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A crossover from Kondo semiconductor to metallic antiferromagnet with 5d-electron doping in CeFe2Al10

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Tripathi, Rajesh Adroja, D.T. Lees, M.R. Sundaresan, A. Langridge, S. Bhattacharyya, A. Anand, V.K. Khalyavin, D. Sannigrahi, J. Cibin, G. Hillier, A.D. Smith, R.I. Walker, H.C. Muro, Y. Takabatake, T. ISIS Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory ChiltonOxonOX11 0QX United Kingdom Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research Jakkur Bangalore560064 India Highly Correlated Matter Research Group Physics Department University of Johannesburg Auckland Park2006 South Africa Department of Physics University of Warwick CoventryCV4 7AL United Kingdom Department of Physics Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute Belur Math HowrahWest Bengal711202 India Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Hahn-Meitner Platz 1 BerlinD-14109 Germany Department of Physics University of Petroleum and Energy Studies DehradunUttarakhand248007 India Diamond Light Source Harwell Science and Innovation Campus Didcot OxfordshireOX11 0DE United Kingdom Liberal Arts and Sciences Faculty of Engineering Toyama Prefectural University Imizu939-0398 Japan Quantum Matter Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima739-8530 Japan

We report a systematic study of the 5d-electron-doped system Ce(Fe1−xIrx)2Al10 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.15). With increasing x, the orthorhombic b axis decreases slightly while accompanying changes in a and c leave the unit cell volume almost unchanged. Inelastic neutron scattering, along with thermal and transport measurements, reveal that for the Kondo semiconductor CeFe2Al10, the low-temperature energy gap which is proposed to be a consequence of strong c-f hybridization, is suppressed by a small amount of Ir substitution for Fe, and that the system adopts a metallic ground state with an increase in the density of states at the Fermi level. The charge or transport gap collapses (at x = 0.04) faster than the spin gap with Ir substitution. Magnetic susceptibility, heat capacity, and muon spin relaxation measurements demonstrate that the system undergoes long-range antiferromagnetic order below a Néel temperature, TN, of 3.1(2) K for x = 0.15. The ordered moment is estimated to be smaller than 0.07(1) µB/Ce although the trivalent state of Ce is confirmed by Ce L3-edge x-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy. It is suggested that the c-f hybridization gap, which plays an important role in the unusually high ordering temperatures observed in CeT2Al10 (T = Ru and Os), may not be necessary for the onset of magnetic order with a low TN seen here in Ce(Fe1−xIrx)2Al10. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Antiferromagnetism

Development of a do-it-yourself (D.I.Y.) gel electrophoresis apparatus for Grade-12 STEM general biology students

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Journal of physics: Conference Series 2021年第1期1835卷

作者： Janne Noelle L. Gamale Dharel P. Acut Karla Marie Frances P. Niere Gwen Stephany S. Silagan Ethel P. Curaraton Guadalupe C. Latonio Rhett Anthony C. Latonio Joy R. Magsayo High School Department Sotero B. Cabahug FORUM for Literacy Consolacion Cebu 6001 Philippines Applied Physics Program National Institute of Physics College of Science University of the Philippines – Diliman Roxas Ave. Diliman Quezon City 1101 Philippines Science Education Program Graduate School College of Teacher Education Cebu Normal University Osmeña Blvd. Cebu City Cebu 6000 Philippines Department of Science and Mathematics Education College of Education Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of Technology Iligan City 9200 Philippines

