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society 1984年第3期21卷 4-12页

作者： Mosher, Steven W. Diamond, Norma Doverspike, Dennis Simmons, Donald C. Siegelman, Philip Adelson, Joseph Berger, Peter L. Mechanic, David Van Ness, Peter Schwartz, Harry Horowitz, Irving Louis Kochman, Thomas Willems, David Schoijet, Mauricio Rothman, Stanley Basu, Asoke Lipset, Seymour Martin Rose, Richard Fresno Department of Anthropology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Department of Psychology University of Nebraska USA Waterbury Department of Political Science San Francisco State University USA The Psychological Clinic University of Michigan Ann Arbor Boston University USA Faculty of Arts and Sciences Rutgers The State University USA Graduate School of International Studies University of Denver USA Scarsdale Department of Sociology Rutgers The State University USA Department of Communication University of Illinois Chicago Program in Science Technology and Society Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Department of Government Smith College Northampton Department of Sociology and Social Services California State University Hayward Stanford University Stanford Centre for the Study of Public Policy University of Strathclyde Glasgow Scotland

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FUTURE PROPULSION MACHINERY technology FOR GAS-TURBINE POWERED FRIGATES, DESTROYERS, AND CRUISERS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第2期96卷 34-46页

作者： BASKERVILLE, JE QUANDT, ER DONOVAN, MR USN The Authors Commander James E. Baskerville USNis presently assigned to Naval Sea Systems Command (NA VSEA) as the Ship Design Manager for the DDG 51 the Navy's next generation surface combatant. A graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy Class of 1969 he is a qualified Surface Warfare Officer and designated Engineering Duty Officer (ED). He received his M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering and his professional degree of Ocean Engineer from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and holds a patent right on an Electronic Control and Response System. His naval assignments include tours in USSRamsey (FFG-2) Aide and Flag Lieutenant to the Commander Naval Electronic Systems Command and Ship Superintendent Surface Type Desk Officer and Assistant Design Superintendent at NA VSHIPYD Pearl Harbor. He was awarded the Meritorious Service Medal for distinguished performance at Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard. As an author he has contributed articles to the ASNEJournaland given presentations at local sections on ship design the use of innovative technology in ship repair and maintenance and the costs and risks associated with engineering progress. Commander Baskerville is a registered Professional Engineer in the State of Virginia an adjunct professor teaching marine engineering at Virginia Tech. and in addition to ASNE which he joined in 1975 is a member of SNAME Tau Beta Pi Sigma Xi ASME and the American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). Dr. Earl R. Quandt:received his degree of Chemical Engineer from the University of Cincinnati in 1956 and his Ph.D. degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of Pittsburgh in 1961. He worked in the naval reactors program at the Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory from 1956 to 1963. Since that time he has been with David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center Annapolis Maryland where he is Head of the Power Systems Division. He contributed to this paper while on a one year assignment to the U.S. Naval Academy as V

A turning point occurred in naval engineering in 1972 when the U.S. N avy chose to use marine gas turbines for the propulsion of its new SPRUANCE and PERRY Class ships. This paper reviews the more than twenty years of experience with turbine technology and its design integration into combat ships needed to make that decision. It is concluded that the availability of a good second generation aircraft derivative engine with proven reliability and a strong commercial base, i.e., the LM-2500, was as important to the decision as was the predicted improved ship effectiveness and cost benefits. This paper discusses improvements that can be made to the twin engine, single gear, single propeller shaft system. Focusing only on this mechanical transmission concept, it addresses the impact of possible improvements to the engine, gear, and shafting. In particular, the paper discusses current LM-2500 related R&D efforts to: (a) obtain improved part-power fuel rates, (b) integrate with a reversing reduction gear, and (c) add on a waste heat recovery steam cycle. Looking ahead to the year 2000, this paper suggests that a successor to the ubiquitous LM-2500 will appear in the 15 MW power range to provide the next step in the evolution of the twin engine package. This new naval engine will most likely be based on an aircraft core that exists at present, such that it will have demonstrated its reliability and commercial potential through many hours of testing prior to its mid-1990 marine conversion. This new engine is expected to offer improved air flow, an excellent fuel rate (approaching a flat 0.30 LB/HP-HR), and effective maintenance monitoring, all at some expense in size, weight, and cost. The year 2000 engine will burn a liquid hydrocarbon fuel similar to JP-5 because of its aircraft origins. Combined with advances in gear and shafting technology, the full twin engine propulsion system of the year 2000 should be markedly lighter, smaller, and more efficient than today's units.

