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High-Order Nonlinear Electrophoresis in a Nematic Liquid Crystal

Physical Review Letters 2024年第15期132卷 158102-158102页

作者： Mojtaba Rajabi Taras Turiv Bing-Xiang Li Hend Baza Dmitry Golovaty Oleg D. Lavrentovich Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute Kent State University Kent Ohio 44242 USA Department of Physics Kent State University Kent Ohio 44242 USA College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing 210023 China Department of Mathematics The University of Akron Akron Ohio 44325-4002 USA Materials Science Graduate Program Kent State University Kent Ohio 44242 USA

Electrophoresis is the motion of particles relative to a surrounding fluid driven by a uniform electric field. In conventional electrophoresis, the electrophoretic velocity grows linearly with the applied field. Nonlinear effects with a quadratic speed vs field dependence are gaining research interest since an alternating current field could drive them. Here, we report on the giant nonlinearity of electrophoresis in a nematic liquid crystal in which the speed grows with the fourth and sixth powers of the electric field. The mechanism is attributed to the shear thinning of the nematic environment induced by the moving colloid. The observed giant nonlinear effect dramatically enhances the efficiency of electrophoretic transport.

关键词： Electrophoresis Non-Newtonian fluids Nonlinear dynamics in fluids Colloids Liquid crystals Nematic liquid crystals optical microscopy Rheology techniques

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Superlattice HfO2-ZrO2 based Ferro-Stack HfZrO2 FeFETs: Homogeneous-Domain Merits Ultra-Low Error, Low programming Voltage 4 V and Robust Endurance 109 cycles for Multibit NVM

Superlattice HfO2-ZrO2 based Ferro-Stack HfZrO2 FeFETs: Homo...

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International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM)

作者： C.-Y. Liao Z.-F. Lou C.-Y. Lin A. Senapati R. Karmakar K.-Y. Hsiang Z.-X. Li W.-C. Ray J.-Y. Lee P.-H. Chen F.-S. Chang H.-H. Tseng C.-C. Wang J.-H. Tsai Y.-T. Tang S. T. Chang C. W. Liu S. Maikap M. H. Lee NTNU Institute and Undergraduate Program of Electro-Optical Engineering Taipei Taiwan Department of Electronic Engineering CGU Taoyuan Taiwan NYCU Institute of Electronics Hsinchu Taiwan Graduate School of Advance Technology NTU Taipei Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering NTNU Taipei Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering NCU Taoyuan Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering NCHU Taichung Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781665489607

Superlattice (SL) HfO 2 -ZrO 2 with physical thickness of 5 nm and low phase fraction ratio 0.101:1 of monoclinic-phase (m-phase) to orthorhombic-phase (o-phase) investigated by geometrical phase analysis (GPA) is demonstrated. The homogeneous and congruous of SL-HfZrO 2 (HZO) with sufficient ferroelectric-domain is integrated as ferro-stack FeFETs for multibit NVM with low |V PG/ER | = 4 V, ultra-low error rate = 7.5×10 -16 , record high 2-bit endurance for 10 9 cycles, and stable data retention > 10 4 s. The device-to-device (D2D) variation of nanoscale 3D FeFETs is also improved with the proposed SL-HZO. The superlattice technique for FE-HZO is a promising concept with elevating the coherence of domain access due to high o-phase toward emerging memory applications.

关键词： Voltage fluctuations Three-dimensional displays Nonvolatile memory Superlattices Switches programming Nanoscale devices

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Nonsaturated large magnetoresistance and transport dynamics in a n-doped cryogenic WSe2 field-effect device

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Physical Review B 2025年第12期111卷 125307-125307页

作者： Wei-Chen Lin Ching-Chen Yeh Jia-Zhu Zou Nhat Anh Nguyen Phan Inayat Uddin Hai Yen Le Thi Kenji Watanabe Takashi Taniguchi Gil-Ho Kim Department of Engineering and System Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan Department of Physics National Taiwan University Taipei 106 Taiwan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) Suwon 164 Republic of Korea Sungkyunkwan Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT) Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba 305-0044 Japan Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba 305-0044 Japan

Interest in the two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) continues to intensify, driven by their suitable band gaps to supplant silicon as next-generation semiconductor materials. Among various TMDs, tungsten diselenide (WSe2) is renowned for its superior electrical properties in carrier density and mobility under ambient conditions. Despite its notable attributes, the behavior of monolayer WSe2 in the electron-doped regime under cryogenic conditions remains largely uncharted, particularly concerning its magnetotransport properties. In this study, we reveal the transport mechanisms of monolayer WSe2 from high temperatures down to the cryogenic regime. As evident by Efros–Shklovskii variable-range hopping (E-S VRH) in the cryogenic regime, strong Coulomb interactions arise between electrons. Above 8 K, an uncommon nonsaturated quadratic large magnetoresistance (MR) can be explained by the wave-function shrinkage model, which is consistent with the E-S VRH transport mechanism. Notably, the nonsaturated quadratic large MR shows a magnitude up to 1740% at 13 T. These findings underscore the potential applications for monolayer WSe2 in cryogenic field-effect devices, magnetic sensors, and memory devices and mark a significant advance in magnetotransport research.