A hurdle to effective science education in schools is often the lack of teaching materials. Teaching science education in the 21st century requires direct visualization and manipulation with effective use and implementation for meaningful learning to occur, thus, unleashing students' potential towards the lesson, boosting their engagement in learning, and applying the knowledge into skills. This study was carried out to develop a do-it-yourself gel electrophoresis apparatus. This study was conducted in Cebu Normal University, Philippines with nineteen (19) teachers from the Methods of Teaching science and Instructional Trends and Issues Class who evaluated the apparatus in terms of usability and functionality. The respondents tested the Gel Electrophoresis apparatus by conducting the experiment and they evaluated the apparatus' functionality and usability by using an evaluation sheet which is composed of eleven (11) usability questions, four (4) functionality questions. Suggestions were also asked to improve the said apparatus. After gathering data, the suggestions made by the respondents were incorporated which resulted to the improved D.I.Y. Gel Electrophoresis Apparatus. A manual with the procedures was also designed to further guide students and teachers on how to build the apparatus. With the findings and results obtained in the study, the respondents recommended the usage of the developed do-it-yourself gel electrophoresis apparatus in their respective classes and agreed that it is a good source of learning the concept of gel electrophoresis as a 21st century biological technique. The apparatus was easy to set-up and is of low-cost. During experimentation, the apparatus yielded with a positive result – the separation of food dyes which follows the principle of gel electrophoresis. Moreover, the experiment encourages creativity and it helps with the understanding of the nature of DNA and the concept of gel electrophoresis as a 21st century biological skills.

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exoALMA. VI. Rotating under Pressure: Rotation curves, azimuthal velocity substructures, and pressure variations

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Stadler, Jochen Benisty, Myriam Winter, Andrew J. Izquierdo, Andrés F. Longarini, Cristiano Galloway-Sprietsma, Maria Curone, Pietro Andrews, Sean M. Bae, Jaehan Facchini, Stefano Rosotti, Giovanni Teague, Richard Barraza-Alfaro, Marcelo Cataldi, Gianni Cuello, Nicolás Czekala, Ian Fasano, Daniele Flock, Mario Fukagawa, Misato Garg, Himanshi Hall, Cassandra Hammond, Iain Hilder, Thomas Huang, Jane Ilee, John D. Kanagawa, Kazuhiro Lesur, Geoffroy Lodato, Giuseppe Loomis, Ryan A. Menard, Francois Orihara, Ryuta Pinte, Christophe Price, Daniel J. Yen, Hsi-Wei Wafflard-Fernandez, Gaylor Wilner, David J. Wölfer, Lisa Yoshida, Tomohiro C. Zawadzki, Brianna Université Côte d’Azur Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur CNRS Laboratoire Lagrange France Königstuhl 17 Heidelberg69117 Germany NASA Hubble Fellowship Program United States Department of Astronomy University of Florida GainesvilleFL32611 United States Leiden Observatory Leiden University P.O. Box 9513 LeidenNL-2300 RA Netherlands European Southern Observatory Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2 Garching bei MünchenD-85748 Germany Institute of Astronomy University of Cambridge Madingley Road CambridgeCB3 0HA United Kingdom Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli Studi di Milano Via Celoria 16 Milano20133 Italy Departamento de Astronomía Universidad de Chile Camino El Observatorio 1515 Las Condes Santiago Chile Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Univ. Grenoble Alpes CNRS IPAG Grenoble38000 France School of Physics & Astronomy University of St. Andrews North Haugh St. AndrewsKY16 9SS United Kingdom School of Physics and Astronomy Monash University ClaytonVIC3800 Australia Department of Physics and Astronomy The University of Georgia AthensGA30602 United States Center for Simulational Physics The University of Georgia AthensGA30602 United States Institute for Artificial Intelligence The University of Georgia AthensGA30602 United States School of Physics and Astronomy Monash University VIC3800 Australia Department of Astronomy Columbia University 538 W. 120th Street Pupin Hall New YorkNY United States School of Physics and Astronomy University of Leeds LeedsLS2 9JT United Kingdom College of Science Ibaraki University 2-1-1 Bunkyo Ibaraki Mito310-8512 Japan National Radio Astronomy Observatory 520 Edgemont Rd. CharlottesvilleVA22903 United States Academia Sinica Institute of Ast