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RETROFITTING OF BULBOUS BOWS ON UNITED-STATES NAVY AUXILIARY AND AMPHIBIOUS WARSHIPS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第6期96卷 40-51页

作者： CHUN, SK HOUGH, JJ ENGLE, AH FUNG, SC Stephen K. Chunis a graduate of the Maritime College of the State University of New York class of 1981 from which he received a B.E. degree in naval architecture and his license as a Third Assistant Engineer from the U.S. Coast Guard. Since graduation he has worked for the U.S. Navy as a naval architect with the Hull Form and Hydrodynamics Performance Division (SEA 55W3) of the Naval Sea Systems Command. Currently he is the task leader for hydrodynamic design for the DDG-51. He is also responsible for bulbous bow and appendage design for surf ace ships. Mr. Chun is a member of ASNE SNAME and ASE. Jeffrey J. Hough:is currently a naval architect with the Hull Form and Hydrodynamic Performance Division (SEA 55VV3) of the Naval Sea Systems Command (NA VSEA). In his current capacity he is a member of the Surface Ship Hydrodynamics Branch and is the divisional coordinator for computer supported design (CSD) technical director for the hull form design system (HFDS) Hull Engineering Group (SEA 55) assistant coordinator for CSD SEA 55 CSD coordinator for the DDG-51 contract design and SEA 55W3 project engineer for aircraft carrier/aviation support ship hydrodynamics. Mr. Hough received his B.S.E. degree in naval architecture and marine engineering in 1978 and his M.S.E. degree in naval architecture and marine engineering in 1979 from the University of Michigan. He began his career with the U.S. Navy in 1979 as an Engineer-in-Training in the Ship Design and Integration Directorate of NAVSEA. Prior to his current assignment Mr. Hough was the technical director responsible for the hull form and hydrodynamics energy conservation program and technical specialist for design practices for resistance and powering margins and hull form geometry. A member of ASNE since 1979 Mr. Hough is also a member of SNAME ASE and the U.S. Naval Institute. Allen H. Engleis a naval architect with the Hull Form Design and Performance Division of the Naval Sea Systems Command. He received his B.S. degree in engineering science from th

To meet energy conservation goals of the U.S. Navy, its attention has been focused on ways to reduce individual ship total resistance and powering requirements. One possible method of improving ship powering characteristics is by modifying existing individual ship hulls with the addition of bulbous bows. This paper will identify the merits of retrofitting bow bulbs on selected U.S. Navy auxiliary and amphibious warfare ships. A procedure for performing a cost-benefit analysis will be shown for candidate ship classes. An example of this technique for an amphibious warfare ship will also be provided. A brief discussion of future methods to be used for bulbous bow design such as application of systematic model test data and numerical hydrodynamic techniques will be given.

