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Production and characterization of fuel briquettes from banana leaves waste

Chemical engineering Transactions 2014年 37卷 439-444页

作者： De Oliveira Maia, Bianca G. Souza, Ozair Marangoni, Cintia Hotza, Dachamir De Oliveira, Antonio Pedro N. Sellin, Noeli Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering - PGMAT Federal University of Santa Catarina 88040 900 Florianópolis-SC Brazil Masters in Process Engineering University of Joinville Region - UNIVILLE 89219 710 Joinville-SC Brazil

The use of agricultural and agro-industrial waste as biomass fuel for power generation like briquettes can be an alternative solution to the problems related at their disposal. Briquettes produced from lignocellulosic waste, through a simple process and low cost are an excellent source of cheap energy and environmentally correct, in many cases, ideal for replacing fossil fuels in use today, with significant economic and environmental advantages. The banana cultivation generates a significant amount of waste, but little used, it would be important to add value to them. In this work banana semi-dried leaves were crushed to particles with sizes between 2 and 5 mm and its moisture content was determined. The briquettes were produced in a hydraulic press with compaction pressure of 18 MPa and two different compression times and were evaluated by proximate and ultimate chemical analysis, high heating value (HHV), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), linear shrinkage, mechanical compressive strength, bulk and energy density. Briquettes presented moisture content of 7.2 %, high contents of carbon (44.3 %) and volatile matter (75.3 %), low sulphur and nitrogen contents and HHV of 17.7 MJ/kg. These results are similar for other biomass used to produce briquettes. Under combustion in TGA and DTA analysis, the briquettes showed high loss mass and maximum energy release between 200 and 500 °C. The mechanical compressive strength for 1 second compression was 5.3 MPa and the briquettes density was 0.99 g/cm3. The thermal properties and physicochemical characteristics of the banana leaves briquettes demonstrate its potential for use as biomass fuel. Copyright © 2014,AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.

关键词： Compressive strength

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Abstracts from Hydrocephalus 2016 Abstracts

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FLUIDS AND BARRIERS OF THE CNS 2017年第SUPPL 1期14卷 1-21页

作者： [Anonymous] Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA. Department of Neurosurgery Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA. Johns Hopkins Biostatistics Center Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD USA. Department of Neurosurgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA. Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare Dhahran Saudi Arabia. Johns Hopkins Hopkins Aramco Healthcare Dhahran Saudi Arabia. Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare Ras Tanura Saudi Arabia. Primary Care Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare Ras Tanura Saudi Arabia. Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA. Department of Neurosurgery Rhode Island Hospital Providence RI USA. Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD USA. The Interface Group Institute of PhysiologyUniversity of Zurich Zurich Switzerland. Institute of Physiology University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland. Neuroscience Center Zurich and the Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland. BioFlowImage Laboratory University of Picardie Jules Verne Amiens France. Reims Mathematics Laboratory University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne Reims France. Image Processing Laboratory University Hospital of Amiens-Picardie Amiens France. BioFlowImage Laboratory Department of Medical Image Processing University Hospital of Picardie Jules Verne Amiens France. Department of Geriatric University Hospital of Toulouse Toulouse France. Departments of Geriatric University Hospital of Toulouse Toulouse France. Department of Geriatry University Hospital Toulouse Toulouse France. Neurosciences department University of Cambridge Cambridge UK. Brain Physics Lab Academic Neurosurgery University of Cambridge Cambridge UK. Department of Nuclear Medicine University Hospital of Toulouse Toulouse France. Department of Nuclear Medicine University Hospit

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SAPF with two Dc-links and series converters feeding OEW transformers for 3P4W systems

SAPF with two Dc-links and series converters feeding OEW tra...

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Annual Conference of Industrial Electronics Society

作者： Gregory A. de A. Carlos Cursino B. Jacobina Euzeli C. dos Santos Department of Control and Industrial Process Federal Institute of Alagoas (IFAL) Palmeira dos Índios - 57601-220 - Alagoas - Brazil Post-Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering - PPgEE - Copele Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG) Campina Grande Paraíba Brazil Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue School of Engineering and Technology (IUPUI) Indiana USA

This paper presents a shunt active power filter (SAPF) topology, based on the concept of a transformer with open-end winding (OEW), for reactive power and harmonic compensations employed in three-phase four wire (3P4W) systems under balanced and unbalanced conditions. The proposed system uses two independent dc-links and two independent converters series connected through transformers. Complete system control, including PWM technique, is developed and a comparison between the proposed SAPF and conventional one is presented as well. Simulation and experimental results are provided to validate the theoretical approach.