The bulk motion of the gas in protoplanetary disks around newborn stars is nearly Keplerian. By leveraging the high angular and spectral resolution of ALMA, we can detect small-scale velocity perturbations in molecular line observations caused by local gas pressure variations in the disk, possibly induced by embedded protoplanets. This paper presents the azimuthally averaged rotational velocity and its deviations from Keplerian rotation (δυ) for the exoALMA sample, as measured in the 12CO J = 3 − 2 and 13CO J = 3 − 2 emission lines. The rotation signatures show evidence for vertically stratified disks, in which 13CO rotates faster than 12CO due to a distinct thermal gas pressure gradient at their emitting heights. We find δυ-substructures in the sample on both small (∼10 au) and large (∼100 au) radial scales, reaching deviations up to 15% from background Keplerian velocity in the most extreme cases. More than 75% of the rings and 80% of the gaps in the dust continuum emission resolved in δυ are co-located with gas pressure maxima and minima, respectively. Additionally, gas pressure substructures are observed far beyond the dust continuum emission. For the first time, we determined the gas pressure derivative at the midplane from observations and found it to align well with the dust substructures within the given uncertainties. Based on our findings, we conclude that gas pressure variations are likely the dominant mechanism for ring and gap formation in the dust continuum. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Pressure gradient

The effectiveness of mobile learning role play game (rpg) maker mv in improving students' critical thinking ability

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Journal of physics: Conference Series 2020年第4期1567卷

作者： A Rasyid R I Iswari P Marwoto Rinto Post-Graduate program Universitas Negeri Semarang Indonesia Biology Education Program Universitas Majalengka Indonesia Department of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Universitas Negeri Semarang Indonesia

The aim of this research were to improve students' critical thinking and to know students' responses in applying mobile learning RPG-based maker MV in Ecosystem learning. This research is experimental research by using quasi-experimental design with Randomized control-Group Pretest Posttest. The data was taken qualitatively by using observation results during students' learning, students' response questionnaire in experiencing mobile learning RPG based maker MV, and quantitative data of students' critical thinking ability. The research findings showed (1) applying mobile learning RPG based maker MV had medium level, (2) Mobile learning RPG maker MV had improved students' critical thinking, and (3) Students' result after using this aplication of Ecosystem learning system in a good level or in the highest score.

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Deep-learning-driven event reconstruction applied to simulated data from a single Large-Sized Telescope of CTA