关键词： NAVAL VESSELS

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RUDDER ROLL STABILIZATION FOR COAST GUARD CUTTERS AND FRIGATES

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1983年第3期95卷 267-282页

作者： BAITIS, E WOOLAVER, DA BECK, TA Dr. Erich Baitis: a native of Germany came to the David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center in 1957 as a co-operative student/trainee and received his Bachelor of Science Degree in Physics from Virginia Polytechnic Institute. As a 32-year-old naval architect in 1971 he received both the VietnamHonorServiceMedaland the Navy'sMeritoriousCivilianServiceAwardfor his eight months as liaison with the Vietnamese NAVVS ferro-cement ship program. As head of the Seakeeping and Stabilization Group of the Surface Ship Dynamics Branch his work has led to the development of a new standard Ship Motion Computer Program and the application of ship motions to ship habitability operability and survivability problems. A major area of this work has been the ship/aircraft interface which is particularly sensitive to ship motions wind and other environmental factors. Mr. Dennis A. Woolaver:has been employed as a Naval Architect at the David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center since 1965 where his work has resulted in numerous patents. He received his Bachelor of Science Degree in Electrical Engineering from George Washington University where he also completed graduate work in Communication Theory. Additional fields of study include Computer Science and Personnel Management. Current efforts are directed toward surface ship motion mitigation data acquisition and statistical analysis. He is a member of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers. Lt. Tom A. Beck USCG: joined the UnitedStatesCoastGuardin 1966 where he trained as an Electronics Technician. He received a Bachelor of Science Degree in Electrical Engineering from Columbia University in 1978. From 1978 to 1979 he was an Electronics Project Officer at the CoastGuardElectronics Laboratory in Alexandria Virginia. Since 1980 he has been a Research and Development Project Officer in the Sensor Technology Branch of the CoastGuardsOffice of Research and Development. Lt. Beck is a member of the Institute of Electronic and Elect

The potential use of rudders as anti-roll devices has long been recognized. However, the possible interference of this secondary function of the rudder with its primary role as the steering mechanism has prevented, for many years, the development of practical rudder roll stabilizers. The practical feasibility of rudder roll stabilization has, however, in recent years been demonstrated by two systems designed and developed for operational evaluation aboard two different U.S. C oast G uard Cutters, i.e., Jarvis and Mellon of the 3,000-ton, 378-foot HAMILTON Class. The authors describe the major components of the rudder roll stabilization (RRS) system, along with the design goals and methodology as applied to these first two prototypes. In addition, a brief history of the hardware development is provided in order to show some of the lessons learned. The near flawless performance of the prototypes over the past four years of operational use in the North Pacific is documented. Results from various sea trials and reports of the ship operators are cited and discussed. The paper concludes with a discussion of the costs and benefits of roll stabilization achieved using both a modern anti-roll fin system, as well as two different performance level RRS systems. The benefits of roll stabilization are demonstrated by the relative expansion in the operational envelopes of the USS OLIVER HAZARD PERRY (FFG-7) Class. The varying levels of roll stabilization suggest that the merits of fins and RRS systems are strongly dependent on mission requirements and the environment. The demonstrated performance of the reliable RRS system offers the naval ship acquisition manager a good economical stabilization system.

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LASER-WELDING

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1981年第4期93卷 49-58页

作者： METZBOWER, EA Edward A. Metzbower is a supervisory metallurgist in the Material Science and Technology Division of the Naval Research Laboratory. A graduate of Loyola College (B.S.) and the Johns Hopkins University (M.E.S. and Ph.D.) Dr. Metzbower has been employed at NRL since 1967. He has studied the deformation characteristics of titanium alloys using x-ray line broadening techniques and is presently involved with a program studying the relationships between the mechanical properties structures and processing parameters of the welding conditions especially laser welding. He is a member of The Metallurgical Society of AIME the American Society for Metals the American Welding Society and Sigma Xi.

