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SICE Annual Conference

作者： Akira Fukuhara Rinta Akimoto Takeshi Kano Ryo Kobayashi Yuji Yamamoto Akifumi Kijima Keiko Yokoyama Akio Ishiguro Research Institute of Electrical Communication Miyagi Japan Department of Electrical Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Miyagi Japan Program of Mathematical and Life Sciences Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan Department of Psychological Sciences Niigata University of Health and Welfare Niigata Japan Faculty of Education University of Yamanashi Yamanashi Japan Research Center of Health Physical Fitness and Sports Nagoya University Aichi Japan

This study investigates the control mechanisms underlying interpersonal coordination in ballroom dancing. We propose an agent-pair model, to understand the mechanism, that the number of steps increases when dancers dance in pairs compared to when they dance solo, that is, the pair-assist effect. In the proposed model, the agents support each other through holds on their arms, enabling them to take back-arched body postures that allow the agents to realize larger leg strides, which would result in instability if the agents danced alone. Furthermore, each agent adjusts its leg motion based on the compressive force generated by the hold, thereby generating a cooperative motion that suppresses the variation in the hold force due to discrepancies between agents. Simulation results suggest that decentralized motion coordination based on the load via the hold between agents is important in cooperative movements that involve physical contact, as observed in ballroom dancing.

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Protein folding as a jamming transition

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Grigas, Alex T. Liu, Zhuoyi Logan, Jack A. Shattuck, Mark D. O’Hern, Corey S. Graduate Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Integrated Graduate Program in Physical and Engineering Biology Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Benjamin Levich Institute and Physics Department The City College of New York New YorkNY10031 United States Department of Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Applied Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States

Proteins fold to a specific functional conformation with a densely packed hydrophobic core that controls their stability. We develop a geometric, yet all-atom model for proteins that explains the universal core packing fraction of φc = 0.55 found in experimental measurements. We show that as the hydrophobic interactions increase relative to the temperature, a novel jamming transition occurs when the core packing fraction exceeds φc. The model also recapitulates the global structure of proteins since it can accurately refold to native-like structures from partially unfolded states. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Proteins

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Using range of motion to examine the effects of deep brain stimulation on gait function of Parkinson’s disease patients with freezing of gait: a proof-of-concept study

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Journal of Biomechanical Science and engineering 2021年第2期16卷 1-11页

作者： Nien, Ching Chen, Kai-Hsiang Wu, Yi-Ning Chuang, Shueh-Lin Yang, Bing-Shiang Department of Mechanical Engineering National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30010 Taiwan Department of Neurology National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch Hsinchu30059 Taiwan Department of Physical Therapy and Kinesiology University of Massachusetts Lowell LowellMA018514 United States Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30010 Taiwan Graduate Degree Program of Robotics National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30010 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30010 Taiwan

The purpose of this study was to develop quantitative parameters using range of motion (ROM) of shanks, thighs and knees to evaluate the effect of deep brain stimulation (DBS) on gait performance and freezing of gait (FOG) of patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD). Three patients with FOG due to advanced Parkinson’s disease who has received DBS were recruited. The recruited subjects were instructed to walk on a 100-meter path in three conditions: 60 Hz DBS (60 Hz), 130 Hz DBS (130 Hz) and no DBS (Off). Five inertial measurement unit sensors were attached to subjects’ sacrum, bilateral shanks and thighs respectively. Quantified parameters included (1) spatial parameters: shanks, thighs and knees ROM;(2) temporal parameters: stride time, stance time duration and double support time percentage;(3) FOG severity: the percentage of FOG duration during path walking. Three subjects’ ROM of right shank significantly increased in 60 Hz,130 Hz and Off order. Compared to 130 Hz, right shank ROM of subjects S1, S2 and S3 significantly increased 13.2%, 99.6% and 6.1% in 60 Hz, respectively. In temporal parameters results, only double support time percentage was significantly different between 60 Hz and 130 Hz in all three subjects. When compared to 130 Hz, the double support time percentage of S1 and S2 significantly decreased 6.3% and 18.4% in 60 Hz, and that of S3 significantly increased 4.4%. ROM of right shank and FOG severity were highly correlated (R2 = 0.71). Shank ROM could represent subjects’ gait performance under different stimulation conditions. Shank ROM could be treated as a reference for clinicians to evaluate gait performance and severity of FOG immediately when DBS frequency is adjusted. This study demonstrated the potential of using objective parameters to optimize the DBS through assessing the gait performance changes in the clinic. © 2021 The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers

关键词： Freezing

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Temperature-dependent band modification and energy dependence of the electron-phonon interaction in the topological surface state on Bi2Te3

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physical Review B 2022年第12期106卷 L121104-L121104页

作者： Amit Kumar Shiv Kumar Yudai Miyai Kenya Shimada Department of Physical Science Graduate School of Science Hiroshima University Kagamiyama 1-3-1 Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Kagamiyama 1-3-1 Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center Hiroshima University Kagamiyama 2-313 Higashi-Hiroshima 739-0046 Japan

We report the temperature-dependent band structure and energy dependence of the electron-phonon interaction of the topological surface state (TSS) on the three-dimensional topological insulator Bi2Te3 using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Despite the nonrigid-band-like band modification as the temperature increases, the degeneracy at the Dirac point (DP) was robust, indicating topological protection. The electron-phonon coupling parameter depends on the initial-state electron energy, varying from 0.13 (at the DP) to 0.02 (100 meV above the DP), in agreement with reported first-principles calculations. Our findings provide insight into the physical properties derived from TSSs at finite temperatures.

关键词： Band gap Electron-phonon coupling Electronic structure Lifetimes & widths Surface states Symmetry protected topological states Temperature Single crystal materials Topological insulators Photoemission spectroscopy

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Calibration of nuclear charge density distribution by back-propagation neural networks

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physical Review C 2023年第3期108卷 034315-034315页

作者： Zu-Xing Yang (杨祖星) Xiao-Hua Fan (范小华) Tomoya Naito (内藤智也) Zhong-Ming Niu (牛中明) Zhi-Pan Li (李志攀) Haozhao Liang (梁豪兆) RIKEN Nishina Center Wako 351-0198 Japan School of Physical Science and Technology Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China RIKEN Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences Program Wako 351-0198 Japan Department of Physics Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Anhui University Hefei 230601 China

Based on the back-propagation neural networks and density functional theory, a supervised learning is performed firstly to generate the nuclear charge density distributions. The charge density is further calibrated to the experimental charge radii by a composite loss function. It is found that, when the parity, pairing, and shell effects are taken into account, about 96% of the nuclei in the validation set fall within 2 standard deviations of the predicted charge radii. Moreover, the kink in charge radii on Hg isotopes has been successfully reproduced. The calibrated charge density is then mapped to the matter density and further mapped to the binding energies according to the Hohenberg-Kohn theorem. It provides an improved description of some nuclei in both binding energies and charge radii. Moreover, the anomalous overbinding in Ca48 implies that the segmental calibrations by neural networks for beyond-mean-field effects deserve further discussion.

关键词： Binding energy & masses Nuclear charge radii Artificial neural networks Density functional theory Machine learning

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Enhancing Diagnostic Accuracy for Knee Osteoarthritis Using a Deep Learning Approach

Enhancing Diagnostic Accuracy for Knee Osteoarthritis Using ...

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International Symposium on Applied Science 2024, ISAS 2024

作者： Raza, Aquib Ching, Congo Tak Shing Liu, Peng-Ta Phan, Thien-Luan Tran, Ngoc-Luan Nguyen, Ha Anh T. Rameez, Mohammad Li, Hung-Chung Linh, Dao Nguyen Phuong Van Hieu, Nguyen Tran, Trung Nghia National Taiwan University Taipei City10673 Taiwan Research Center for Information Technology Academia Sinica Taipei City11529 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung402 Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering National Chi Nan University Nantou County Taiwan Advanced Plant and Food Crop Biotechnology Center National Chung Hsing University Taichung402 Taiwan International Doctoral Program in Agriculture National Chung Hsing University Taichung402 Taiwan Fall Prevention Center Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Changhua Christian Hospital Changhua500 Taiwan Department of Physics and Electronic Engineering University of Science Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City70000 Viet Nam Department of Computer Science University of York York HeslingtonYO10 5DD United Kingdom Undergraduate Program of Intellectual Creativity Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung402 Taiwan Ho Chi Minh City72409 Viet Nam HCMUT Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Thu Duc Ho Chi Minh City71308 Viet Nam

