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Carbon nanostructure field emission devices

Journal of Vacuum science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures 2006年第2期24卷 1008-1012页

作者： Wong, Y.M. Kang, W.P. Davidson, J.L. Soh, K.L. Choi, B.K. Hofmeister, W. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Material Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 Department of Chemical Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235

The microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) method is capable of synthesizing various forms of carbon allotropes such as diamond, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and diamondlike carbon (DLC) while varying the growth parameters or utilizing substrate coated with catalytic thin film. In this article, needlelike carbon nanostructures (CNs) were synthesized utilizing high power (5 kW) and high working pressure (120 Torr) MPCVD on a thin catalytic film of nickel with a diffusion barrier layer of titanium on a micropatterned silicon substrate. The effects of in situ doping by trimethylboron (TMB) on the morphologies and field emission properties of the CNs were also investigated. Straight, needlelike CNs with random orientation were obtained for 15 min growth time with or without TMB doping. However, the CNs appear to transform into diamondlike nanocrystals after prolonged growth of 30 min with TMB doping. Unlike MPCVD grown CNTs, it was found that the CNs have strong adhesion to the substrate and could withstand postgrowth processing such as ultrasonic agitation cleaning in solvents. Field emission tests performed show that in situ TMB doping of the patterned needlelike CNs lowers the turn-on field of the cathode. A vacuum field emission triode with self-aligned gate utilizing CNs as the field emitter is also fabricated. © 2006 American Vacuum Society.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes

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Waters network's potential to transform environmental engineering education

Waters network's potential to transform environmental engine...

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114th Annual ASEE Conference and Exposition, 2007

作者： Eschenbach, Elizabeth Montgomery, Jami Johnson, James Brus, Chris Carlson, Patricia Giammar, Dan Grauer, Bette Hotaling, Liesl Oguntimein, Gbekeloluwa Safferman, Steven Wentling, Tim Humboldt State University United States Department of Environmental Resources Engineering Humboldt State University United States WATERS Network - CLEANER Project Office Network Howard University United States Department of Environmental Engineering College of Engineering Architecture and Computer Sciences Howard University United States American Academy of Environmental Engineers United States University of Iowa United States Program University of Iowa United States Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology United States Department of Rhetoric Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology United States National Research Council U. S. Air Force United States NASA's Classroom of the Future Wheeling WV United States Washington University United States Department of Energy Environmental and Chemical Engineering Washington University St. Louis United States Environmental Studies Program Center for Materials Innovation United States McPherson High School United States McPherson High School McPherson KS United States Stevens Institute of Technology United States Stevens Institute of Technology United States Morgan State University United States Michigan State University United States Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Department Michigan State University United States University of Dayton United States Education Planning Committee National Center for Supercomputing Applications United States Department of Information Science Graduate School of Library and Information Science National Center for Supercomputing Applications University or Illinois United States Knowledge and Learning Systems Group NCSA United States

The WATERS Network (WATer and Environmental Research Systems Network) will be an integrated real-time distributed observing system which will enable academic and government scientists, engineers, educators, and practitioners to advance effective management of our nation's water resources by understanding human interactions with water and the natural and built environment. WATERS will provide easily accessible real time environmental data as well as analysis tools to engineers, scientists, educators, K- graduate students and policymakers so they can better understand how water quantity, quality and related components of the hydrologic cycle are impacted by natural and human influences. The WATERS strategic plan will be completed by July 2007 and requires constituent input. This paper describes the draft Conceptual Design and the Education Plan of WATERS Network. This paper will highlight the potential impact of WATERS on undergraduate and graduate environmental engineering education in order to elicit input from the environmental engineering education community on how WATERS Network could better meet the future needs of undergraduate and graduate students and educators. More information can be found at ***. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2007.

关键词： Water resources

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GA optimization of OBF TS fuzzy models with linear and non linear local models

GA optimization of OBF TS fuzzy models with linear and non l...