Technological improvements in welding have proceeded at a slow pace usually brought about by incremental advances in techniques or materials. An opportunity is now being afforded the N avy to increase its welding technology by giant steps by utilizing the emerging technology of laser welding. Welding with a laser is no longer a research curiosity; it is a viable manufacturing process that is used in large industries. Laser welding is no longer confined to trimming resistors or pulsed welding of microelectronic components. Deep penetration welds have been made by utilizing and focusing high power, continuous carbon dioxide laser beams onto a wide variety of metal and alloys. These welds have been made at speeds up to 70 inches per minute in one half inch thick aluminum alloys at power levels of 8 kilowatts. High strength, low alloy steels have been welded at speeds of 40 inches per minute in one half inch plates at power levels of 12 kilowatts. Recently, it has been demonstrated that quenched and tempered steels can be welded in thicknesses up to three quarters of an inch at speeds in excess of 25 inches per minute at power levels of 14 kilowatts. Many of these improvements have taken place because of refinements in techniques, gas shielding, power stability and a decrease in spot size. Not only does the laser weld faster but the properties of laser welds are significantly better than the normal arc welding techniques and even better than another esoteric welding technique, electron beam welding. This improvement in properties is manifested both in mechanical properties and fracture resistance values. Typically autogeneous laser welds of quenched and tempered steels have yield strengths exceeding those of the base plate. At the same time, there is no significant reduction in the ductility of these welds. On the other hand, the fracture toughness values of laser beam welds approach the values obtained for the base plate and are significantly higher than the values obt

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Abstracts

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Environmental Management 1977年第1期1卷 67-96页

作者： Frankenfeld, John W. Schulz, Wolfgang McMurty, George J. Petersen, Gary W. May, G. A. Hering, F. S. Schwartz, J. I. Heywood, J. B. Chigier, N. A. Grohse, E. W. Walker, J. D. Colwell, R. R. Petrakis, L. Pergament, H. S. Thorpe, R. D. Schoepf, Richard W. Krzyczkowski, Roman Henneman, Suzanne S. Hudson, Charles L. Putnam, Evelyn S. Thiesen, Donna J. Parks, G. A. McCarty, Perry L. Leckie, J. O. Schrumpf, Barry J. Simonson, G. H. Paine, D. P. Lawrence, R. D. Pyott, W. T. Leh, M. Elders, W. Combs, J. Caplen, T. Harrison, F. L. Wong, K. M. Heft., R. E. Charnell, Robert L. Lehmann, Edward J. Mallon, Lawrence G. Hatfield, Cecile Adams, Gerald H. Johanning, James Talvitie, Antti Noll, Kenneth E. Miller, Terry Smiarowski, Joseph F. Willis, Cleve E. Foster, John H. Schlesinger, Benjamin Daetz, Douglas Lear, Donald U. Smith, Mona F. Hundemann, Audrey S. Crockett, Pernell W. Werner, Kirk G. Carroll, Thomas E. Maase, David L. Genco, Joseph E. Ifeadi, Christopher N. Lowman, F. G. Christensen, S. W. Van Winkle, W. Mattice, J. S. Harrison, Elizabeth A. Barker, James C. Chesness, Jerry L. Smith, Ralph E. Shaheeen, Donald G. Raney, R. Keith Borton, T. Wezernak, C. T. Raney, R. K. Sherwani, Jabbor K. Moreau, David H. Eisenberg, Norman A. Lynch, Cornelius J. Breeding, Roger J. Johnson, J. D. Foster, K. E. Mouat, D. A. Clark, R. Hyden, John William Owen, Wilfred Bayfield, Neil G. Barrow, Graham C. Stolz, Stephanie B. Wienckowski, Louis A. Brown, Betram S. Keyfitz, Nathan Wilson, W. L. Newman, Peter W. G. Bammi, Deepak Bammi, Dalip Goddard, James E. Chisholm, Tony Walsh, Cliff Brennan, Geoffrey Thompson, K. S. Richardson, R. Jensen, Clayton E. Brown, Dail W. Mirabito, John A. Cowing, Thomas G. Binghamton, Suny Siehl, George H. Albrecht, O. W. Alexander, Ariel Barde, Jean -Philippe Darby, William P. McMichael, Francis Clay Dunlap, Robert W. Muckleston, Keith W. Frankenhoff, Charles A. Giulini, Lorenzo T. Wyatt, T. Black, Peter E. Keating, William Thomas Leonard, M. E. Fisher, E. L. Brunelle, M. F. Dickinson, J. E. Pethig, Rudiger Clapham Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Linden Government Research Lab Coast Guard Washington D.C. Department of Transportation Washington D.C. Office For Remote Sensing of Earth Resources. NASA Earth Resources Survey Program Pennsylvania State University Washington D.C. Department of the Navy Washington D.C. Cambridge. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Inst. of Technology USA Huntsville. School of Graduate Studies and Research Alabama Univ. USA Dept. of Microbiology. Office of Naval Research Maryland Univ. Arlington Research and Development Co. Pittsburgh AeroChem Research Labs. Inc. Princeton Dept. of the Interior Office of Library Services. Bibliographic Series (Final) Washington D.C. Interplan Corp. Santa Barbara Urban Mass Transportation Adm. Washington D.C. Naval Underwater Systems Center Newport Calif. Mercury Project. National Science Found Stanford Univ Washington D.C. Div. of Advanced Environmental Research & Tech. USA Corvallis. NASA Earth Resources Survey Program Oregon State Univ. Washington D.C. Riverside. Inst. of Geophysics and Planetary Physics National Science Foundation California Univ. Washington D.C. Livermore Lawrence Livermore Lab. California Univ. USA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Labs. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Miami National Technical Information Service Springfield Miami Univ. Coral Gables School of Law National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Rockville National Academy of Sciences Office of Sea Grant Washington D. C. School of Law National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Sea Grant. Rockville Norman. Dept. of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science. Urban Mass Transportation Administration Oklahoma Univ. Washington D. C. Knoxville.Dept. of Civil Engineering. Federal Highway Administration Tennessee Univ. Washington D. C. Amherst.Water Resources Research Center. Office of Water Research and Technology Massachusetts Univ. Washington D. C. Calif. Dept. of Industria