关键词： Topology Pulse width modulation Capacitors Voltage control Optimization Harmonic analysis Power system harmonics

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Investigation on Dynamic Voltage Restorers With Two DC-Links and Series Converters for Three-Phase Four-Wire Systems

Investigation on Dynamic Voltage Restorers With Two DC-Links...

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IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition

作者： Gregory A. A. Carlos Cursino B. Jacobina Euzeli C. dos Santos Department of Control and Industrial Process Federal Institute of Alagoas (IFAL) Palmeira dos Indios - 57601-220 - Alagoas - Brazil Post-Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering - PPgEE - Copele Department of Electrical Engineering Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG) Campina Grande - 58429-900 - Paraiba - Brazil Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue School of Engineering and Technology (IUPI) Indianapolis - 46202-5160 - Indiana - USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479957774

This paper proposes three dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) topologies. Such configurations are able to compensate voltage sags/swells in three-phase four-wire (3P4W) systems under balanced and unbalanced conditions. The proposed systems in this work use two independent dc-links. The complete control system, including the PWM technique, is developed and comparisons between the proposed configurations and a conventional one are performed. Simulation and experimental results are provided to validate the theoretical approach.

关键词： Vectors Topology Pulse width modulation Switches Inverters Capacitors Insulated gate bipolar transistors

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Characteristic Behaviors in Compressive Strength of Two-Dimensional Aggregates

Characteristic Behaviors in Compressive Strength of Two-Dime...

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2013 Asian Pacific Conference on Chemical,Material and Metallurgical engineering(APCCMME 2013)

作者： Sarunya Promkotra Tawiwan Kangsadan Department of Geotechnology Faculty of Technology Khon Kaen University Chemical and Process Engineering Program Department of Mechanical and Process EngineeringThe Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS) King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB)

A selected material, polystyrene microsphere series, is created as a building block of two-dimensional(2D) aggregates to examine scaling behaviors of the compressive stress condition. The 2D aggregated clusters are confined between the two cantilevers of 30 micron in diameter. These cantilevers can slide and force the aggregates move in the lateral direction. The compressive yield stress is directly measured during experiments by quantitative image analysis on the optical microscope. Locations of polystyrene aggregates are traced by Discrete Element Method(DEM), computer simulation. The 2D mechanical properties are examined for the particle size scaling behaviors as a function of particle area fraction and the average particle coordination number. The larger the particle size, the greater the modulus and the yield stress.

关键词： Compressive strength 2D aggregation colloids discrete element method(DEM)

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Shunt Active Power Filter With Open-End Winding Transformer and Series Connected Converters

Shunt Active Power Filter With Open-End Winding Transformer ...

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IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition

作者： G. A. de A. Carlos C. B. Jacobina E. C. dos Santos E. L. L. Fabricio N. Rocha Department of Control and Industrial Process Federal Institute of Alagoas (IFAL) Post-Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering - PPgEE - COPELE Department of Electrical Engineering Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG) Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue School of Engineering and Technology (IUPI) Department of Electrical Engineering Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB)

ISBN: (纸本)9781479903375

This paper presents a shunt active power filter based on the concept of open-end winding (OEW) transformers. The proposed configuration is constituted of two converters with three legs each series connected throughout a three-phase OEW transformer. Model PWM strategy and control scheme are presented as well. The main advantage of the proposed system lies on the multi-level waveform generation, which allows reduction of either harmonic distortions or switching losses. This proposed topology is suitable for medium voltage (MV) distribution systems. Simulation and experimental results validate the theoretical study.

关键词： OEW multi-level MV active power filter Transformer power filters multilayers Converters winding (process) shunt Shunts (electrical) Multiple Virtual Storage Theoretical Study

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Residence-Time Measurements in a Single-Drop Cell with Kühni Compartments

Residence-Time Measurements in a Single-Drop Cell with Kühn...

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2012 4th International Conference on Chemical,Biological and Environmental engineering

作者： Anoma Chutrapukdeekul Florian Buchbender Tawiwan Kangsadan Andreas Pfennig Chemical and Process Engineering Program The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of EngineeringKing Mongkut’s University of Technology North BangkokBangkok 10800Thailand Institute of Thermal Process Engineering RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen 52062Germany

Extraction columns with rotating internals,such as the Kühni extractor,are used *** the separation of biogenic liquid-liquid *** this type of extractor,compartments with impellers are placed one above the other in the *** important parameter in column design is the residence time of the drops inside the individual *** residence time,however,is strongly influenced by the compartment geometry and the operating ***,in this work the influence of the impeller diameter and compartment height were investigated for different drop diameters and rotor *** measurements of the drops residence time for toluene (d) + water (c) system were carried out in a single-drop lab-scale cell at AVT - Thermal process engineering,RWTH Aachen *** results for the discrimination of the compartment-geometry influence showed that using a bigger impeller diameter and lower compartment height leads to higher drop residence times.A very pronounced influence on the drops residence time can be found for small drop diameters.

