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Emergence of large-scale cell death through ferroptotic trigger waves

Nature 2024年第8021期631卷 654-662页

作者： Co, Hannah K. C. Wu, Chia-Chou Lee, Yi-Chen Chen, Sheng-Hong Molecular and Cell Biology Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Science National Defense Medical Center Laboratory for Cell Dynamics Institute of Molecular Biology Academia Sinica National Center for Theoretical Sciences Physics Division Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program Academia Sinica and National Taiwan University

Large-scale cell death is commonly observed during organismal development and in human pathologies1–5. These cell death events extend over great distances to eliminate large populations of cells, raising the question... 详细信息

Large-scale cell death is commonly observed during organismal development and in human pathologies^1–5. These cell death events extend over great distances to eliminate large populations of cells, raising the question of how cell death can be coordinated in space and time. One mechanism that enables long-range signal transmission is trigger waves⁶, but how this mechanism might be used for death events in cell populations remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that ferroptosis, an iron- and lipid-peroxidation-dependent form of cell death, can propagate across human cells over long distances (≥5 mm) at constant speeds (around 5.5 μm min⁻¹) through trigger waves of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Chemical and genetic perturbations indicate a primary role of ROS feedback loops (Fenton reaction, NADPH oxidase signalling and glutathione synthesis) in controlling the progression of ferroptotic trigger waves. We show that introducing ferroptotic stress through suppression of cystine uptake activates these ROS feedback loops, converting cellular redox systems from being monostable to being bistable and thereby priming cell populations to become bistable media over which ROS propagate. Furthermore, we demonstrate that ferroptosis and its propagation accompany the massive, yet spatially restricted, cell death events during muscle remodelling of the embryonic avian limb, substantiating its use as a tissue-sculpting strategy during embryogenesis. Our findings highlight the role of ferroptosis in coordinating global cell death events, providing a paradigm for investigating large-scale cell death in embryonic development and human pathologies. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Cell death Dynamical systems Emergence Multistability Regulatory networks

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Neutronic and Proliferation Resistance Analysis of Small Modular Pressurized Water Reactor with Various Fuel Types using SRAC 2006 10

Neutronic and Proliferation Resistance Analysis of Small Mod...

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10th Asian physics Symposium 2023, APS 2023

作者： Amatullah, Amila Permana, Sidik Pramuditya, Syeilendra Master Program in Nuclear Science and Engineering Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Bandung Institute of Technology Ganesha No. 10 Bandung Indonesia Graduate Program in Nuclear Science and Engineering Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Bandung Institute of Technology Ganesha No. 10 Bandung Indonesia Graduate Program in Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Bandung Institute of Technology Ganesha No. 10 Bandung Indonesia

One strategy for emission reduction in Indonesia is the dedieselization program, replacing diesel power plants with renewables. Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) type Small Modular Reactor (SMR) is also a consideration. This study aims to compare fuel performance in SMRs. Four fuel types with varying fissile and fertile nuclides but equal fissile mass percentages were assessed: U235- U238, U235-Th232, U233-U238, and U233-Th232, using PIJ SRAC 2006 and JENDL 4.0. Parameters include neutron multiplication factor, conversion ratio, and isotope production. Results indicated that U233-U238 has a highest initial neutron multiplication factor, 1.55. Substituting uranium-238 with thorium-232 boosts neutron flux and conversion, reducing nuclear proliferation risk. While initial neutron multiplication may not be highest, thorium-232 can produce uranium-233 with high initial neutron multiplication factor. This research aids fuel selection for Indonesia SMR dedieselization program. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Thorium

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Migration and proliferation drive the emergence of patterns in co-cultures of differentiating vascular progenitor cells

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Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 2024年第8期21卷 6731-6757页

作者： Zamora Alvarado, Jose E. McCloskey, Kara E. Gopinathan, Ajay School of Engineering University of California Merced MercedCA95343 United States Graduate Program in Materials and Biomaterials Science and Engineering University of California Merced MercedCA95343 United States Department of Physics University of California Merced MercedCA95343 United States