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Grespan, Pietro Jacquemont, Mikael López-Coto, Rubèn Miener, Tjark Nieto-Castaño, Daniel Vuillaume, Thomas Abe, H. Aguasca, A. Agudo, I. Antonelli, L.A. Aramo, C. Armstrong, T. Artero, M. Asano, K. Ashkar, H. Aubert, P. Baktash, A. Bamba, A. Baquero Larriva, A. Baroncelli, L. Barres de Almeida, U. Barrio, J.A. Batkovic, I. Becerra González, J. Bernardos, M.I. Berti, A. Biederbeck, N. Bigongiari, C. Blanch, O. Bonnoli, G. Bordas, P. Bose, D. Bulgarelli, A. Burelli, I. Buscemi, M. Cardillo, M. Caroff, S. Carosi, A. Cassol, F. Cerruti, M. Chai, Y. Cheng, K. Chikawa, M. Chytka, L. Contreras, J.L. Cortina, J. Costantini, H. Dalchenko, M. de Angelis, A. de Bony de Lavergne, M. Deleglise, G. Delgado, C. Delgado Mengual, J. della Volpe, D. Depaoli, D. Di Pierro, F. Di Venere, L. Díaz, C. Dominik, R.M. Dominis Prester, D. Donini, A. Dorner, D. Doro, M. Elsässer, D. Emery, G. Escudero, J. Fiasson, A. Foffano, L. Fonseca, M.V. Freixas Coromina, L. Fukami, S. Fukazawa, Y. Garcia, E. Garcia López, R. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Gliwny, P. Godinovic, N. Green, D. Grespan, Pietro Gunji, S. Hackfeld, J. Hadasch, D. Hahn, A. Hassan, T. Hayashi, Lo K. Heckmann, L. Heller, M. Herrera Llorente, J. Hirotani, K. Hoffmann, D. Horns, D. Houles, J. Hrabovsky, M. Hrupec, D. Hui, D. Hütten, M. Inada, T. Inome, Y. Iori, M. Ishio, K. Iwamura, Y. Jacquemont, Mikael Jimenez Martinez, I. Jouvin, L. Jurysek, J. Kagaya, M. Karas, V. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kerszberg, D. Kobayashi, Y. Kong, A. Kubo, H. Kushida, J. Lamanna, G. Lamastra, A. Le Flour, T. Longo, F. López-Coto, Rubèn López-Moya, M. López-Oramas, A. Luque-Escamilla, P.L. Majumdar, P. Makariev, M. Mandat, D. Manganaro, M. Mannheim, K. Mariotti, M. Marquez, P. Marsella, G. Martí, J. Martinez, O. Martínez, G. Martínez, M. Marusevec, P. Mas, A. Maurin, G. Mazin, D. Mestre Guillen, E. Micanovic, S. Miceli, D. Miener, Tjark Miranda, J.M. Miranda, L.D.M. Mirzoyan, R. Mizuno, T. Molina, E. Montaruli, T. Monteiro, I. Moralejo, A. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova PadovaI-35131 Italy Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules Univ. Grenoble Alpes Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS LAPP 9 chemin de bellevue Annecy74940 France LISTIC Université Savoie Mont-Blanc Polytech Annecy-Chambéry 5 chemin de bellevue Annecy74940 France Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos Departamento de EMFTEL Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica Institut de Ciències del Cosmos Universitat de Barcelona IEEC-UB Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma INFN Sezione di Napoli Aix Marseille Univ. CNRS/IN2P3 CPPM The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology IRFU CEA Université Paris-Saclay LAPP Univ. Grenoble Alpes Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS-IN2P3 Annecy France Universität Hamburg Institut für Experimentalphysik Graduate School of Science University of Tokyo EMFTEL Department IPARCOS Universidad Complutense de Madrid INAF - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello spazio di Bologna Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas INFN Sezione di Padova Università degli Studi di Padova Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Departamento de Astrofísica Universidad de La Laguna Max-Planck-Institut für Physik Department of Physics TU Dortmund University Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics INFN Sezione di Trieste Università degli Studi di Udine INFN Sezione di Catania University of Geneva Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire Palacky University Olomouc Faculty of Science CIEMAT Port d’Informació Científica INFN Sezione di Torino Dipartimento di Fisica Universitá degli Studi di Torino INFN Sezione di Bari Università di Bari University of Rijeka Department of Physics Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics Universität Würzburg Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University INFN Sezione d

When very-high-energy gamma rays interact high in the Earth’s atmosphere, they produce cascades of particles that induce flashes of Cherenkov light. Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) detect these flashes and convert them into shower images that can be analyzed to extract the properties of the primary gamma ray. The dominant background for IACTs is comprised of air shower images produced by cosmic hadrons, with typical noise-to-signal ratios of several orders of magnitude. The standard technique adopted to differentiate between images initiated by gamma rays and those initiated by hadrons is based on classical machine learning algorithms, such as Random Forests, that operate on a set of handcrafted parameters extracted from the images. Likewise, the inference of the energy and the arrival direction of the primary gamma ray is performed using those parameters. State-of-the-art deep learning techniques based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have the potential to enhance the event reconstruction performance, since they are able to autonomously extract features from raw images, exploiting the pixel-wise information washed out during the parametrization process. Here we present the results obtained by applying deep learning techniques to the reconstruction of Monte Carlo simulated events from a single, next-generation IACT, the Large-Sized Telescope (LST) of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). We use CNNs to separate the gamma-ray-induced events from hadronic events and to reconstruct the properties of the former, comparing their performance to the standard reconstruction technique. Three independent implementations of CNN-based event reconstruction models have been utilized in this work, producing consistent results. © 2021, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