关键词： Monolayers

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Photonic Characteristics of U-shape Micro Light-Emitting Diodes and Their Integration with Colloidal Quantum Dots

Photonic Characteristics of U-shape Micro Light-Emitting Dio...

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Bo-Ming Huang Yu-Ming Jao Fang-Zhong Lin Guan-Ying Lee Chung-Ping Huang Hao-Chung Kuo Chien-Chung Lin Graduated Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics National Taiwan University Taipei City Taiwan Institute of Photonic System National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Tainan Taiwan Graduate Program of College of Photonics College of Photonics National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Tainan City Taiwan Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan

An InGaN U-shape micro LED is fabricated and integrated with colloidal quantum dots. The extracted SRH coefficient showed a 3.2-time increase of surface recombination velocity, while the lifetime of the quantum dot la... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

关键词： Atomic layer deposition Light emitting diodes Photometry Quantum dots Strain Surfaces

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Multi-state Chiral Switching Through Adiabaticity Control in Encircling Exceptional Points

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Li, Aodong Wang, Jian Alù, Andrea Chen, Lin Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New YorkNY10031 United States Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York New YorkNY10016 United States Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute Shenzhen518063 China School of Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen518172 China

Dynamic encircling of exceptional points has attracted significant interest in recent years, as it can facilitate chiral transmission selectivity due to a nontrivial eigenstate evolution. Recently, multi-state systems have been explored, associated with more complex topologies supporting a larger number of exceptional points, but chiral switching among multiple eigenstates has remained elusive in experiments. Here, we overcome this challenge by dividing the eigenstate space into multiple subspaces by controlling the adiabaticity. The eigenstates in different subspaces can evolve without crosstalk, and chiral switching occurs as the eigenstates within each subspace are subject to a non-adiabatic transition while they encircle exceptional points. We experimentally demonstrate this phenomenon by reporting chiral switching for two groups of optical modes at telecom wavelengths in a four-state optical system, and theoretically demonstrate that our approach can be extended to higher-order systems. Our findings pave new avenues for studying chiral dynamics based on exceptional-point physics in multi-state systems, and offer opportunities to develop multiplexed photonic devices. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Photonic devices

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Topological transformations of a nematic drop

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Koizumi, Runa Golovaty, Dmitry Alqarni, Ali Li, Bing-Xiang Sternberg, Peter J. Lavrentovich, Oleg D. Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute Materials Science Graduate Program Kent State University KentOH44242 United States Department of Mathematics The University of Akron AkronOH44325-4002 United States College of Electronics and Optical Engineering College of Microelectronics Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing210023 China Department of Mathematics Indiana University BloomingtonIN47405 United States Department of Physics Kent State University KentOH44242 United States

Morphogenesis of living systems involves topological shape transformations which are highly unusual in the inanimate world. Here we demonstrate that a droplet of a nematic liquid crystal changes its equilibrium shape from a simply-connected tactoid, which is topologically equivalent to a sphere, to a torus, which is not simply-connected. The topological shape transformation is caused by the interplay of nematic elastic constants, which facilitates splay and bend of molecular orientations in tactoids but hinders splay in the toroids. The elastic anisotropy mechanism might be helpful in understanding topology transformations in morphogenesis and paves the way to control and transform shapes of droplets of liquid crystals and related soft materials. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Drops

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Mechanism of THz dielectric constant enhancement in multi-component oxide glasses investigated by infrared and THz spectroscopies

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Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 2023年 176卷

作者： Wada, Osamu Ramachari, Doddoji Yang, Chan-Shan Harada, Yukihiro Uchino, Takashi Pan, Ci-Ling Department of Physics National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Office for Academic and Industrial Innovation Kobe University Kobe657-8501 Japan Institute of Research and Development Duy Tan University Da Nang550000 Viet Nam Faculty of Natural Sciences Duy Tan University Da Nang550000 Viet Nam Institute and Undergraduate Program of Electro-Optical Engineering National Taiwan Normal University Taipei11677 Taiwan Micro/Nano Device Inspection and Research Center National Taiwan Normal University Taipei106 Taiwan Graduate School of Engineering Kobe University Kobe657-8501 Japan Graduate School of Science Kobe University Kobe657-8501 Japan

