucial for predicting regional and global c

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PRIMARY PRODUCTION IN POLAR WATERS - RELATION TO NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY

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POLAR RESEARCH 1991年第1期10卷 87-104页

作者： HARRISON, WG COTA, GF 1 Biological Oceanography Division Department of Fisheries and Oceans Bedford Institute of Oceanography P.O. Box 1006 Dartmouth Nova Scotia Canada B2Y 4A22 Graduate Program in Ecology University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee 37996 USA.

Temperature, light and dissolved nutrients arc considered the "master" abiotic properties controlling primary production in the ocean. Each of these properties, in turn, is influenced by water column stability and vertical mixing. Sustained research over the past several decades has endeavored to ascertain which of these properties is most important in regulating phytoplankton growth. In no region has this research effort been more evident than at high latitudes. For both polar regions, extremes in each of these properties is the rule in surface waters where phytoplankton grow: the lowest ocean temperatures, the greatest seasonal excursion in incident solar radiation, and thc highest dissolved nutrient concentrations. Based largely on indirect evidence, early researchers speculated that polar primary production was high relative to production at lower latitudes. This was commonly attributed to the abundant surface "macronutrients" (NO3, PO4, H4SiO4) since physiological adaptations to thc suboptimum temperatures and light were thought to characterise these high latitude populations. Intensification of polar research since the late 1960's has in many respects modified this view. Current perspectives arc that important differences exist between the Arctic and Antarctic with regard to the availability and role nutrients play in regulating primary production. In general much less emphasis is now placed on the significance of the macronutrients in the Antarctic although there is speculation and some evidence that "micronutrients" (Fe) may be important. Macronutrient availability appears to play a more important, though secondary, role in the Arctic, that of sustaining rather than initiating phytoplankton growth. This paper reviews early, contemporary. and present research addressing the question. "What role does nutrient availability play in the distribution and magnitude of primary production in Arctic and Antarctic waters?" Emphasis is placed on new research on under-ic

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Domoic acid induces developmental stage-specific effects on microglia in zebrafish

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Harmful Algae 2025年 146卷

作者： Hidayat, Alia S. Pitt, Jordan A. Fredricks, Helen Hahn, Mark E. Aluru, Neelakanteswar Biology Department and Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole 02543 MA United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) – Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Joint Graduate Program in Oceanography and Oceanographic Engineering United States Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry department Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole 02543 MA United States Center for American Progress WA 20002 DC United States Exponent Inc 1075 Worcester Street Natick 01760 MA United States

Harmful algal blooms (HABs), driven by warming oceans and increased eutrophication, are negatively affecting aquatic ecosystems as well as human health. Blooms of diatom Pseudo-nitzschia spp. produce a neurotoxin, domoic acid (DA), which can be concentrated by filter feeders, including shellfish. Consumption of DA-contaminated seafood causes amnesic shellfish poisoning. DA causes well-established effects on neurons, inducing neurotoxicity by binding to ionotropic glutamate receptors. However, its effects on non-neuronal cells including microglia, the resident immune cells in the brain, are less well understood. Microglia play critical roles in brain health, and disruptions in microglial activity during development can have long-term impacts on brain function and disease risk. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of developmental DA exposure on microglia using zebrafish (Danio rerio). We characterized effects of DA exposure on microglial abundance and morphology at two developmental stages (2 and 4 days post-fertilization (dpf)). We additionally assessed impacts on cell death, cytokine expression, and startle response behavior. In older larvae (4 dpf), microglial effects occurred only at the highest dose (0.3 ng DA per larvae) and coincided with severe morphological defects. In contrast, 2 dpf exposure to lower doses (0.1 ng DA per embryo) caused transient tremors without gross abnormalities but exposure to either 0.1 or 0.3 ng DA per larvae increased microglial abundance and altered microglial morphology. In contrast, 4 dpf exposure to 0.3 ng DA per larvae reduced microglial numbers. Increases in mRNA levels of il1b, il4, and tgfb were observed after 4 dpf exposure, but no significant cytokine changes were detected at 2 dpf. Overall, the effects of DA are highly developmental stage-specific, with microglial reactivity occurring at doses that do not cause gross morphological changes. These findings suggest that neuroinflammation may arise at lower D