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THE UNITED STATES NAVY'S “DESIGN WORK STUDY” APPROACH TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF SHIPBOARD CONTROL SYSTEMS

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Naval Engineers Journal 1976年第6期88卷 62-74页

作者： PLATO, ARTIS I. GAMBREL, WILLIAM DAVID Artis I. Plato:is Head of the Design Work Study/ Shipboard Manning/Human Factors Engineering Section Systems Engineering and Analysis Branch Naval Ship Engineering Center (NAVSEC). He graduated from the City College of New York in 1956 receiving his Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering degree. Following this he started work at the New York Naval Shipyard in the Internal Combustion Engine and Cargo Elevator Section. During 1957 and 1958 he was called up for active duty with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and served in Europe with a Construction Engineer Battalion. After release from active duty he returned to the shipyard where he remained until 1961 when he transferred to the Naval Supply Research and Development Facility Bayonne New Jersey. Initially he was in charge of an Engineering Support Test Group and the drafting services for the whole Facility. Later he became a Project Engineer in the Food Services Facilities Branch with duties that included planning and designing new afloat and ashore messing facilities for the Navy. In 1966 he transferred to NAVSEC as a Project Engineer in the Design Work Study Section and in this capacity worked on selected projects and manning problems for new construction and also developed a computer program (Manpower Determination Model) that makes accurate crew predictions for feasibility studies. In 1969 he became Head of the Section. He has been active in the U.S. Army Reserve since his release from active duty and his duties have included command of an Engineer Company various Staff positions and his present assignment as Operations Officer for a Civil Affairs Group. He has completed the U. S. A rmy Corps of Engineers Career Course and the Civil Affairs Career Course and is presently enrolled in the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College non-resident course. Additionally he completed graduate studies at American University Washington D.C in 1972 receiving his MSTM degree in Technology of Management and is a member of ASE ASME CAA U. S. Naval Instit