Room temperature tunable coupling of single photon emitting quantum dots to localized and delocalized modes in plasmonic nanocavity array

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Yadav, Ravindra Kumar Liu, Wenxiao Li, Ran Odom, Teri W. Agarwal, Girish S. Basu, Jaydeep K. Department of Physics Indian Institute of Science Bangalore560012 India Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory for Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices Xi0an Jiaotong University Xi0an710049 China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Graduate Program in Applied Physics Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern LemontIL60439 United States Department of Chemistry Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States

Single photon sources (SPS), especially those based on solid state quantum emitters, are key elements in future quantum technologies. What is required is the development of broadband, high quantum efficiency, room temperature SPS which can also be tunably coupled to optical cavities which could lead to development of all-optical quantum communication platforms. In this regard deterministic coupling of SPS to plasmonic nanocavity arrays has great advantage due to long propagation length and delocalized nature of surface lattice resonances (SLRs). Guided by these considerations, we report experiments on the room temperature tunable coupling of single photon emitting colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) to localised and delocalised modes in plasmonic nanocavity arrays. Using time-resolved photo-luminescence measurement on isolated CQD, we report significant advantage of SLRs in realizing much higher Purcell effect, despite large dephasing of CQDs, with values of ∼ 22 and ∼ 6 for coupling to the lattice and localised modes, respectively. We present measurements on the antibunching of CQDs coupled to these modes with g(2)(0) values in quantum domain providing evidence for an effective cooperative behavior. We present a density matrix treatment of the coupling of CQDs to plasmonic and lattice modes enabling us to model the experimental results on Purcell factors as well as on the antibunching. We also provide experimental evidence of indirect excitation of remote CQDs mediated by the lattice modes and propose a model to explain these observations. Our study demonstrates the possibility of developing nanophotonic platforms for single photon operations and communications with broadband quantum emitters and plasmonic nanocavity arrays since these arrays can generate entanglement between to spatially separated quantum emitters. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Semiconductor quantum dots

Protect transgender scientists

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science 2025年第6753期388卷 1283-1284页

作者： Nasa Sinnott-Armstrong Desiree Forsythe Jane M Benoit Callie R. Chappell Lisa S. Y. Coe Bruno Francesco Rodrigues de Oliveira Natalya Evans Anna C. Fagre Jonathan M. Gilligan Maria Hamilton Colin Moran Henneberry Suzanne L. Ishaq Juliet Johnston Erin Krichilsky Jamie Alcira Lopez Kay McMonigal Melanie Ortiz Alvarez de la Campa Rahmeen Rahman Nicole E. Schwartz Lauren Talluto Eric J. Taylor José M. Vargas-Muñiz J. L. Weissman Herbold Computational Biology Program Public Health Sciences Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center Seattle WA USA. Department of Genome Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA USA. Department of Biology Santa Clara University Santa Clara CA USA. Department of Biological Science Florida State University Tallahassee FL USA. Department of Biology Stanford University Stanford CA USA. Department of Biology and Genetics Institute University of Florida Gainesville FL USA. School of Teaching and Learning College of Education University of Florida Gainesville FL USA. Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Biomedical Institute Fluminense Federal University Niterói RJ Brazil. Marine Science Institute University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA USA. Department of Microbiology Immunology and Pathology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA. Department Civil and Environmental Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA. Department of Marine Sciences University of Georgia Athens GA USA. Department of Ecology and Evolution Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA. Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences University of Maine Orono ME USA. Microbes and Social Equity working group Orono ME USA. School of Science and Math Hampshire College Amherst MA USA. American Museum of Natural History Richard Gilder Graduate School New York NY USA. Department of Ecology Evolution and Environmental Biology Columbia University New York NY USA. Department of Bioengineering Stanford University Stanford CA USA. Department of Applied Physics Stanford University Stanford CA USA. College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA. Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Brown University Providence RI USA. Department of Infectious Disease Imperial College London London UK. Depart