关键词： Amnesic shellfish poisoning Brain Glial cells Glutamate receptor Harmful algal blooms Neurotoxicity

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Impact of iron exposure on Brazilian coral reefs: Acute vs. chronic stress responses

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Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2025年 298卷 118309页

作者： Letícia May Fukushima Juliana da Silva Fonseca Thales Jean Vidal Kely Paula Salvi Carlos Henrique Figueiredo Lacerda Patrícia Gomes Costa Miguel Mies Adalto Bianchini Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences Institute of Biological Sciences Federal University of Rio Grande Avenida Itália km 8 Rio Grande RS 96203-900 Brazil Institute of Biological Sciences Federal University of Rio Grande Avenida Itália km 8 Rio Grande RS 96203-900 Brazil Graduate Program in Oceanography Department of Oceanography Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE Av. Prof. Moraes Rego 1235 Cidade Universitária Recife PE 50670-901 Brazil Coral Vivo Institute Rua dos Coqueiros Parque Yaya Santa Cruz Cabrália BA 45807-000 Brazil Department of Biological Oceanography Oceanographic Institute University of São Paulo Praça Do Oceanográfico 191 São Paulo SP 05508-120 Brazil

Prior research has shown that exposure to metals increases corals vulnerability to bleaching by heightened oxidative stress. Understanding the impact of metal contamination on coral health in their natural environmental is crucial. This study investigate the effects of iron (Fe) exposure on Brazilian coral reef species. We evaluated the response of Mussismilia harttii , Millepora alcicornis , and Siderastrea sp . to acute (4 days) and chronic (28 days) Fe exposure under environmentally relevant concentrations (0, 100, 300 and 900 μg L −1 ). Experiments were conducted in laboratory and in a marine mesocosm Biomarkers including Fe bioaccumulation, lipid peroxidation (LPO), protein carbonylation (PCN), and DNA damage were measured. The correlation between chronic exposure results and environmental factors were also analyzed. The hypotheses were: a) Fe exposure would increase ROS production in corals, leading to biomolecule damage; b) acute and chronic Fe exposure would affect ROS production and biomolecule damage differently; c) Fe bioaccumulation would vary between species and concentrations; and d) environmental factors might influence coral responses to Fe. Results indicated that all species exhibited increased Fe bioaccumulation as metal concentrations increased, suggesting a common ability to absorb and accumulate Fe. The oxidative damage response vired between acute and chronic exposure, with acute exposure causing more damage while chronic exposure showed a temporal reduction in damage. Environmental factors (e.g. temperature, pH, salinity and dissolved oxygen) also influenced the coral responses, either exacerbating or mitigating oxidative stress effects. These findings highlight the importance of understanding Fe contamination impacts for the conservation of Brazilian coral reefs .

关键词： Corals Oxidative stress Iron Bioaccumulation Biomarkers

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The influence of oceanographic processes on pelagic-benthic coupling in polar regions: A benthic perspective

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Journal of Marine Systems 1991年第3-4期2卷 495-518页

作者： Grebmeier, Jacqueline M. Barry, James P. Graduate Program in Ecology The University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 United States Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 United States

Benthic community abundance and biomass in polar marine systems is directly influenced by food supply from the overlying water column. Variability in hydrographic regimes, ice coverage, light, water column temperature and pelagic food web structure limit the amount of organic carbon reaching the benthos. Data from the high Arctic and Antarctic indicate that a large percentage of surface-produced organic matter is consumed by both macro- and micro-zooplankton as well as recycled in the water column via the microbial loop. This results in food-limited regimes for the underlying benthos. The few exceptions are nearshore continental shelf systems, such as in the Bering and Chukchi Seas in the western Arctic and portions of the Canadian Archipelago and Barents Sea in the eastern Arctic, where high benthic abundance and biomass occurs due to a tight coupling between water column primary production and benthic secondary production. A major difference between the Antarctic and Arctic is that the nearshore deep Antarctic is characterized by relatively high benthic abundance and biomass despite low water column production, suggesting that stability, low disturbance levels and cold temperatures enable benthic organisms to grow larger than in the Arctic. Both physical and biological disturbance levels are high in the marginal seas of the Arctic may directly influence benthic productivity. The relationship between primary production and sedimentation of organic material to the benthos is nonlinear due to its dependence on the role of the pelagic food web. Therefore, in this review we will only discuss the pelagic system with respect to how it impacts the net food supply reachig the benthos. A major objective of this review paper is demonstrate the influence of oceanographic processes on pelagic-benthic coupling in polar regions from a "bottom-up" perspective, using benthic studies from various regions in both the Arctic and Antarctic. Similarities and differences in oceanographi

