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arXiv 2024年

作者： Steinhebel, Amanda L. Ott, Jennifer Kroger, Olivia Caputo, Regina Fadeyev, Vitaliy Affolder, Anthony Affolder, Kirsten Deshmukh, Aware Striebig, Nicolas Jadhav, Manoj Suda, Yusuke Fukazawa, Yasushi Metcalfe, Jessica Leys, Richard Peric, Ivan Shin, Taylor K.-W. Violette, Daniel NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow United States NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD United States University of California Santa Cruz Santa CruzCA United States Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL United States Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima739-8526 Japan

The precise reconstruction of Compton-scatter events is paramount for an imaging medium-energy gamma-ray telescope. The proposed AMEGO-X is enabled by a silicon tracker utilizing AstroPix chips - a pixelated silicon HVCMOS sensor novel for space use. To achieve science goals, each 500 × 500 µm2 pixel must be sensitive for energy deposits ranging from 25 - 700 keV with an energy resolution of 5 keV at 122 keV ( © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Gamma rays

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Construction of energy density functional for arbitrary spin polarization using functional renormalization group

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Physical Review B 2022年第3期105卷 035105-035105页

作者： Takeru Yokota Tomoya Naito Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences Program (iTHEMS) RIKEN Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan Institute for Solid State Physics The University of Tokyo Kashiwa Chiba 277-8581 Japan Department of Physics Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan RIKEN Nishina Center Wako 351-0198 Japan

We show an application of the functional-renormalization-group aided density functional theory to the homogeneous electron gas with arbitrary spin polarization, which gives an energy density functional in the local spin density approximation. The correlation energy per particle is calculated at arbitrary Wigner–Seitz radius rs and spin polarization ζ. In the high-density region, our result shows good agreement with Monte Carlo (MC) data. The agreement with MC data is better in the case of small spin polarization, while the discrepancy increases as the spin polarization increases. The magnetic properties given by our numerical results are also discussed.

关键词： First-principles calculations Functional renormalization group Magnetic phase transitions Spin state transition Ferromagnets Paramagnets Density functional theory Density functional theory development Electron-correlation calculations

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Exploring Interface Effects in Flatland Optics

Exploring Interface Effects in Flatland Optics

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International Congress on Advanced Electromagnetic Materials in Microwaves and Optics (METAMATERIALS)

作者： M. Moccia G. Castaldi A. Alù V. Galdi Department of Engineering University of Sannio Benevento Italy Advanced Science Research Center Photonics Initiative City University of New York New York NY USA Graduate Center Physics Program City University of New York New York NY USA

This study explores the possibilities of manipulating and controlling the propagation of surface waves in low-dimensional materials or metasurfaces by designing planar discontinuities in the surface impedance. Specifically, two examples are presented, namely “flat leaky waves” and “ghost line waves.” These innovative concepts have the potential to offer new avenues for controlling light at the nanoscale and could find practical applications in various fields ranging from integrated waveguides to optical sensing.

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Emerging Interface Effects in Flat Optics

Emerging Interface Effects in Flat Optics

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Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium

作者： Massimo Moccia Giuseppe Castaldi Andrea Alù Vincenzo Galdi Department of Engineering University of Sannio Benevento Italy Advanced Science Research Center Photonics Initiative City University of New York New York NY USA Graduate Center Physics Program City University of New York New York NY USA

In this paper, we discuss how the manipulation and control of surface-wave propagation can be achieved in natural low-dimensional materials or metasurfaces through the engineering of planar discontinuities in the surface impedance. We present two specific examples, “ghost line waves” and “flat leaky waves”, that offer new possibilities for controlling light at the nanoscale and may have potential applications in areas such as integrated waveguides, nonlinear optics, optical sensing, and sub-diffraction imaging.

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Anomalous Shiba states in topological iron-based superconductors

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Physical Review B 2022年第20期106卷 L201107-L201107页

作者： Areg Ghazaryan Ammar Kirmani Rafael M. Fernandes Pouyan Ghaemi Institute of Science and Technology Austria Am Campus 1 3400 Klosterneuberg Austria Physics Department City College of the City University of New York New York New York 10031 USA School of Physics and Astronomy University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA Physics Program Graduate Center of City University of New York New York New York 10031 USA

We demonstrate the formation of robust zero-energy modes close to magnetic impurities in the iron-based superconductor FeSe1−xTex. We find that the Zeeman field generated by the impurity favors a spin-triplet interorbital pairing as opposed to the spin-singlet intraorbital pairing prevalent in the bulk. The preferred spin-triplet pairing preserves time-reversal symmetry and is topological, as robust, topologically protected zero modes emerge at the boundary between regions with different pairing states. Moreover, the zero modes form Kramers doublets that are insensitive to the direction of the spin polarization or to the separation between impurities. We argue that our theoretical results are consistent with recent experimental measurements on FeSe1−xTex.

