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Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Jingya Huang Pablo Tostado-Marcos Sowmya Manojna Narasimha Aashish N. Patel Ezequiel. M. Arneodo Timothy Q. Gentner Gal Mishne Vikash Gilja Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California San Diego CA Department of Bioengineering University of California San Diego CA Institute for Neural Computation University of California San Diego CA Neuroscience Graduate Program University of California San Diego CA Department of Physics University of California San Diego CA Department of Psychology University of California San Diego CA Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute University of California San Diego CA

ISBN: (数字)9798350371499

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371505

State-of-the-art intracortical neuroprostheses currently enable communication at 60+ words per minute for anarthric individuals by training on over 10K sentences to account for phoneme variability in different word contexts. There is limited understanding about whether this performance can be maintained in decoding naturalistic speech with 40K+ word vocabularies across elicited, spontaneous, and conversational speech contexts. We introduce a vocal-unit-level generalization test to explicitly evaluate neural decoder performance with an expanded and more diverse behavioral repertoire. Tested on neural decoders modeling zebra finch vocalization, an analog to human vocal production, we compare three decoders with different input types: spike trains, neural factors, and firing rates. The factors and rates are latent neural features inferred using trained Latent Factor Analysis via Dynamical Systems (LFADS) models that capture the population neural dynamics during vocal production. While the conventional random holdout generalization error measure is similar for all three decoders, factor- and rate-based decoders outperform spike-based decoders when testing vocal-unit-holdout generalization error. These results suggest the later models better adapt to flexible vocalization inference when trained with partial observation of data variation, motivating further exploration of decoders incorporating latent neural and vocalization dynamics.

关键词： Training Adaptation models Vocabulary Firing Measurement uncertainty Neuroprostheses Production Decoding Engineering in medicine and biology Testing

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Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy for Probing DC Conductivity of Single-Layer Graphene

Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy for Probing DC Conductivi...

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Western New York Image Processing Workshop (WNYIPW)

作者： Debamitra Chakraborty Declan Walden Jing Cheng Julia Wallace Kiryl A. Niherysh Andrei V. Felsharuk Donats Erts Ivan Komissarov Roman Sobolewski Materials Science Graduate Program University of Rochester Rochester New York USA Laboratory for Laser Energetics Rochester New York USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Rochester Rochester New York USA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Rochester Rochester New York USA Institute of Chemical Physics University of Latvia Riga Latvia Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Rochester Rochester New York USA

We report preliminary results of extracting electrical parameters like DC conductivity, mobility, and carrier concentration of single-layer graphene using Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) in transmission geometry. We utilize a simple Drude model and its extension, the Drude-Smith model, capable of accommodating charge carrier scattering by optical and acoustic phonons to describe the complex conductivity in graphene. We observed that a significant area of the sample scanned followed the Drude-Smith behavior, while at a few locations, the simple Drude behavior prevailed. We identified possible reasons that might contribute to this observation, like defects, the presence of polymer residue on the sample, or the sample strain. This research sheds new light on our understanding of graphene's electrical properties and lays the foundation for future investigations addressing defects and contaminants in graphene samples.

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Enhancing Diagnostic Accuracy for Knee Osteoarthritis Using a Deep Learning Approach

Enhancing Diagnostic Accuracy for Knee Osteoarthritis Using ...

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International Symposium on Applied science 2024, ISAS 2024

作者： Raza, Aquib Ching, Congo Tak Shing Liu, Peng-Ta Phan, Thien-Luan Tran, Ngoc-Luan Nguyen, Ha Anh T. Rameez, Mohammad Li, Hung-Chung Linh, Dao Nguyen Phuong Van Hieu, Nguyen Tran, Trung Nghia National Taiwan University Taipei City10673 Taiwan Research Center for Information Technology Academia Sinica Taipei City11529 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung402 Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering National Chi Nan University Nantou County Taiwan Advanced Plant and Food Crop Biotechnology Center National Chung Hsing University Taichung402 Taiwan International Doctoral Program in Agriculture National Chung Hsing University Taichung402 Taiwan Fall Prevention Center Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Changhua Christian Hospital Changhua500 Taiwan Department of Physics and Electronic Engineering University of Science Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City70000 Viet Nam Department of Computer Science University of York York HeslingtonYO10 5DD United Kingdom Undergraduate Program of Intellectual Creativity Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung402 Taiwan Ho Chi Minh City72409 Viet Nam HCMUT Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Thu Duc Ho Chi Minh City71308 Viet Nam