Vascular cells self-organize into unique structures guided by cell proliferation, migration, and/or differentiation from neighboring cells, mechanical factors, and/or soluble signals. However, the relative contribution of each of these factors remains unclear. Our objective was to develop a computational model to explore the different factors affecting the emerging micropatterns in 2D. This was accomplished by developing a stochastic on-lattice population-based model starting with vascular progenitor cells with the potential to proliferate, migrate, and/or differentiate into either endothelial cells or smooth muscle cells. The simulation results yielded patterns that were qualitatively and quantitatively consistent with experimental observations. Our results suggested that post-differentiation cell migration and proliferation when balanced could generate between 30–70% of each cell type enabling the formation of vascular patterns. Moreover, the cell-to-cell sensing could enhance the robustness of this patterning. These findings computationally supported that 2D patterning is mechanistically similar to current microfluidic platforms that take advantage of the migration-directed self-assembly of mature endothelial and mural cells to generate perfusable 3D vasculature in permissible hydrogel environments and suggest that stem or progenitor cells may not be fully necessary components in many tissue formations like those formed by vasculogenesis. ©2024 the Author(s)

关键词： Endothelial cells

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Molecular Mechanism of pH-Induced Protrusion Configuration Switching in Piscine Betanodavirus Implies a Novel Antiviral Strategy

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ACS Infectious Diseases 2024年第9期10卷 3304-3319页

作者： Štěrbová, Petra Wang, Chun-Hsiung Carillo, Kathleen J. D. Lou, Yuan-Chao Kato, Takayuki Namba, Keiichi Tzou, Der-Lii M. Chang, Wei-Hau Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica College of Life Science National Tsing Hua University Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Biomedical Translation Research Center Academia Sinica Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences Osaka University Genomics Research Center Academia Sinica Institute of Physics Academia Sinica

Many viruses contain surface spikes or protrusions that are essential for virus entry. These surface structures can thereby be targeted by antiviral drugs to treat viral infections. Nervous necrosis virus (NNV), a simple nonenveloped virus in the genus of betanodavirus, infects fish and damages aquaculture worldwide. NNV has 60 conspicuous surface protrusions, each comprising three protrusion domains (P-domain) of its capsid protein. NNV uses protrusions to bind to common receptors of sialic acids on the host cell surface to initiate its entry via the endocytic pathway. However, structural alterations of NNV in response to acidic conditions encountered during this pathway remain unknown, while detailed interactions of protrusions with receptors are unclear. Here, we used cryo-EM to discover that Grouper NNV protrusions undergo low-pH-induced compaction and resting. NMR and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to probe the atomic details. A solution structure of the P-domain at pH 7.0 revealed a long flexible loop (amino acids 311-330) and a pocket outlined by this loop. Molecular docking analysis showed that the N-terminal moiety of sialic acid inserted into this pocket to interact with conserved residues inside. MD simulations demonstrated that part of this loop converted to a β-strand under acidic conditions, allowing for P-domain trimerization and compaction. Additionally, a low-pH-favored conformation is attained for the linker connecting the P-domain to the NNV shell, conferring resting protrusions. Our findings uncover novel pH-dependent conformational switching mechanisms underlying NNV protrusion dynamics potentially utilized for facilitating NNV entry, providing new structural insights into complex NNV-host interactions with the identification of putative druggable hotspots on the protrusion. © 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.

关键词： conformational change disorder-to-order transition druggable pocket molecular movies pH sensing protein oligomerization solution structures

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Low-temperature spin Seebeck effect in nonmagnetic vanadium dioxide

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Physical Review B 2024年第2期110卷 024415-024415页

作者： Renjie Luo Tanner J. Legvold Liyang Chen Henry Navarro Ali C. Basaran Deshun Hong Changjiang Liu Anand Bhattacharya Ivan K. Schuller Douglas Natelson Department of Physics and Astronomy Applied Physics Graduate Program Rice Quantum Institute Department of Physics and Center for Advanced Nanoscience Materials Science Division Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering

The spin Seebeck effect (SSE) is sensitive to thermally driven magnetic excitations in magnetic insulators. Vanadium dioxide in its insulating low-temperature phase is expected to lack magnetic degrees of freedom, as vanadium atoms are thought to form singlets upon dimerization of the vanadium chains. Instead, we find a paramagnetic SSE response in VO2 films that grows as the temperature decreases below 50 K. The field and temperature-dependent SSE voltage is qualitatively consistent with a general model of paramagnetic SSE response and inconsistent with triplet spin transport. Quantitative estimates find a spin Seebeck coefficient comparable in magnitude to that observed in strongly magnetic materials. The microscopic nature of the magnetic excitations in VO2 requires further examination.