关键词： Impurities in superconductors Pairing mechanisms Superconducting gap Superconducting order parameter Iron-based superconductors

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Fractional and fractal extensions of epidemiological models

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Gabrick, Enrique C. Lenzi, Ervin K. Batista, Antonio M. Graduate Program in Science State University of Ponta Grossa PR Ponta Grossa84030-900 Brazil Department of Physics State University of Ponta Grossa PR Ponta Grossa84030-900 Brazil Department of Mathematics and Statistics State University of Ponta Grossa PR Ponta Grossa84030-900 Brazil

The spread of disease is a challenging problem for public health. One way to study the spread of disease is through mathematical models. The most successful models compartmentalize the host population according to their infectious stage, e.g., susceptible (S), infected (I), exposed (E), and recovered (R). The composition of these compartments leads to the SI, SIS, SIR, and SEIR models, which employ standard ordinary differential equations. In this Chapter, we present and compare three formulations of SI, SIS, SIR, and SEIR models in the framework of standard (integer operators), fractional (Caputo sense), and fractal derivatives (Hausdorff sense). Firstly, we introduce basic concepts of fractional operators, such as the numerical integration via the Euler method and their convergence. Following, we present the fractal derivative and its connection with integer operators. After, we introduce the models and applications in real data and analyze the differences between each formulation. As an application of the SI model, we study the evolution of AIDS cases in Bangladesh from 2001 to 2021. For this case, our simulations suggest that fractal formulation describes the data well. For the SIS model, we consider syphilis data from Brazil from 2006 to 2017. In this case, the three frameworks describe the data with good accuracy. We used data from Influenza A to adjust the SIR model in previous approaches and observed that the fractional formulation was better. The last application considers the COVID-19 data from India in the range 2020-04-10 to 2020-12-31 to adjust the parameters of the SEIR model. The standard formulation fits the data better than the other approaches. As a common result, all models exhibit steady solutions in the different formulations. The time to reach a steady solution is correlated to the considered approach. The standard and fractal formulations reach the steady state earlier when compared with the fractional formulation. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Numerical methods

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FT-IR Spectroscopy Coupled with Machine Learning to Evaluate Diabetes and Periodontitis

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： da Silva, Sara Maria Santos Dias Lopes Ferreira, Camila Rizzato, Jaqueline Maria Brandão dos Santos Toledo, Giovana Furukawa, Monique Silva Rovai, Emanuel Nogueira, Marcelo Saito de Carvalho, Luís Felipe das Chagas e Silva Science Health Post-graduate Program University of Taubaté - UNITAU SP Brazil SP São José dos Campos Brazil Tyndall National Institute Cork Ireland Department of Physics University College Cork Cork Ireland Centro Universitário Braz Cubas Mogi das Cruzes Brazil

Significance: Understanding saliva components from different disease patients through FTIR method help early diagnosis. FT-IR is an important and emerging tool, providing information related to the biochemical composition of biofluids, helping to identify how it changes when a pathological state arises. Aim: Via saliva diagnosis evaluate the accuracy of machine learning models for classification among healthy (control group), diabetic (D) and periodontitis (P) patients and the association of both diseases (DP). Approach: Saliva samples were collected from participants of each group (n=20) and were processed using Bruker Alpha II spectrometer in a FT-IR spectral fingerprint region between 600 and–1800 cm-1, followed by data preprocessing and analysis using machine learning tools. Results: Various FTI-R peaks were detectable and attributed to specific vibrational modes, which were classified based on confusion matrices showed in paired groups. The highest true positive rates (TPR) appeared between groups C vs D (93.5% ± 2.7%), groups C vs. DP (89.2% ± 4.1%), and groups D and P (90.4% ± 3.2%). However, P vs DP presented higher TPR for DP (84.1% ±3.1%) while D vs. DP the highest rate for DP was 81.7% ±4.3%. Analyzing all groups together, the TPR decreased. Conclusion: It was possible to classify healthy patients in a range of 78-93% of accuracy. Range over 80% of accuracy between periodontitis and diabetes were observed. A general classification model with lower TPR instead of a pairwise classification would only have advantages in scenarios where no prior patient information is available regarding diabetes and periodontitis status. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

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Continuous and discrete compartmental models for infectious disease

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Sousa, Gustavo A. Souza, Diogo L.M. Gabrick, Enrique C. dos Reis, Patrício D.C. Bentivoglio, Lucas E. Batista, Antonio M. Szezech, José D. Department of Physics State University of Ponta Grossa PR Ponta Grossa84030-900 Brazil Graduate Program in Science State University of Ponta Grossa PR Ponta Grossa84030-900 Brazil Institute of Physics University of São Paulo SP São Paulo05315-970 Brazil Department of Mathematics and Statistics State University of Ponta Grossa PR Ponta Grossa84030-900 Brazil