This research introduces a deep learning framework that combines convolutional neural networks with autoencoders to improve the diagnostic accuracy of knee osteoarthritis. The study utilized a publicly available dataset from the Mendeley Data repository, where knee joint images were preprocessed using Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization to enhance contrast and ensure consistent image sizing. Initially, an autoencoder was employed in an unsupervised manner to learn compressed representations of the data. These representations were then used to train a CNN to classify knee images into 'healthy' and 'osteoarthritic' categories. The model was trained using an 80:20 split for training and testing data, incorporating early stopping and data augmentation techniques to prevent overfitting and enhance generalization. Performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROCAUC) were used to evaluate the model, resulting in a high test accuracy of 98.95%. The high precision and recall rates further confirmed the model's robustness in diagnosing KOA. To enhance interpretability, Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) was applied to identify critical regions in the images that influenced the model's decisions. Additionally, t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) was used to visualize the high-dimensional encoded features in a two-dimensional space, providing deeper insights into how the model differentiates between classes. The promising results of this deep learning approach suggest its potential for broader applications in medical imaging diagnostics. By providing healthcare professionals with a tool that enhances diagnostic accuracy and operational efficiency, this framework lays the foundation for developing scalable, AI-driven diagnostic systems for various complex medical conditions. © 2025 Institute of physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Joints (anatomy)

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Food security strategies toward flood hazards along the Cinendang river, Aceh Province 2

Food security strategies toward flood hazards along the Cine...

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2nd International Conference on Agriculture and Bioindustry, ICAGRI 2020

作者： Bakhtiar Abdullah, F. Marzuki, M. Yanis, M. Ismail, N. Graduate Program in Disaster Science Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh23111 Indonesia Department of Physics Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh23111 Indonesia Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe Lhokseumawe24357 Indonesia Department of Geophysical Engineering Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh23111 Indonesia Research Center of Ethnoscience Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh23111 Indonesia

Singkil communities have been living along riverbanks for several centuries. They are accustomed to living near the water which has generated local wisdom in mitigating and adapting to flood hazards. This study focuses on food security in overcoming flood hazards practiced as local wisdom by the community living along the Cinendang River, Aceh Singkil. The study applied a descriptive exploration based on field observations, interviews with local communities, and in-depth interviews with community leaders and local government regarding knowledge, experiences, and the implementation of the local wisdom. The result shows that the communities practice local wisdom on structural mitigation and adaptation so that they can still supply and protect their food needs during floods. The community has taken advantage of the floating buildings namely sapao metungkhang, lampung, and bagan for these purposes. These buildings are made of logs found drifting along the river, and they are practically effective in the way that daily household and communal activities can still be carried out in both normal conditions and during the flooding. Such houses are hardly found today due to shortages of raw materials, in-progress inland transportation development, relocation of communities far from rivers, and dimmed water caused by transportation routes. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Rivers

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Magneto-optical Spectroscopy with RAMBO: A Table-Top 30 T Magnet

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Tay, Fuyang Baydin, Andrey Katsutani, Fumiya Kono, Junichiro Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States

Optically probing materials in high magnetic fields can provide enlightening insight into field-modified electronic states and phases, while optically driving materials in high magnetic fields can induce novel nonequilibrium many-body dynamics of spin and charge carriers. While there are high-field magnets compatible with standard optical spectroscopy methods, they are generally bulky and have limited optical access, which prohibit performing state-of-the-art ultrafast and/or nonlinear optical experiments. The Rice Advanced Magnet with Broadband Optics (RAMBO), a unique 30-T pulsed mini-coil magnet system with direct optical access, has enabled previously challenging experiments using femtosecond optical pulses, including time-domain terahertz spectroscopy, in cutting-edge materials placed in strong magnetic fields. Here, we review recent experimental advances made possible by the first-generation RAMBO setup. After summarizing technological aspects of combining optical spectroscopic techniques with the mini-coil magnet, we describe results of magneto-optical studies of a wide variety of materials, providing new insight into the states and dynamics of four types of quasiparticles in solids – excitons, plasmons, magnons, and phonons – in high magnetic fields. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Magnets