Transgender and gender nonconforming (TGnC) people are a primary target of the Trump administration. Multiple executive orders seek to erase TGnC protections; mandate denial of gender identity; and ban diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) (1). Changes to federal funding policies related to TGnC individuals and DEI threaten to curtail academic diversity and freedom (2). Institutions have been hesitant to resist, but for many TGnC scientists—especially TGnC individuals of color, immigrants, and those with disabilities—invisibility is not an option. Anticipatory obedience (3, 4), and even passive allyship, is insufficient; institutions must abandon neutrality and defend targeted communities to minimize further harm (5, 6). As queer and TGnC scientists, we call on researchers at all levels—from undergraduates to university presidents—to take direct, consistent, and rapid action.

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Atomic-Scale Defect Detection by Nonlinear Light Scattering and Localization

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Shafiei, Farbod Orzali, Tommaso Vert, Alexey Miri, Mohammad-Ali Hung, P.Y. Wong, Man Hoi Alù, Andrea Bersuker, Gennadi Downer, Michael C. Department of Physics University of Texas at Austin AustinTX United States SEMATECH AlbanyNY United States Sunny Polytechnic Institute AlbanyNY United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Texas at Austin AustinTX United States Department of Physics Queens College of the CUNY QueensNY United States Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center CUNY New YorkNY United States Physics Program Graduate Center CUNY New YorkNY United States Aerospace Corporation Los AngelesCA United States

Hetero-epitaxial crystalline films underlie many electronic and optical technologies but are prone to forming defects at their hetero-interfaces. Atomic-scale defects such as threading dislocations that propagate into a film impede the flow of charge carriers and light degrading electrical/optical performance of devices. Diagnosis of sub-surface defects traditionally requires time-consuming invasive techniques such as cross–sectional transmission electron microscopy. Using III-V films grown on Si, we have demonstrated noninvasive, bench-top diagnosis of sub-surface defects by optical second-harmonic scanning probe microscope. We observed a high-contrast pattern of sub-wavelength "hot spots" caused by scattering and localization of fundamental light by defect scattering sites. Size of these observed hotspots are strongly correlated to the density of dislocation defects. Our results not only demonstrate a global and versatile method for diagnosing sub-surface scattering sites but uniquely elucidate optical properties of disordered media. An extension to third harmonics would enable irregularities detection in non-χ(2) materials making the technique universally applicable. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： High resolution transmission electron microscopy

Development of an advanced SiPM camera for the large size telescope of the Cherenkov telescope array observatory

