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Identifying Materials-Level Sources of Performance Variation in Superconducting Transmon Qubits

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Murthy, Akshay A. Bal, Mustafa Bedzyk, Michael J. Cansizoglu, Hilal Chan, Randall K. Chandrasekhar, Venkat Crisa, Francesco Datta, Amlan Deng, Yanpei Matute Diaz, Celeo D. Dravid, Vinayak P. Garcia-Wetten, David A. Garattoni, Sabrina Ghimire, Sunil Goronzy, Dominic P. de Graaf, Sebastian E. Haeuser, Sam Hersam, Mark C. Isheim, Dieter Joshi, Kamal Kim, Richard Kolachina, Saagar Kopas, Cameron J. Kramer, Matthew J. Lachman, Ella O. Lee, Jaeyel Lim, Peter G. Lunin, Andrei Mah, William Marshall, Jayss Mutus, Josh Y. Oh, Jin-Su Pappas, David P. Park, Joong-Mok Prozorov, Ruslan dos Reis, Roberto Seidman, David N. Sung, Zuhawn Tanatar, Makariy Walker, Mitchell J. Wang, Jigang Wu, Haotian Zhou, Lin Zhu, Shaojiang Grassellino, Anna Romanenko, Alexander BataviaIL60510 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Rigetti Computing BerkeleyCA94710 United States Ames National Laboratory AmesIA50011 United States Department of Physics & Astronomy Iowa State University AmesIA50011 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States The NUANCE Center Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States International Institute of Nanotechnology Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States National Physical Laboratory TeddingtonTW11 0LW United Kingdom Department of Chemistry Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Iowa State University AmesIA50011 United States

The Superconducting Materials and Systems (SQMS) Center, a DOE National Quantum Information Science Research Center, has conducted a comprehensive and coordinated study using superconducting transmon qubit chips with known performance metrics to identify the underlying materials-level sources of device-to-device performance variation. Following qubit coherence measurements, these qubits of varying base superconducting metals and substrates have been examined with various nondestructive and invasive material characterization techniques at Northwestern University, Ames National Laboratory, and Fermilab as part of a blind study. We find trends in variations of the depth of the etched substrate trench, the thickness of the surface oxide, and the geometry of the sidewall, which when combined, lead to correlations with the T1 lifetime across different devices. In addition, we provide a list of features that varied from device to device, for which the impact on performance requires further studies. Finally, we identify two low-temperature characterization techniques that may potentially serve as proxy tools for qubit measurements. These insights provide materials-oriented solutions to not only reduce performance variations across neighboring devices, but also to engineer and fabricate devices with optimal geometries to achieve performance metrics beyond the state-of-the-art values. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Qubits

Uncovering diffusive states of the yeast proton pump, Pma1, and how labeling method can change diffusive behavior

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Bailey, Mary Lou P. Pratt, Susan E. Zhang, Yongdeng Hinrichsen, Michael Bewersdorf, Joerg Regan, Lynne J. Mochrie, Simon G.J. Integrated Graduate Program in Physical and Engineering Biology Yale University New HavenCT06511 United States Department of Applied Physics Yale University New HavenCT06511 United States Department of Physics Yale University New HavenCT06511 United States Department of Cell Biology Yale University New HavenCT06511 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Yale University New HavenCT06511 United States Institute of Quantitative Biology Biochemistry and Biotechnology Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology School of Biological Sciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh06511 United Kingdom