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Monolayer indium selenide: an indirect bandgap material exhibits efficient brightening of dark excitons

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npj 2D Materials and Applications 2024年第1期8卷 12页

作者： Paylaga, Naomi Tabudlong Chou, Chang-Ti Lin, Chia-Chun Taniguchi, Takashi Watanabe, Kenji Sankar, Raman Chan, Yang-Hao Chen, Shao-Yu Wang, Wei-Hua Molecular Science Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei 10617 Taiwan National Central University Taoyuan Zhongli 320317 Taiwan Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences Academia Sinica Taipei 10617 Taiwan Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba 305-0044 Japan Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba 305-0044 Japan Institute of Physics Academia Sinica Taipei 115201 Taiwan Physics Division National Center of Theoretical Sciences Taipei 10617 Taiwan Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan Center for Condensed Matter Sciences National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan

Atomically thin indium selenide (InSe) exhibits a sombrero-like valence band, leading to distinctive excitonic behaviors. It is known that the indirect band gap of atomically thin InSe leads to a weak emission from the lowest-energy excitonic state (A peak). However, the A peak emission of monolayer (ML) InSe was observed to be either absent or very weak, rendering the nature of its excitonic states largely unknown. Intriguingly, we demonstrate that ML InSe exhibits pronounced PL emission because of the efficient brightening of the momentum-indirect dark excitons. The mechanism is attributed to acoustic phonon-assisted radiative recombination facilitated by strong exciton-acoustic phonon coupling and extended wavefunction in momentum space. Systematic analysis of layer-, power-, and temperature-dependent PL demonstrates that a carrier localization model can account for the asymmetric line shape of the lowest-energy excitonic emission for atomically thin InSe. Our work reveals that atomically thin InSe is a promising platform for manipulating the tightly bound dark excitons in two-dimensional semiconductor-based optoelectronic devices. © The Author(s) 2024.

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Optoelectrical Nanomechanical Resonators Made from Multilayered 2D Materials

Research Square

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Research Square 2021年

作者： Esmenda, Joshoua Condicion Aguila, Myrron Albert Callera Wang, Jyh-Yang Lee, Teik-Hui Chen, Yen-Chun Yang, Chi-Yuan Lin, Kung-Hsuan Chang-Liao, Kuei-Shu Kafanov, Sergey Pashkin, Yuri Chen, Chii-Dong Department of Engineering and System Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Nano-Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan Institute of Physics Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan Department of Physics Lancaster University LancasterLA1 4YB United Kingdom

Studies involving nanomechanical motion have evolved from its detection and understanding of its fundamental aspects to its promising practical utility as an integral component of hybrid systems. Nanomechanical resonators’ indispensable role as transducers between optical and microwave fields in hybrid systems, such as quantum communications interface, have elevated their importance in recent years. It is therefore crucial to determine which among the family of nanomechanical resonators is more suitable for this role. Most of the studies revolve around nanomechanical resonators of ultrathin structures because of their inherently large mechanical amplitude due to their very low mass. Here, we argue that the underutilized nanomechanical resonators made from multilayered two-dimensional (2D) materials are the better fit for this role because of their comparable electrostatic tunability and larger optomechanical responsivity. To show this, we first demonstrate the electrostatic tunability of mechanical modes of a multilayered nanomechanical resonator made from graphite. We also show that the optomechanical responsivity of multilayered devices will always be superior as compared to the few-layer devices. Finally, by using the multilayered model and comparing this device with the reported ones, we find that the electrostatic tunability of devices of intermediate thickness is not significantly lower than that of ultrathin ones. Together with the practicality in terms of fabrication ease and design predictability, we contend that multilayered 2D nanomechanical resonators are the optimal choice for the electromagnetic interface in integrated quantum systems. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Electrostatics

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Generalization of exceptional point conditions in perturbed coupled resonators

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Physical Review B 2021年第20期104卷 205405-205405页