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9th Brazilian Symposium on Neural Networks, SBRN'06

作者： Medeiros, Anderson V. Amaral, Wagner C. Campello, Ricardo J. G. B. State University of Campinas School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Campinas SP 13083-970 Brazil Catholic University of Santos Graduate Program in Computer Science Santos SP 11070-906 Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)0769526802

OBF (Orthonormal Basis Function) Fuzzy models have shown to be a promising approach to the areas of nonlinear system identification and control since they exhibit several advantages over those dynamic model topologies usually adopted in the literature. Although encouraging application results have been obtained, no automatic procedure had yet been developed to optimize the design parameters of these models. This paper elaborates on the use of a genetic algorithm (GA) especially designed for this task, in which a fitness function based on the Akaike information criterion plays a key role by considering both model accuracy and parsimony aspects. The use of linear (actually affine) and nonlinear local models is also investigated. The proposed methodology is evaluated in the modeling of a real nonlinear magnetic levitation system. © 2006 IEEE.

关键词： Fuzzy sets

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Genetic programming with incremental learning for grammatical inference

Genetic programming with incremental learning for grammatica...

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6th International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems and 4th Conference on Neuro-Computing and Evolving Intelligence, HIS-NCEI 2006

作者： Rodrigues, Ernesto Lopes, Heitor Silvério Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Federal University of Technology - Paraná Av. 7 de setembro 3165 80230-901 Curitiba Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)0769526624

We present an evolutionary algorithm for the inference of context-free grammars from positive and negative examples. The algorithm is based on genetic programming and uses a local optimization operator that is capable of improving the learning task. Ordinary genetic operators are modified so as to bias the search. The system was evaluated using Tomita 's language examples and results were compared with another similar approach. Results show that the proposed approach is promising and more robust than the other one. © 2006 IEEE.

关键词： Context free grammars

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Multiagent-based model integration

Multiagent-based model integration

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2006 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology

作者： De Paula, Ana Carolina M. Pilatti Ávila, Bráulio C. Scalabrin, Edson Enembreck, Fabrício Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná - PUCPR Graduate Program in Applied Computer Science - PPGIA Rua Imaculada Conceicao 1155 CEP 80.215-901 Curitiba PR Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)0769527493

This paper presents a Distributed Data Mining technique based on a multiagent environment, called SMAMDD (MultiAgent System for Distributed Data Mining), which uses model integration. Model Integration consists in the amalgamation of local models into a global, consistent one. In each subset, agents perform mining tasks locally and, afterwards, results are merged into a global model. In order to achieve that, agents cooperate by exchanging messages, aiming to improve the process of knowledge discover generating accurate results. The multiagent system for Distributed Data Mining proposed in this paper has been compared with classical machine learning algorithms which are based on model integration as well, simulating a distributed environment. The results obtained show that SMAMDD can produce highly accurate data models. © 2006 IEEE.

关键词： Multi agent systems

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Learning to parse bilingual sentences using bilingual corpus and monolingual CFG

Learning to parse bilingual sentences using bilingual corpus...

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18th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing, ROCLING 2006

作者： Huang, Chung-Chi Chang, Jason S. Dept. of Information Systems and Application Taiwan International Graduate Program National Tsing Hua University Hsin Chu Taiwan Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Nankang Taiwan Dept. of Computer Science National Tsing Hua University Hsin Chu Taiwan

We present a new method for learning to parse a bilingual sentence using Inversion Transduction Grammar trained on a parallel corpus and a monolingual treebank. The method produces a parse tree for a bilingual sentence, showing the shared syntactic structures of individual sentence and the differences of word order within a syntactic structure. The method involves estimating lexical translation probability based on a word-aligning strategy and inferring probabilities for CFG rules. At runtime, a bottom-up CYK-styled parser is employed to construct the most probable bilingual parse tree for any given sentence pair. We also describe an implementation of the proposed method. The experimental results indicate the proposed model produces word alignments better than those produced by Giza++, a state-of-the-art word alignment system, in terms of alignment error rate and F-measure. The bilingual parse trees produced for the parallel corpus can be exploited to extract bilingual phrases and train a decoder for statistical machine translation.

关键词： Forestry

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An Integrated Model of Top-Down and Bottom-Up Attention for Optimizing Detection Speed

An Integrated Model of Top-Down and Bottom-Up Attention for ...