We present and analyze video-microscopy-based single-particle-tracking measurements of the budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) membrane protein, Pma1, fluorescently-labeled either by direct fusion to the switchable fluorescent protein, mEos3.2, or by a novel, light-touch, labeling scheme, in which a 5 amino acid tag is directly fused to the C-terminus of Pma1, which then binds mEos3.2. The diffusivity distributions of these two populations of single particle tracks differ significantly, demonstrating that labeling method can be an important determinant of diffusive behavior. We also applied perturbation expectation maximization (pEMv2) [physical Review E 94, 052412 (2016)], which sorts trajectories into the statistically-optimum number of diffusive states. For both TRAP-labeled Pma1 and Pma1-mEos3.2, pEMv2 sorts the tracks into two diffusive states: an essentially immobile state and a more mobile state. However, the mobile fraction of Pma1-mEos3.2 tracks is much smaller (∼ 0.1) than the mobile fraction of TRAP-labeled Pma1 tracks (∼ 0.5). In addition, the diffusivity of Pma1-mEos3.2's mobile state is several times smaller than the diffusivity of TRAP-labeled Pma1's mobile state. To critically assess pEMv2's performance, we compare the diffusivity and covariance distributions of the experimental pEMv2-sorted populations to corresponding theoretical distributions, assuming that Pma1 displacements realize a Gaussian random process. The experiment-theory comparisons for both the TRAP-labeled Pma1 and Pma1-mEos3.2 reveal good agreement, bolstering the pEMv2 approach. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Diffusion

Artifact Removal in tACS-EEG Recordings: A Combined Methodology Based on the Empirical Wavelet Transform*

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Artifact Removal in tACS-EEG Recordings: A Combined Methodol...

Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Xuanteng Yan Marie-Hélène Boudrias Georgios D. Mitsis Graduate Program in Biological and Biomedical Engineering McGill University Montréal Canada School of Physical & Occupational Therapy McGill University Montréal Canada Department of Bioengineering McGill University Montréal Canada

ISBN: (数字)9781728119908

ISBN: (纸本)9781728119915

Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that modulates brain activity, which yields promise for achieving desired behavioral outcomes in different contexts. Combining tACS with electroencephalography (EEG) allows for the monitoring of the real-time effects of stimulation. However, the EEG signal recorded with simultaneous tACS is largely contaminated by stimulation-induced artifacts. In this work, we examine the combination of the empirical wavelet transform (EWT) with three blind source separation (BSS) methods: principal component analysis (PCA), multiset canonical correlation analysis (MCCA) and independent vector analysis (IVA), aiming to remove artifacts in tACS-contaminated EEG recordings. Using simulated data, we show that EWT followed by IVA achieves the best performance. Using experimental data, we show that BSS combined with EWT performs better compared to standard BSS methodology in terms of preserving useful information while eliminating artifacts.

关键词： Electroencephalography Tensile stress Principal component analysis Correlation Time series analysis Wavelet transforms

Low-Velocity-Favored Transition Radiation

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physical Review Letters 2023年第11期131卷 113002-113002页

作者： Jialin Chen Ruoxi Chen Fuyang Tay Zheng Gong Hao Hu Yi Yang Xinyan Zhang Chan Wang Ido Kaminer Hongsheng Chen Baile Zhang Xiao Lin Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China International Joint Innovation Center the Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Haining 314400 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore Department of Physics University of Hong Kong Hong Kong 999077 China Key Lab of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Jinhua 321099 China Shaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Shaoxing 312000 China Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore

When a charged particle penetrates through an optical interface, photon emissions emerge—a phenomenon known as transition radiation. Being paramount to fundamental physics, transition radiation has enabled many applications from high-energy particle identification to novel light sources. A rule of thumb in transition radiation is that the radiation intensity generally decreases with the decrease of particle velocity v; as a result, low-energy particles are not favored in practice. Here, we find that there exist situations where transition radiation from particles with extremely low velocities (e.g., v/c<10−3) exhibits comparable intensity as that from high-energy particles (e.g., v/c=0.999), where c is the light speed in free space. The comparable radiation intensity implies an extremely high photon extraction efficiency from low-energy particles, up to 8 orders of magnitude larger than that from high-energy particles. This exotic phenomenon of low-velocity-favored transition radiation originates from the interference of the excited Ferrell-Berreman modes in an ultrathin epsilon-near-zero slab. Our findings may provide a promising route toward the design of integrated light sources based on low-energy electrons and specialized detectors for beyond-standard-model particles.