The purpose of this paper is to discuss a system analysis technique called “Design Work Study”, that is used by the U.S. Navy for the development of improved ship control systems. The Design Work Study approach is one which brings about the most efficient and cost effective man‐machine combination for the ship control functions. Adherence to this process insures that the advantages of automation are balanced against incurred operational and maintenance expense. At present, U.S. Navy doctrine requires that certain ship operating stations, such as steering and propulsion control, be manned at specified ship conditions of readiness. Therefore, if personnel are needed to fulfill these combat environment obligations, excessive automation may only result in unnecessary additional acquisition costs and increased personnel skill requirements. The Design Work Study process can be applied to establish the required fine balance between the degree of built‐in automation and the shipboard manpower levels. In order to explain the techniques that are used for this process, the Authors will present a brief summary of the Design Work Study approach for optimizing shipboard control systems, including an explanation of the formal procedural tools that are applicable. In addition, a practical case study of ship control system design for one of the latest classes of Navy destroyers will be presented. This example will illustrate the resultant savings and benefits that can be realized by a judicious application of this technique. © 1976 American society of Naval Engineers

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THE ENERGY PROBLEM AND DEFENSE

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Naval Engineers Journal 1974年第1期86卷 19-27页

作者： SONENSHEIN, RADM. NATHAN USN The author graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in the Class of 1938. His work has included instruction in Naval Construction and Marine Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology leading to a Master of Science degree in 1944 and the Advanced Management Program at Harvard Graduate School of Business in 1964. As an Engineering Duty Officer (EDO) he has served in various Navy commands including the Mare Island Naval Shipyard the former New York Naval Shipyard the USS Philippine Sea (CVA-47) during the Korean War as Chief Engineer and CINCPACFLT and COMSERVPAC Staffs as Fleet and Force Maintenance Officer. Within the Naval Ship Systems Command and its predecessor BUSHIPS his duties have included Director of the Facilities Division Head of the Hull Design Branch Director of the Ship Design Division Assistant Chief for Design Shipbuilding and Fleet Maintenance and as Commander Naval Ship Systems Command from 1969 until 1972. Other duties have included an assignment as the Project Manager for the Navy's Fast Deployment Logistic Ship Project from 1965 to 1967 Deputy Chief of Naval Material for Logistic Support from 1967 to 1969 and Chairman of the Naval Material Command Shipbuilding Council which commenced upon completion of his tour as Commander NAVSHIPS in 1972. On 4 September 1973 he was appointed Director of the Defense Energy Task Group (DETG) and subsequently on 15 November 1973 as Director of Energy for the Department of Defense. A former President of ASNE from 1970 to 1971 he is currently Vice-President of the American Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers. In addition he is a member of the honorary engineering society Sigma Xi and listed among those in Who's Who in America.

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science, technology, society: science as a Cultural Force. Edited with an introduction by Harry Woolf. Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 1964. x + 110 pp. $3.95.

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science 1965年第3671期148卷 791-792页

作者： Melvin Kranzberg Graduate Program in Science and Technology in Society Case Institute of Technology Cleveland Ohio

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DEEP SEA ARRAYS FOR MATERIALS EXPOSURE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1968年第2期80卷 287-&页

作者： MACANDER, A THE AUTHOR:attended Fairleigh Dickinson University from which he received a B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering in 1962. He is presently attending Stevens Institute of Technology where he is pursuing a graduate degree in Plastics Engineering. Since 1962 Mr. Macander has been a member of the U. S. Naval Applied Science Laboratory technical staff as a Mechanical Engineer. For the last five years he has been engaged in the development of syntactic foam systems for buoyancy and structural applications in the deep ocean as well as the development of ultrasonic nondestructive test methods for quality assurance of these foam materials. In addition Mr. Macander is responsible for the deep submergence materials exposure program in the ocean being conducted by the U. S. Naval Applied Science Laboratory. He is also a member of the Marine Technology Society.

United States Naval Applied science Laboratory has been installing and retrieving deep sea mooring installations in southeastern part of Tongue of Ocean (TOTO), Bahamas since 1965;conventional moorings, such as vertical "taut-wire" rope moorings, as well as moorings of more complex design have been used to expose variety of metallic and nonmetallic materials;because of loss of one mooring, multiple recovery systems was designed;new array, materials under exposure, and operations connected with installation are described.

关键词： Undersea technology

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