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Conference on computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

作者： V. Navalpakkam L. Itti Department of Computer Science Neuroscience Graduate Program University of Southern California USA

Integration of goal-driven, top-down attention and image-driven, bottom-up attention is crucial for visual search. Yet, previous research has mostly focused on models that are purely top-down or bottom-up. Here, we propose a new model that combines both. The bottom-up component computes the visual salience of scene locations in different feature maps extracted at multiple spatial scales. The topdown component uses accumulated statistical knowledge of the visual features of the desired search target and background clutter, to optimally tune the bottom-up maps such that target detection speed is maximized. Testing on 750 artificial and natural scenes shows that the model’s predictions are consistent with a large body of available literature on human psychophysics of visual search. These results suggest that our model may provide good approximation of how humans combine bottom-up and top-down cues such as to optimize target detection speed.

关键词： Object detection Layout Biological system modeling Humans Face detection Acceleration Robots Navigation Surveillance computer science

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Detecting low complexity clusters by skewness and kurtosis in data stream clustering

Detecting low complexity clusters by skewness and kurtosis i...

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9th International Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Mathematics, ISAIM 2006

作者： Song, Mingzhou Wang, Hongbin Department of Computer Science New Mexico State University MSC CS P.O. Box 30001 Las Cruces NM 88003 United States Ph.D. Program in Computer Science Graduate Center City University of New York New York NY 10016 United States

Established statistical representations of data clusters employ up to second order statistics including mean, variance, and covariance. Strategies for merging clusters have been largely based on intra-and inter-cluster distance measures. The distance concept allows an intuitive interpretation, but it is not designed to merge from the viewpoint of probability distributions. We suggest an alternative strategy to compare clusters based on higher order statistics to capture the underlying probability distributions. Higher order statistics, such as multivariate skewness and kurtosis, enable a more accurate description of the shape of a cluster. Although the original definitions of kurtosis and skewness do require simultaneous involvement of all data points, our finding shows that their estimation can be decomposed into combinations of the cross moments of subsets of data. This decomposable property makes it possible to apply skewness and kurtosis to data stream clustering, where historical data are not accessible. We utilize tests for normality based on skewness and kurtosis to discover cluster pairs that can be merged to produce a less complex normal cluster even if they have different means or covariance structures.

关键词： Higher order statistics

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Multiagent-Based Model Integration

Multiagent-Based Model Integration

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Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology Workshops (WI-IAT)

作者： Ana Carolina M. Pilatti De Paula Braulio C. Avila Edson Scalabrin Fabricio Enembreck Graduate Program in Applied Computer Science-PPGIA Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná Curitiba Parana Brazil

This paper presents a distributed data mining technique based on a multiagent environment, called SMAMDD (multiagent system for distributed data mining), which uses model integration. Model integration consists in the amalgamation of local models into a global, consistent one. In each subset, agents perform mining tasks locally and, afterwards, results are merged into a global model. In order to achieve that, agents cooperate by exchanging messages, aiming to improve the process of knowledge discover generating accurate results. The multiagent system for distributed data mining proposed in this paper has been compared with classical machine learning algorithms which are based on model integration as well, simulating a distributed environment. The results obtained show that SMAMDD can produce highly accurate data models

关键词： Distributed decision making Data mining Multiagent systems Machine learning algorithms Internet Distributed databases Intelligent agent computer science Computational modeling Data models

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Genetic programming with Incremental Learning for Grammatical Inference

Genetic Programming with Incremental Learning for Grammatica...

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International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems (HIS)

作者： Ernesto Rodrigues Heitor Silverio Lopes Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Federal University of Technology of Paraná (UTFPR) Curitiba Brazil

We present an evolutionary algorithm for the inference of context-free grammars from positive and negative examples. The algorithm is based on genetic programming and uses a local optimization operator that is capable of improving the learning task. Ordinary genetic operators are modified so as to bias the search. The system was evaluated using Tomitas language examples and results were compared with another similar approach. Results show that the proposed approach is promising and more robust than the other one.

关键词： Grammar Production Genetic programming Sociology Statistics Inference algorithms

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