关键词： Atom or molecule scattering from surfaces Atomic & molecular collisions Cherenkov radiation Crystal optics Electron beams & optics Light-matter interaction Optical sources & detectors Optical transient phenomena Plasmonics

Bridging particle deformability and collective response in soft solids

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physical Review Materials 2021年第5期5卷 055605-055605页

作者： John D. Treado Dong Wang Arman Boromand Michael P. Murrell Mark D. Shattuck Corey S. O'Hern Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Integrated Graduate Program in Physical and Engineering Biology Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Department of Physics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Systems Biology Institute Yale University West Haven Connecticut 06516 USA Benjamin Levich Institute and Physics Department The City College of New York New York New York 10031 USA Department of Applied Physics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA

Soft, amorphous solids such as tissues, foams, and emulsions are composed of deformable particles. However, the effect of single-particle deformability on the collective behavior of soft solids is still poorly understood. We perform numerical simulations of two-dimensional jammed packings of explicitly deformable particles to study the mechanical response of model soft solids. We find that jammed packings of deformable particles with excess shape degrees of freedom possess low-frequency quartic vibrational modes that stabilize the packings even though they possess fewer interparticle contacts than the nominal isostatic value. Adding intraparticle constraints can rigidify the particles, but these particles undergo a buckling transition and gain an effective shape degree of freedom when their preferred perimeter is above a threshold value. We find that the mechanical response of jammed packings of deformable particles with shape degrees of freedom differs significantly from that of jammed packings of rigid-shape particles, which emphasizes the importance of particle deformability in modeling soft solids.

关键词： Collective behavior Jamming Emulsions Foams Tissues Molecular dynamics

A Mechanized Pediatric Elbow Joint Powered by a De-Based Artificial Skeletal Muscle*

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A Mechanized Pediatric Elbow Joint Powered by a De-Based Art...

Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： A. Behboodi C. DeSantis J. Lubsen S.C.K. Lee Venture Development Center University of Delaware Newark DE USA Mechanical Engineering Department University of Delaware Newark DE USA Departments of Physical Therapy Biomedical Engineering and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Biomechanics and Movement Science University of Delaware Newark DE USA

ISBN: (数字)9781728119908

ISBN: (纸本)9781728119915

To increase the acceptability of exoskeletons, there is growing attention toward finding an alternative soft actuator that can safely perform at close vicinity of the human body. In this study, we investigated the capability of the dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs), for muscle-like actuation of rehabilitation robots. First, an artificial skeletal muscle was configured using commercially available stacked DEAs arranged in a 3×4 array of three parallel fibers consisting of four DEAs connected in series. The shortening and force generation capabilities of this artificial muscle were then measured. An alternate 3×5 version of this muscle was mounted on the forearm of an upper extremity phantom model to actuate its elbow joint. The actuation capability of this muscle was then tested under various tensile loads, 1 N to 4 N, placed at the center of mass of the forearm+hand of the phantom model. The active range of motion and angular velocity of the phantom model's tip of the hand were measured using a motion capture system. The 3×4 artificial muscle produced 30.47 N of force and 5.3 mm of maximum shortening. The 3×5 artificial muscle was capable of actuating the elbow flexion 19.5 o with 16.2 o /s angular velocity in the sagittal plane, under a 1 N tensile load. The active range of motion was substantially reduced as the tensile loads increased, which limits the capability of these muscles in the current upper extremity exoskeleton design.

关键词：

Cavity-mediated superthermal phonon correlations in the ultrastrong coupling regime

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Kim, Dasom Hou, Jin Lee, Geon Agrawal, Ayush Kim, Sunghwan Zhang, Hao Bao, Di Baydin, Andrey Wu, Wenjing Tay, Fuyang Huang, Shengxi Chia, Elbert E.M. Kim, Dai-Sik Seo, Minah Mohite, Aditya D. Hagenmüller, David Kono, Junichiro Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley–Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Sensor System Research Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul02792 Korea Republic of Department of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice University Houston77005 United States Ulsan44919 Korea Republic of Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore637371 Singapore Smalley–Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Rice Advanced Materials Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States KU–KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University Seoul02841 Korea Republic of Université de Strasbourg CNRS Strasbourg67200 France Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States