作者： Shahab Ramezanpour Andrey Bogdanov Andrea Alù Younes Ra'di School of Physics and Engineering ITMO University St. Petersburg 197101 Russia Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York 85 St. Nicholas Terrace New York New York 10031 USA Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York New York New York 10016 USA

The phase singularity in open systems, known as the exceptional point (EP), has revealed exotic functionalities, especially in optics—as an illustration, ultrasensitive sensors and laser beam unidirectionality. The strong sensitivity to perturbations around the EP has been suggested for sensing applications. Nevertheless, the characteristics of such highly sensitive systems can be affected by unwanted perturbations during the fabrication process. However, if one can control perturbation, it can be considered as an additional degree of freedom to create and tune EPs, enabling fascinating phenomena. In this paper, we propose an analytical method to investigate such systems. We analytically derive the general conditions of EPs in the perturbed pair of coupled ring resonators, where both resonators can be perturbed by different scatterers. Several numerical examples are employed to verify the proposed analytical method. We propose a simple experimental scheme where the predicted effects can be confirmed. It is also shown that by changing the relative position of the scatterers with respect to each other, quite interesting states such as a chiral EP in one resonator or simultaneous chiral EPs in both resonators could be observed, making such a system a highly functional tunable device which can have several applications such as quantized reflection/transmission and q-bits.

关键词： Electromagnetism Geometrical & wave optics Laser applications Nanophotonics Near-field optics Perturbation theory Photonics

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Layered natural filter technique for reducing iron content level of the borehole water on peat area

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2646卷

作者： Eka Murdani Andi Suhandi Doctoral Program of Science Education Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Bandung 40154 Indonesia Physics Education Program STKIP Singkawang Singkawang 79251 Indonesia Department of Science Education Post-Graduate School Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Bandung Indonesia

This research was conducted to design a water purification technique for wellbore peat soil which has a high yellow rust (high iron content level). This research method is carried out by designing a layered or multilevel filter technique that is designed in such a way as to get the right composition in the filter layer arrangement. The borehole water sample studied had an iron content level of 5.0863 mg/L which did not find the requirements for clean water (at least 0.5 mg/L) and drinking water (at least 0.3 mg/L). The zeolite filter media was able to reduce the iron content level of the sample to 3.0362 mg/L. Activated charcoal filter media was able to reduce the iron content level of the sample to 1.4662 mg/L. The zeolite-activated charcoal filter media was effective in reducing the iron content level of the sample to 0.0326 mg/L. The last research has been carried out with the composition and arrangement of the filter layers in the container in order from top to bottom is zeolite, charcoal, beach shell sand. The filter is most effective in reducing the iron content level of the sample to 0.0106 mg/L. The results of the borehole water filtration using zeolite-activated charcoal filter media and zeolite-activated charcoal-coastal sand filter is categorized as clean water and drinking water. However, the filtered water must still be cooked for drinking water so that germs and bacteria die in boiling water.

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Manipulation of the nanoscale heliconical structure of a twist-bend nematic material with polarized light

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Physical Review Research 2020年第3期2卷 032004(R)-032004(R)页

作者： C. Feng J. Feng R. Saha Y. Arakawa J. Gleeson S. Sprunt C. Zhu A. Jákli Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute Kent State University Kent Ohio 44242 USA Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Lab Berkeley California 94720 USA Department of Physics Kent State University Kent Ohio 44242 USA Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science Graduate School of Engineering Toyohashi University of Technology Toyohashi 441-8580 Japan

The effect of polarized violet light on the alignment and the heliconical pitch of a liquid crystal dimer containing both sulfur atoms and an azo linkage has been studied by tender resonant x-ray scattering. The results provide evidence of the manipulation of the nanoscale heliconical structure by polarized light. In addition to the bulk alignment of the heliconical nanostructure, the value of the heliconical pitch can be varied as well. After turning the light on, an increase of the pitch is observed in two steps. The increase with a subsecond timescale is attributed to the reduced heliconical order related to trans-cis photoisomerization. This is followed by a smaller increase over a 10-s timescale, which is likely related to the annihilation of defects. After turning the light off, the pitch first decreases within a few seconds to a value larger than the original (before illumination), and then relaxes further on a much longer (hours) timescale.

关键词： Chiral symmetry Dynamical phase transitions Twist deformation

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