The study of infectious disease propagation is essential for understanding and controlling epidemics. One of the most useful tools for gaining insights into the spread of infectious diseases is mathematical modelling. In terms of mathematical epidemiology, the main models are based on compartments, such as Susceptible–Infected (SI), Susceptible–Infected–Recovered (SIR), and Susceptible–Exposed–Infected–Recovered (SEIR). These models offer mathematical frameworks for representing the proliferation dynamics of various diseases, for instance flu and smallpox. In this work, we explore these models using two distinct mathematical approaches, Cellular Automata (CA) and Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs). They are able to reproduce the spread dynamics of diseases with their own individuality. CA models incorporate the local interaction among individuals with discrete time and space, while ODEs provide a continuous and simplified view of a disease propagation in large and homogeneous populations. By comparing these two approaches, we find that the shape of the curves of all models is similar for both representations. Although, the growth rates differ between CA and ODE. One of our results is to show that the CA yields a power-law growth, while the ODE growth rate is well-represented by an exponential function. Furthermore, a substantial contribution of our work is using a hyperbolic tangent to fit the initial growth of infected individuals for all the considered models. Our results display a strong correlation between simulated data and adjusted function. We mainly address this successful result by the fact that the hyperbolic function captures both growing: the power-law (when considered the first terms of infinite sums) and combinations of exponential (when the hyperbolic function is written via exponential). Therefore, our work shows that when modelling a disease the choice of mathematical representation is crucial, in particular to model the onset of an epidemic. ©

关键词： Ordinary differential equations

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Growth of Wafer-Scale Single-Crystal 2D Semiconducting Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Monolayers

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Advanced science 2024年第11期11卷 e2307839页

作者： Singh, Jitendra Astarini, Nadiya Ayu Tsai, Meng-Lin Venkatesan, Manikandan Kuo, Chi-Ching Yang, Chan-Shan Yen, Hung-Wei Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei City106335 Taiwan Department of Physics Udit Narayan Post Graduate College Padrauna Uttar Pradesh Kushinagar274304 India Department of Molecular Science and Engineering Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials National Taipei University of Technology Taipei City106344 Taiwan Institute and Undergraduate Program of Electro-Optical Engineering National Taiwan Normal University Taipei City11677 Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei City106319 Taiwan

Due to extraordinary electronic and optoelectronic properties, large-scale single-crystal two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers have gained significant interest in the development of profit-making cutting-edge nano and atomic-scale devices. To explore the remarkable properties of single-crystal 2D monolayers, many strategies are proposed to achieve ultra-thin functional devices. Despite substantial attempts, the controllable growth of high-quality single-crystal 2D monolayer still needs to be improved. The quality of the 2D monolayer strongly depends on the underlying substrates primarily responsible for the formation of grain boundaries during the growth process. To restrain the grain boundaries, the epitaxial growth process plays a crucial role and becomes ideal if an appropriate single crystal substrate is selected. Therefore, this perspective focuses on the latest advances in the growth of large-scale single-crystal 2D TMD monolayers in the light of enhancing their industrial applicability. In the end, recent progress and challenges of 2D TMD materials for various potential applications are highlighted. © 2023 The Authors. Advanced science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Single crystals

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Chemical Structures and Stability of Amine Plasma Polymers Deposited on Porous Hydroxyapatite Artificial Bone with Bipolar Pulsed Discharges

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Harumningtyas, Anjar Anggraini Ito, Tomoko Michlíček, Miroslav Kodama, Joe Nečas, David Kita, Hidekazu Kaito, Takashi Zajíčková, Lenka Hamaguchi, Satoshi International Priority Graduate Program on Applied and Engineering Physics Division of Precision Engineering and Applied Physics Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka565-0871 Japan Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka565-0871 Japan Jalan Babarsari Kotak Pos 6101 ykbb Yogyakarta55281 Indonesia Department of Condensed Matter Physics Faculty of Science Masaryk University Kotlarska 2 Brno61137 Czech Republic Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka565-0871 Japan CEITEC Central European Institute of Technology Brno University of Technology Purkyňova 123 Brno61200 Czech Republic

A recent in vivo study by Kodama et al. shows that porous artificial bones coated with aminecontaining polymers deposited in a plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) process with high-voltage, low-frequency bipolar pulsed discharges significantly enhanced bone regeneration. This article reports the chemical and physical properties of amine plasma polymers (PPs) formed under the same deposition conditions, including the film stability for up to two months, the effects of sterilization on the chemical compositions of the films, and the penetration of amine PPs into the inner surfaces of interconnected microscopic pores of the amine-PP-coated porous artificial bone. It was found that, immediately after the plasma polymerization process, approximately 15% of nitrogen atoms on the surface of the deposited amine PP formed primary amines but the number decreased to approximately 5% over one month if the sample was exposed to ambient air or sterilized by autoclaving or ethylene oxide gas. Nitriles ( –CN) were also detected in the deposited amine PPs. Molecular dynamics simulations of simplified deposition processes suggest that the observed nitriles were likely to be formed by the incorporation of gas-phase cyano radicals that were also observed in the experiments of this study. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hydroxyapatite

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