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Heller, Matthieu Armstrong, T. Bellato, M. Bergnoli, A. Bernardos, M. Bernasconi, E. Biland, A. Charbon, E. Corti, D. Dalchenko, M. della Volpe, D. Depaoli, D. Di Pierro, F. Emery, G. Gascón, D. Gómez, S. López-Coto, R. Mariotti, M. Miranda, L.D.M. Montaruli, T. Nagai, A. Rando, R. Saito, T. Tajima, H. Zietara, K. Abe, H. Aguasca, A. Agudo, I. Antonelli, L.A. Aramo, C. Armstrong, T. Artero, M. Asano, K. Ashkar, H. Aubert, P. Baktash, A. Bamba, A. Baquero Larriva, A. Baroncelli, L. Barres de Almeida, U. Barrio, J.A. Batkovic, I. Becerra González, J. Bernardos, M.I. Berti, A. Biederbeck, N. Bigongiari, C. Blanch, O. Bonnoli, G. Bordas, P. Bose, D. Bulgarelli, A. Burelli, I. Buscemi, M. Cardillo, M. Caroff, S. Carosi, A. Cassol, F. Cerruti, M. Chai, Y. Cheng, K. Chikawa, M. Chytka, L. Contreras, J.L. Cortina, J. Costantini, H. Dalchenko, M. de Angelis, A. de Bony de Lavergne, M. Deleglise, G. Delgado, C. Delgado Mengual, J. della Volpe, D. Depaoli, D. Di Venere, L. Díaz, C. Dominik, R.M. Dominis Prester, D. Donini, A. Dorner, D. Doro, M. Elsässer, D. Emery, G. Escudero, J. Fiasson, A. Foffano, L. Fonseca, M.V. Freixas Coromina, L. Fukami, S. Fukazawa, Y. Garcia, E. Garcia López, R. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Gliwny, P. Godinovic, N. Green, D. Grespan, P. Gunji, S. Hackfeld, J. Hadasch, D. Hahn, A. Hassan, T. Hayashi, K. Heckmann, L. Heller, M. Herrera Llorente, J. Hirotani, K. Hoffmann, D. Horns, D. Houles, J. Hrabovsky, M. Hrupec, D. Hui, D. Hütten, M. Inada, T. Inome, Y. Iori, M. Ishio, K. Iwamura, Y. Jacquemont, M. Jimenez Martinez, I. Jouvin, L. Jurysek, J. Kagaya, M. Karas, V. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kerszberg, D. Kobayashi, Y. Kong, A. Kubo, H. Kushida, J. Lamanna, G. Lamastra, A. Le Flour, T. Longo, F. López-Coto, R. López-Moya, M. López-Oramas, A. Luque-Escamilla, P.L. Majumdar, P. Makariev, M. Mandat, D. Manganaro, M. Mannheim, K. Mariotti, M. Marquez, P. Marsella, G. Martí, J. Martinez, O. Martínez, G. Martínez, M. DPNC - Université de Genève 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet GenèveCH-1211 Switzerland Aix Marseille Univ CNRS/IN2P3 CPPM Marseille France INFN Sezione di Padova Via Marzolo Padova8 - 35131 Italy INFN Sezione di Torino via P. Giuria Torino1 - 10125 Italy Università degli Studi di Torino Dipartimento di Fisica via P. Giuria Torino1 - 10125 Italy Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research and Kobayashi–Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe Nagoya University Nagoya464-8601 Japan AQUA EPFL Neuchâtel Switzerland ETH Zurich Institute for Particle Physics Otto-Stern-Weg 5 Zurich8093 Switzerland Institute of Cosmos Sciencies - University of Barcelona Martí i Franquès 1 Barcelona08028 Spain Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo Japan Astronomical Observatory Jagiellonian University ul. Orla 171 Kraków30-244 Poland Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica Institut de Ciències del Cosmos Universitat de Barcelona IEEC-UB Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma INFN Sezione di Napoli Aix Marseille Univ CNRS/IN2P3 CPPM The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology IRFU CEA Université Paris-Saclay LAPP Univ. Grenoble Alpes Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS-IN2P3 Annecy France Universität Hamburg Institut für Experimentalphysik Graduate School of Science University of Tokyo EMFTEL department IPARCOS Universidad Complutense de Madrid INAF - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello spazio di Bologna Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas INFN Sezione di Padova Università degli Studi di Padova Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Departamento de Astrofísica Universidad de La Laguna Max-Planck-Institut für Physik Department of Physics TU Dortmund University Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics INFN Sezione di Trieste Università degli Studi di Udine INFN Sezione di Catania University of Geneva Département de physique nucléair

Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) have become the baseline choice for cameras of the small-sized telescopes (SSTs) of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). On the other hand, SiPMs are relatively new to the field and covering large surfaces and operating at high data rates still are challenges to outperform photomultipliers (PMTs). The higher sensitivity in the near infra-red and longer signals compared to PMTs result in higher night sky background rate for SiPMs. However, the robustness of the SiPMs represents a unique opportunity to ensure long-term operation with low maintenance and better duty cycle than PMTs. The proposed camera for large size telescopes will feature 0.05◦ pixels, low power and fast front-end electronics and a fully digital readout. In this work, we present the status of dedicated simulations and data analysis for the performance estimation. The design features and the different strategies identified, so far, to tackle the demanding requirements and the improved performance are described. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Photomultipliers