This research introduces a deep learning framework that combines convolutional neural networks with autoencoders to improve the diagnostic accuracy of knee osteoarthritis. The study utilized a publicly available dataset from the Mendeley Data repository, where knee joint images were preprocessed using Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization to enhance contrast and ensure consistent image sizing. Initially, an autoencoder was employed in an unsupervised manner to learn compressed representations of the data. These representations were then used to train a CNN to classify knee images into 'healthy' and 'osteoarthritic' categories. The model was trained using an 80:20 split for training and testing data, incorporating early stopping and data augmentation techniques to prevent overfitting and enhance generalization. Performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROCAUC) were used to evaluate the model, resulting in a high test accuracy of 98.95%. The high precision and recall rates further confirmed the model's robustness in diagnosing KOA. To enhance interpretability, Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) was applied to identify critical regions in the images that influenced the model's decisions. Additionally, t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) was used to visualize the high-dimensional encoded features in a two-dimensional space, providing deeper insights into how the model differentiates between classes. The promising results of this deep learning approach suggest its potential for broader applications in medical imaging diagnostics. By providing healthcare professionals with a tool that enhances diagnostic accuracy and operational efficiency, this framework lays the foundation for developing scalable, AI-driven diagnostic systems for various complex medical conditions. © 2025 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Joints (anatomy)

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Nanoslot-Induced Ultrastrong Phonon-Photon and Phonon-Phonon Coupling in Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskites 16

Nanoslot-Induced Ultrastrong Phonon-Photon and Phonon-Phonon...

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16th Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO-PR 2024

作者： Kim, Dasom Hou, Jin Lee, Geon Agrawal, Ayush Kim, Sunghwan Zhang, Hao Bao, Di Baydin, Andrey Wu, Wenjing Tay, Fuyang Huang, Shengxi Hagenmüller, Daivd Chia, Elbert E. M. Kim, Dai-Sik Seo, Minah Mohite, Aditya D. Kono, Junichiro Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Sensor System Research Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul02792 Korea Republic of Department of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Ulsan44919 Korea Republic of Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 637371 Singapore Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Université de Strasbourg Cnrs Strasbourg67000 France KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University Seoul02841 Korea Republic of Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States

Methods for harnessing vibrational states are desired for phonon-based technologies. We realized ultrastrong coupling of two phonon modes in perovskite materials induced by ultrastrong coupling with a common photonic ... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9798350372076

关键词： Organic-inorganic materials

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Evaluation of a microinjection system for severe dry eye treatment 10

Evaluation of a microinjection system for severe dry eye tre...

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10th International Congress of Physics engineering, CIIF 2020

作者： Meni-Babakidi, Narcisse Viramontes-Gamboa, Gonzalo Ibarra-Bracamontes, Laura Alicia Luna-Reyes, Israel Graduate Program in Physical Engineering Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo 403 Santiago Tapia Morelia58000 Mexico Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo 403 Santiago Tapia Morelia58000 Mexico Faculty of Electrical Engineering Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo 403 Santiago Tapia Morelia58000 Mexico

This article presents the experimental results of a series of analysis and validation tests carried out on a microinjection system designed to deliver artifitial tears to patients suffering of severe dry eye. The microinjector has the following characteristics: High efficiency and precision, user friendly, portable (8.5 × 4.5 × 2.5 cm) and low manufacturing and assembling costs. The microinjector overcomes many of the shortcomings inherent to the manual method drip, it has a syringe reservoir to keep and deliver the artifitial tears. An electronically driven plunger pushes the solution into a capillary that transfer it to the patient's eyes. The programmed time to deliver the tears fluid is set by the ptient through a "C"program in an Android based device. The real delivering time differs slightly from the programmed one due to frictional effects between the plunger and the syringe walls. The validation tests had the objective to quantify the time difference between the programmed and real delivering times, using as artifitial tears the Lagricel Ofteno brand, whis is the most used in Mexico. Two differentiable tests were done, in one test the plunger was lubricated with silicon oil (Ardes brand) for its compararation with the case where no lubricant is used. All test were done with an operating flow rate range of 0.13-60 L/min). The results show that the microinjection system has the ability to offer high performance and precision with ± 0.191 and ± 0.137 % average error respectively for non-lubricated vs. lubricated tests. The microinjection system can also be used for another compatible biomedical applications like chemotherapy, insulin administration, liquid drug delivery, among others adapting certain injection characteristics (flow rates and time). © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Controlled drug delivery