Phonons, or vibrational quanta, are behind some of the most fundamental physical phenomena in solids, including superconductivity, Raman processes, and broken-symmetry phases. It is therefore of fundamental importance to find ways to harness phonons for controlling these phenomena and developing novel quantum technologies. However, the majority of current phonon control techniques rely on the use of intense external driving fields or strong anharmonicities, which restricts their range of applications. Here, we present a scheme for controlling the intensity fluctuations in phonon emission at room temperature based on multimode ultrastrong light–matter coupling. The multimode ultrastrong coupling regime is achieved by coupling two optical phonon modes in lead halide perovskites to an array of nanoslots, which operates as a single-mode cavity. The extremely small mode volume of the nanoslots enables unprecedented coupling strengths in a cavity phonon-polariton system. In the far-detuned, low-cavity-frequency regime, we demonstrate that the nanoslot resonator mediates an effective coupling between the phonon modes, resulting in superthermal phonon bunching in thermal equilibrium, both within the same mode and between different modes. Experimental results are in good agreement with a multimode Hopfield model. Our work paves the way for the tailoring of phonons to modify charge and energy transport in perovskite materials, with potential applications in light-collecting or emitting devices. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Perovskite

Observation of current-induced switching in non-collinear antiferromagnetic IrMn3 by differential voltage measurements

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Arpaci, Sevdenur Lopez-Dominguez, Victor Shi, Jiacheng Sánchez-Tejerina, Luis Garesci, Francesca Wang, Chulin Yan, Xueting Sangwan, Vinod K. Grayson, Matthew Hersam, Mark C. Finocchio, Giovanni Amiri, Pedram Khalili Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Graduate Program in Applied Physics Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Mathematical and Computer Sciences Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences University of Messina Messina98166 Italy Department of Engineering University of Messina Messina98166 Italy Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Chemistry Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States

There is accelerating interest in developing memory devices using antiferromagnetic (AFM) materials, motivated by the possibility for electrically controlling AFM order via spin-orbit torques, and its read-out via magnetoresistive effects. Recent studies have shown, however, that high current densities create non-magnetic contributions to resistive switching signals in AFM/heavy metal (AFM/HM) bilayers, complicating their interpretation. Here we introduce an experimental protocol to unambiguously distinguish current-induced magnetic and nonmagnetic switching signals in AFM/HM structures, and demonstrate it in IrMn3/Pt devices. A six-terminal double-cross device is constructed, with an IrMn3 pillar placed on one cross. The differential voltage is measured between the two crosses with and without IrMn3 after each switching attempt. For a wide range of current densities, reversible switching is observed only when write currents pass through the cross with the IrMn3 pillar, eliminating any possibility of non-magnetic switching artifacts. Micromagnetic simulations support our findings, indicating a complex domain-mediated switching process. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Binary alloys

Perovskite-transition metal dichalcogenides heterostructures: recent advances and future perspectives

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Opto-Electronic Science 2022年第8期1卷 1-40页

作者： Ahmed Elbanna Ksenia Chaykun Yulia Lekina Yuanda Liu Benny Febriansyah Shuzhou Li Jisheng Pan Ze Xiang Shen Jinghua Teng Institute of Materials Research and Engineering Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)2 Fusionopolis WaySingapore 138634Singapore Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 637371Singapore Interdisciplinary Graduate Program Energy Research Institute@NTUNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639798Singapore The Photonics Institute and Center for Disruptive Photonic Technologies Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639798 Singapore School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639798Singapore Berkeley Educational Alliance for Research in Singapore(BEARS) Ltd.1 CREATE WaySingapore 138602Singapore.

Transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)and perovskites are among the most attractive and widely investigated semiconductors in the recent *** are promising materials for various applications,such as photodetection,solar energy harvesting,light emission,and many *** these materials to form heterostructures can enrich the already fascinating properties and bring up new phenomena and *** in this field is growing rapidly in both fundamental studies and device ***,we review the recent findings in the perovskite-TMD heterostructures and give our perspectives on the future development of this promising *** fundamental properties of the perovskites,TMDs,and their heterostructures are discussed first,followed by a summary of the synthesis methods of the perovskites and TMDs and the approaches to obtain high-quality *** attention is paid to the TMD-perovskite heterostructures that have been applied in solar cells and photodetectors with notable performance *** through our analysis,we propose an outline on further fundamental studies and the promising applications of perovskite-TMD heterostructures.

关键词： transition metal dichalcogenides perovskites heterostructures photodetectors solar cells 2D materials