关键词： Residence time,Single drop,Kühni compartments,Solvent extraction

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Conventional Homogeneous Catalytic process with Continuous-typed Microwave and Mechanical Stirrer for Biodiesel Production from Palm Stearin

Conventional Homogeneous Catalytic Process with Continuous-t...

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2012 4th International Conference on Chemical,Biological and Environmental engineering

作者： Wilaiporn Garnwitayee Tawiwan Kangsadan Suramate Chalermwisutkul Chemical and Process Engineering Program The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of EngineeringKing Mongkut’s University of Technology North BangkokBangkok10800Thailand Communications Engineering Program The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of EngineeringKing Mongkut’s University of Technology North BangkokBangkok10800Thailand

In this study,biodiesel production from palm stearin was carried out by applying a mechanical stirrer and using continuous-typed microwave as a heating *** of palm stearin with methanol in the presence of 0.5 wt% NaOH catalyst was *** aims of the study are to determine optimal radiation time and optimal methanol to oil molar *** yield and purity were obtained to compare with the previous work without the *** experiments were carried out at 60 oC of reaction temperature,0.15 W/g of palm stearin and 600 rpm of mixing speed at various radiation times of 40,50,60,80,120 *** different methanol to oil molar ratios of 5:1,6:1 and 7:1 were investigated after obtaining optimal radiation *** results found that radiation time of 50 s and methanol to oil molar ratio of 7:1 were optimum for biodiesel production from palm *** yield and purity obtaining from these conditions were 97.5% and 98.33%,*** fuel properties of stearin biodiesel were determined according to biodiesel standards (ASTM D 6751 and EN 14214).

关键词： Biodiesel,Transesterification,Palm stearin,Microwave irradiation.

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Influence of pipe roughness on the performance of ultrasonic meters for flow rate measurement

Influence of pipe roughness on the performance of ultrasonic...

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ASME 2011 International Mechanical engineering Congress and Exposition, IMECE 2011

作者： De Faro Orlando, Alcir Ferreira, Ana Luisa Pinheiro, José Alberto Mechanical Engineering Department - DEM Pos Graduate Program in Metrology - PosMQI Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil Pipelines and Terminal Technology PETROBRAS TRANSPORTE S.A. - Transpetro Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil E and P Fluid Process and Metering PETROBRAS S.A. Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9780791854921

Ultrasonic flow meters have been recently used for flowb rate measurement because they are a non-intrusive device and have the capability of making diagnostics of their performance and flow field distortion between two consecutive calibrations. The available completely developed flow velocity profiles in the literature is discussed in this paper and integrated along the meter ultrasonic path to simulate its performance. It was shown that for Reynolds number up to 1,000,000 and relatively roughness values smaller than Ε = 0.00012 the flow is in the hydraulically smooth regime. Also, it was shown that the ratio between the area velocity and the average path velocity (kh) decreases close to centerline and increases close to the wall, when roughness increases. Copyright © 2011 by ASME.

关键词： Flow velocity

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Evaluations on thermal runaway characteristics for three liquid organic peroxides

Evaluations on thermal runaway characteristics for three liq...

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爆炸科学与技术国家重点实验室2011年学术年会暨International Workshop on Intensive Loading and Its Effects

作者： Chi(M)(i)(n)Shu Yung(Ch)an Chu Process Safety and Disaster Prevention Laboratory Department of SafetyHealthand Environmental EngineeringNYUST123University Rd.Sec.3DouliouYunlinTaiwan 64002ROC Doctoral ProgramGraduate School of Engineering Science and TechnologyNational Yunlin University of Science and Technology (NYUST)123University Rd.Sec.3DouliouYunlinTaiwan 64002ROC

In virtue of operating improperly, many exigent accidents of chemical industries are emerged frequently.1, l-Di-(tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane (TMCH), 1,1-di (tert-butylperoxy) cyclohexane (BPCH) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) are commonly well-known as thermal instability materials which were used as hardening and curing *** aim was to evaluate the safety operating parameters which play an important role in reaction *** this study, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was applied to measure the heat of decomposition reactions, which can contribute to understanding the reaction characteristics of those *** sizing package 2 (VSP2) was employed to evaluate rates of increase for temperature and pressure in decomposition reactions, and then the thermokinetic parameters of three organic peroxides were *** last, Semenov's model derived to criticality characteristics of various stirring rate situation were clearly identified.

关键词： Criticality characteristics organic peroxides thermal instability thermokinetic parameters vent sizing package 2 (VSP2)

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