关键词： Spin Seebeck effect Paramagnets Strongly correlated systems

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Quantized polarization in a generalized Rice-Mele model at arbitrary filling

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Physical Review B 2024年第4期110卷 045113-045113页

作者： Yasuhiro Tada Quantum Matter Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Institute for Solid State Physics University of Tokyo

We discuss the charge polarization in a generalized Rice-Mele model at arbitrary particle filling per site as a model of charge-ordered systems in one dimension. The model possesses neither the conventional bond-centered inversion symmetry nor the one site translation symmetry alone but has combinations of these symmetries. We show that the charge polarization in the ground state is quantized by the combined symmetry and is characterized solely by the filling. Especially, the polarization can be 1/2 (mod 1) in the zero filling limit. Under the open boundary condition, there exist excess charges accumulated near edges of the system irrespective of existence or absence of edge modes. Correspondingly, we decompose the polarization into a bulk contribution and an edge contribution and numerically demonstrate that the polarization is dominated by the former (latter) when the energy gap is small (large). We also discuss a simple generalization of our model and examine absence/existence of a gapless edge mode protected by the inversion symmetry by introducing intra unit cell and inter unit cell contributions of the charge polarization.

关键词： Electric polarization Topological materials Topological insulators Discrete symmetries in condensed matter Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model

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Terahertz phonon polariton concentrator based on perovskite oxides

Terahertz phonon polariton concentrator based on perovskite ...

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2023 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2023

作者： Xu, Rui Lin, Tong Luo, Jiaming Chen, Xiaotong Blackert, Elizabeth R. Moon, Alyssa R. JeBailey, Khalil M. Zhu, Hanyu Department of Materials Science and Nano Engineering Rice University Houston United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Rice University Houston United States Program Rice University Houston United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

We report the experimental demonstration of surface phonon-polaritonic devices in a broad spectral range of 7-13 THz based on SrTiO3. We designed planar ultrafast concentrators that amplifies transient electric field by 6 times and measured an average field of 0.5 GV/m in an optically resolvable area in the far field. © 2023 The Author(s)

关键词： Perovskite

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Polarization-contrcoled chiral trransport

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Light(science & Applications) 2025年第3期14卷 822-830页

作者： Hang Zhu Jian Wang Andrea Alu Lin Chen Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research CenterCity University of New YorkNew YorkNY 10031USA physics Program Graduate CenterCity University of New YorkNew YorkNY 10016USA Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute Shenzhen 518063China Key Laboratory of High Temperature Electromagnetic Materials and Structure of MOE Wuhan University of Science andTechnologyWuhan430081China

Handedness-selective chiral transport is an intriguing phenomenon that not only holds signifcant importance for fundamental research but also carries application prospects in fields such as optical communications and ***,on-chip chiral transport devices are static,unable to modulate the output modes based on the input *** limits both device functionality reconfiguration and information transmission ***,we propose to use the incident polarization diversity to control the Hamiltonian evolution path,achieving polarization-dependent chiral *** mapping the evolution path of TE and TM polarizations onto elaborately engineered double-coupled waveguides,we experimentally demonstrate that different polarizations yield controllable modal *** work combines Multiple-lnput,Multiple-Output,and polarization diversity concepts with chiral transport and challenges the prevailing notion that the modal outputs are fixed to specific modes in chiral transport,thereby opening pathways for the development of on-chip reconfigurable and high-capacity handedness-selective devices.