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Ocean current signals propagation along the Outer Banda Arcs 3

Ocean current signals propagation along the Outer Banda Arcs

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3rd EMBRIO International Workshop on Marine Biodiversity: Understanding, Utilization, Conservation, EIW 2018

作者： Masoleh, V.C. Atmadipoera, A.S. Purba, M. Graduate Program in Marine Sciences Bogor Agricultural University Bogor Indonesia Physical Oceanography Laboratory Dept. of Marine Science and Technology-IPB Bogor Indonesia

Equatorial Pacific Rossby waves may enter into the interior of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF)'s eastern pathway, such as along the Outer Banda Arcs (OBA). This study aimed to investigate the dynamics of the ITF along the OBA channel from Ceram Sea to Aru Basin to Western Timor Passage. This is necessary because it can provide information about the physical oceanographic conditions, especially the dynamics of the current in the study area. Based on the Hovmoller diagram, a propagation of the signal from kinetic energy was found along the OBA which its phase speed theoretically appears to be trapped in Rossby waves, because of the similarity of the speed phase. The normal mode analysis shows that the oscillation in Ceram Sea, Aru Basin, and Timor Passage has the same pattern based on the potential density and Brunt-Vaisala frequency profiles. The transport's coherence between Indo-Pacific meridional winds and transport volume in Aru Basin shows a strong coherence value (0.94) which is dominated by an annual variability with a period of 341 days. The results suggest that zonal winds along the equator Pacific Ocean act as a remotely forced Rossby waves that propagate westward, entering the interior of Indonesian Seas. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Kinetic energy

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Coherence of transport variability along outer Banda Arcs 2

Coherence of transport variability along outer Banda Arcs

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2nd International Conference on Marine Sciences, ICMS 2017

作者： Masoleh, V.C. Atmadipoera, A.S. Graduate Program in Marine Sciences Bogor Agricultural University [IPB Indonesia Physical Oceanography Laboratory Dept. of Marine Science and Technology-IPB United States

Previous study hypothesized that the Pacific equatorial waves could enter into the interior Indonesian Seas and influenced the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) along its eastern pathway. Here we investigate the variability of volume transport in the upper 500 m depth and its coherency along the outer Banda Arcs (OBA) channel from Ceram Sea (CS) to Aru Basin (AB) to western Timor Passage (TP) using daily INDESO model output (2008-2014). As expected, mean volume transport along OBA is in clock-wise direction: +1.04 (±1.54) Sv eastward in CS, -0.61 (±0.79) Sv southward in AB, and -8.42 (±2.05) Sv westward in TP, respectively. The vertical structure of currents is prominently intensified in the upper 300 m layer. Scales of transport variability in CS and AB are dominated by annual period with secondary in intraseasonal (ISV) period. In contrast, TP dominant periodicities are on the semiannual and ISV scales. Transport variability on ISV 30-43 days period among CS - AB - TP shows a significant coherence (>0.8) and phase difference (2-5 days) with signal in CS leading to AB and TP. This suggests a presence of Pacific equatorial waves which propagate along OBA channel. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

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The morphology and tectonics of the Mark area from Sea Beam and Sea MARC I observations (Mid-Atlantic Ridge 23° N)

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Marine Geophysical Researches 1988年第1-2期10卷 59-90页