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A micromirror array with annular partitioning for high-speed random-access axial focusing

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 241-255页

作者： Nathan Tessema Ersumo Cem Yalcin Nick Antipa Nicolas Pegard Laura Waller Daniel Lopez Rikky Muller The University of California Berkeley and University of CaliforniaSan Francisco Graduate Program in BioengineeringBerkeleyCA 94720USA Department of Electrical Engineering&Computer Sciences University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA Department of Applied Physical Sciences University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27514USA Chan Zuckerberg Biohub San FranciscoCA 94158USA Physical Measurement Laboratory National Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburgMD 20899USA

Dynamic axial focusing functionality has recently experienced widespread incorporation in microscopy,augmented/virtual reality(AR/VR),adaptive optics and material ***,the limitations of existing varifocal tools continue to beset the performance capabilities and operating overhead of the optical systems that mobilize such *** varifocal tools that are the least burdensome to operate(*** crystal,elastomeric or optofluidic lenses)suffer from low(≈100 Hz)refresh ***,the fastest devices sacrifice either critical capabilities such as their dwelling capacity(*** gradient lenses or monolithic micromechanical mirrors)or low operating overhead(*** mirrors).Here,we present a general-purpose random-access axial focusing device that bridges these previously conflicting features of high speed,dwelling capacity and lightweight drive by employing lowrigidity micromirrors that exploit the robustness of defocusing phase ***,the device consists of an 8.2mm diameter array of piston-motion and 48-μm-pitch micromirror pixels that provide 2πphase shifting for wavelengths shorter than 1100 nm with 10-90% settling in 64.8μs(i.e.,15.44 kHz refresh rate).The pixels are electrically partitioned into 32 rings for a driving scheme that enables phase-wrapped operation with circular symmetry and requires<30 V per *** experiments demonstrated the array’s wide focusing range with a measured ability to target 29 distinct resolvable depth ***,the features of the proposed array offer the potential for compact,straightforward methods of tackling bottlenecked applications,including high-throughput single-cell targeting in neurobiology and the delivery of dense 3D visual information in AR/VR.

关键词： mirror axial random

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The connection between polymer collapse and the onset of jamming

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Grigas, Alex T. Fisher, Aliza Shattuck, Mark D. O’Hern, Corey S. Graduate Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Integrated Graduate Program in Physical and Engineering Biology Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Benjamin Levich Institute and Physics Department The City College of New York New YorkNY10031 United States Department of Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Applied Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States

Previous studies have shown that the interiors of proteins are densely packed, reaching packing fractions that are as large as those found for static packings of individual amino-acid-shaped particles. How can the interiors of proteins take on such high packing fractions given that amino acids are connected by peptide bonds and many amino acids are hydrophobic with attractive interactions? We investigate this question by comparing the structural and mechanical properties of collapsed attractive disk-shaped bead-spring polymers to those of three reference systems: static packings of repulsive disks, of attractive disks, and of repulsive disk-shaped bead-spring polymers. We show that attractive systems quenched to temperatures below the glass transition T Tg and static packings of both repulsive disks and bead-spring polymers possess similar interior packing fractions. Previous studies have shown that static packings of repulsive disks are isostatic at jamming onset, i.e. the number of contacts Nc matches the number of degrees of freedom, which strongly influences their mechanical properties. We find that repulsive polymers are hypostatic at jamming onset, but effectively isostatic when including quartic modes. While attractive disk and polymer packings are hyperstatic, we identify a definition for interparticle contacts for which they can also be considered as effectively isostatic. As a result, we show that the mechanical properties (e.g. scaling of the potential energy with excess contact number and low-frequency contribution to the density of vibrational modes) of weakly attractive disk and polymer packings are similar to those of isostatic repulsive disk and polymer packings. Our results demonstrate that static packings generated via attractive collapse or compression of repulsive particles possess similar structural and mechanical properties. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Amino acids

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