关键词： polarization controlled handedness selective control hamilton modulate output modes incident polarization diversity optical communications chiral transport fundamental research

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Ultrahigh zT from strong electron-phonon interactions and a low-dimensional Fermi surface

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Energy and Environmental science 2024年第5期17卷 1904-1915页

作者： Ranganayakulu, V.K. Wang, Te-Hsien Chen, Cheng-Lung Huang, Angus Ma, Ma-Hsuan Wu, Chun-Min Tsai, Wei-Han Hung, Tsu-Lien Ou, Min-Nan Jeng, Horng-Tay Lee, Chih-Hao Chen, Kuei-Hsien Li, Wen-Hsien Brod, Madison K. Snyder, G. Jeffrey Chen, Yang-Yuan Institute of Physics Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan Department of Engineering and System Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Taiwan International Graduate Program Taipei11529 Taiwan Department of Physics National Chung Hsing University Taichung City40227 Taiwan Graduate School of Materials Science National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Yunlin64002 Taiwan Bachelor Program in Semiconductor Materials and Fabrication Ming Chi University of Technology New Taipei City243303 Taiwan Department of Physics National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Center for Theory and Computation National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Physics Division National Center for Theoretical Sciences Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Physics National Central University Jhongli32001 Taiwan National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Hsinchu Science Park Hsinchu30076 Taiwan Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences Academia Sinica Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Graduate Institute of Applied Physics National Chengchi University Taipei11605 Taiwan

The outstanding thermoelectric performance of GeTe has attracted significant attention in the research community in recent years. However, many of the underlying physical mechanisms that contribute to GeTe's exceptionally high figure of merit (zT) remain not fully understood. In this study, an Sb-Bi codoped GeTe single crystal (Ge0.86Sb0.08Bi0.06)Te with an ultrahigh zT of 2.7 at 700 K and a record high device zT of 1.41 in the temperature range of 300-773 K was synthesized and investigated. The ultrahigh zT is attributed to the extremely low lattice thermal conductivity induced by strong electron-phonon (EP) interactions as revealed by the experimentally observed Kohn anomaly, through inelastic neutron scattering (INS) measurements. First-principles calculations further demonstrate that the remarkable EP interaction arises from the Fermi surface nesting featured in a one-dimensional (double-walled) topology. Our finding unravels the ultrahigh-zT mechanism in GeTe-based materials, serving as an inspiring guide toward high thermoelectric performance. © 2024 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

关键词： Neutron scattering

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AI-Based Intelligent-Annotation Algorithm for Medical Segmentation from Ultrasound Data 20th

AI-Based Intelligent-Annotation Algorithm for Medical Segmen...

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20th Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, PRICAI 2023

作者： Peng, Tao Zhang, Yaogong Dong, Yan Ruan, Yiwen Jin, Rui Liu, Zhaorui Wu, Hongzhuang Shen, Yuling Zhang, Lei School of Future Science and Engineering Soochow University Suzhou China Medical Physics Graduate Program and Data Science Research Center Duke Kunshan University Jiangsu Kunshan China Department of Ultrasonography The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819970247

The management of prostate cancer, a prevalent source of mortality in men, calls for meticulous delineation of the prostate in transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) images for effective treatment planning. This paper introduces a hybrid artificial intelligence approach for prostate delineation, leveraging prior information from experts, a machine learning model, and a quantum-inspired evolutionary network to augment the accuracy of prostate segmentation. The approach incorporates three novel elements: 1) limited prior information from expert and adaptive polygon tracking (APT) module for initial segmentation;2) a novel historical storage-based quantum-inspired evolutionary network (HQIE) mechanism to search for the optimal neural network and enhancing solution diversity and capacity to address unimodal and multimodal challenges, and 3) a unique mathematical formulation denoted by parameters of the neural network is used to achieve smooth prostate periphery. The method was evaluated across various noise conditions and against several state-of-the-art methods using a multi-center dataset. In addition, an ablation study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of each component. The results demonstrated the superior performance of the hybrid AI method (Dice index: 96.4 ± 2.4%) against state-of-the-art deep learning methods (e.g., UTNet, Dice index: 90.1 ± 5.7%). The hybrid method also showed higher robustness to image noise than traditional methods. This study suggests new insights and technical approaches in the field of prostate segmentation using hybrid artificial intelligence methods. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2024.

关键词： Ultrasonics

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