Dielectric properties of multi-component silicate oxide glasses are investigated with a focus on high dielectric constant oxyfluorosilicate (OFS) glasses by using the infrared reflection spectroscopy and terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy. On the basis of multiple Lorentz oscillator model, vibrational parameters and most responsible ionic pairs are identified for major modes in OFS glasses. The lowest frequency mode is found to dominate the total THz dielectric strength. Among various glasses, the high frequency (optical) dielectric constant shows a superlinear dependence on the electronic polarizability of oxygens. In contrast, the low frequency (THz) mode contribution to the dielectric constant is enhanced by the ionicity (expressed by the polarization ionicity parameter) and exhibits an even steeper dependence on the electronic polarizability. This feature well explains the mechanism of attaining the highest THz dielectric constant in an OFS glass (e.g. ZNbKLSNd glass). Also, the oxygen ion effective charges bearing the lowest frequency modes of OFS glasses are evaluated and found to behave consistently with the polarization ionicity parameter, confirming the relevance of both of these parameters as good ionicity indicators. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Glass

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Novel Opposite Polarity Cycling Recovery (OPCR) of HfZrO2 Antiferroelectric-RAM with an Access Scheme Toward Unlimited Endurance

Novel Opposite Polarity Cycling Recovery (OPCR) of HfZrO2 An...

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International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM)

作者： K.-Y. Hsiang Y.-C. Chen F.-S. Chang C.-Y. Lin C.-Y. Liao Z.-F. Lou J.-Y. Lee W.-C. Ray Z.-X. Li C.-C. Wang H.-C. Tseng P.-H. Chen J.-H. Tsai M. H. Liao T.-H. Hou C. W. Liu P.-T. Huang P. Su M. H. Lee Institute and Undergraduate Program of Electro-Optical Engineering National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan Institute of Electronics National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Graduate School of Advance Technology National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan International College of Semiconductor Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781665489607

Opposite polarity cycling recovery (OPCR) is proposed for the first time to completely restore a fatigued antiferroelectric (AFE) capacitor back to its initial state, thereby extending the endurance number of switching cycles for AFE-RAM. A comprehensive model exclusive to AFE with unipolar cycling is revealed toward the prospect of unlimited endurance, and the unipolar cycling with OPCR is experimentally demonstrated to be 5.6×10 11 cycles, while achieving the nondegradation and complete restoration of P r . Furthermore, the access scheme of 1T1C AFE-RAM is presented for the proposed alternate polarity operation.

关键词： Degradation Capacitors Switches Fatigue Capacitance Mathematical models Iron

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Riemann-Encircling Exceptional Points for Efficient Asymmetric Polarization-Locked Devices

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Physical Review Letters 2022年第12期129卷 127401-127401页

作者： Aodong Li Weijin Chen Heng Wei Guowei Lu Andrea Alù Cheng-Wei Qiu Lin Chen Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117583 Singapore State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics School of Physics Peking University Beijing 100871 China Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New York New York 10031 USA Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York New York New York 10016 USA

Dynamically encircling exceptional points (EPs) have unveiled intriguing chiral dynamics in photonics. However, the traditional approach based on an open manifold of Hamiltonian parameter space fails to explore trajectories that pass through an infinite boundary. Here, by mapping the full parameter space onto a closed manifold of the Riemann sphere, we introduce a framework to describe encircling-EP loops. We demonstrate that an encircling trajectory crossing the north vertex can realize near-unity asymmetric transmission. An efficient gain-free, broadband asymmetric polarization-locked device is realized by mapping the encircling path onto L-shaped silicon waveguides.

关键词： PT-symmetric quantum mechanics Photonics

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In situ Light-Writable Orientation Control in Liquid Crystal Elastomer Film Enabled by Chalcones

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Angewandte Chemie 2024年第11期136卷

作者： Yiyi Xu Xinfang Zhang Zhenpeng Song Xiao Chen Yinliang Huang Jinyu Wang Prof. Bingxiang Li Prof. Shuai Huang Prof. Quan Li Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China Materials Science Graduate Program Kent State University Kent OH-44242 USA College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing 210023 China

Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are stimulus-responsive materials with intrinsic anisotropy. However, it is still challenging to in situ program the mesogen alignment to realize three-dimensional (3D) deformations with high-resolution patterned structures. This work presents a feasible strategy to program the anisotropy of LCEs by using chalcone mesogens that can undergo a photoinduced cycloaddition reaction under linear polarized light. It is shown that by controlling the polarization director and the irradiation region, patterned alignment distribution in a freestanding LCE film can be created, which leads to complex and reversible 3D shape-morphing behaviors. The work demonstrates an in situ light-writing method to achieve sophisticated topography changes in LCEs, which has potential applications in encryption, sensors, and beyond.

关键词： Chalcone-Based Liquid Crystal Liquid Crystal Elastomer Photo-Crosslinked Material Polarized Light Alignment

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