作者： Kong, Laura S.L. Detrick, Robert S. Fox, Paul J. Mayer, Larry A. Ryan, W.B.F. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution MIT/WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography Woods Hole 02543 MA United States Graduate School of Oceanography University of Rhode Island Kingston 02881 RI United States Department of Oceanography Dalhousie University Halifax B3H 4J1 Nova Scotia Canada Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Palisades 10964 NY United States

High-resolution Sea Beam bathymetry and Sea MARC I side scan sonar data have been obtained in the MARK area, a 100-km-long portion of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge rift valley south of the Kane Fracture Zone. These data reveal a surprisingly complex rift valley structure that is composed of two distinct spreading cells which overlap to create a small, zero-offset transform or discordant zone. The northern spreading cell consists of a magmatically robust, active ridge segment 40-50 km in length that extends from the eastern Kane ridge-transform intersection south to about 23°12′ N. The rift valley in this area is dominated by a large constructional volcanic ridge that creates 200-500 m of relief and is associated with high-temperature hydrothermal activity. The southern spreading cell is characterized by a NNE-trending band of small (50-200 m high), conical volcanos that are built upon relatively old, fissured and sediment-covered lavas, and which in some cases are themselves fissured and faulted. This cell appears to be in a predominantly extensional phase with only small, isolated eruptions. These two spreading cells overlap in an anomalous zone between 23°05′ N and 23°17′ N that lacks a well-developed rift valley or neovolcanic zone, and may represent a slow-spreading ridge analogue to the overlapping spreading centers found at the East Pacific Rise. Despite the complexity of the MARK area, volcanic and tectonic activity appears to be confined to the 10-17 km wide rift valley floor. Block faulting along near-vertical, small-offset normal faults, accompanied by minor amounts of back-tilting (generally less than 5°), begins within a few km of the ridge axis and is largely completed by the time the crust is transported up into the rift valley walls. Features that appear to be constructional volcanic ridges formed in the median valley are preserved largely intact in the rift mountains. Mass-wasting and gullying of scarp faces, and sedimentation which buries low-relief seaflo

关键词： Mid-Atlantic Ridge oceanic crust rift valley seafloor spreading

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Guest editorial from The BMS Annual Lecture 2023

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Post Reproductive Health 2023年第4期29卷 187-189页

作者： Gilbert, Jack A Dothard, Marisol Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program and Department of Pediatrics University of California San Diego La Jolla CA United States Scripps Institution Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla CA United States

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Offshore validation of ERA5 reanalysis with hub height wind observations of Brazil

Offshore validation of ERA5 reanalysis with hub height wind ...

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2021 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference - Latin America, ISGT Latin America 2021

作者： Fernandes, Italo G. Pimenta, Felipe M. Saavedra, Osvaldo R. Silva, Allan R. Institute of Electrical Energy UFMA MA São Luís Brazil Graduate Program of Oceanography UFSC SC Florianópolis Brazil National Institute of Oceanic and Fluvial Energies INEOF BA Vitória da Conquista Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781665444217

Wind is a natural resource that has been explored widely in recent years in different regions around the world. In Brazil, the penetration of wind energy represents 11 % of the country's generation capacity, currently explored in continental areas. Although offshore wind projects are in the environmental licensing phase, the country lacks coastal and offshore observations performed at height of modern wind turbines. Atmospheric models have been a valuable tool for the assessing the potential and distribution of offshore wind power. Some reanalysis present hourly datasets with long time record and global coverage. Here the ERA5 atmospheric reanalysis of ECMWF is compared to hub height wind observations of three locations in Brazil. The first is derived from a coastal meteorological tower located on Alcantara Launch Center in the state of Maranhão (MA- Tower). The second is derived from LIDAR observations of a coastal pier in Santa Catarina (SC-LIDAR). The last are tall tower observations performed by a Petrobras oil platform located in Santos Basin (Tower-PETRO). The temporal characteristics of the winds at these locations are explored and compared to ERA5. Power generation is simulated considering a 8 MW offshore wind turbine. Results demonstrate that ERA5 is well suited for daily to monthly scale analysis of wind speeds. The model spatial resolution, however, precludes a close representation of the diurnal variability in locations where the sea breeze is an important component of the circulation. Power simulations demonstrated good results for all ERA5 comparisons. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Optical radar

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